A COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT REPORT

ON

“ORGANIC FARMING”
Submitted by

S NITHIN KUMAR
23F25A0511
Under the guidance of

Mrs Y VENKATALAKSHMI M.Tech

Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering

Department of Computer Science And Engineering

GATES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Affiliated to J.N.T.U.A, Anantapur, Approved by A.I.C.T.E., New Delhi)

Accreted by NAAC with “A” Grade),NH 44,Gooty(V),Ananthapuram(Dist),

Gooty-515401

Andhra Pradesh
2023-2024

0
 Program Book For
Community Service Project

Name of the Student : S NITHIN KUMAR

Name of the College : GATES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Registration Number : 23F25A0511

Period of CSP : From : 13/05/2024 To: 06/07/2024

Name of the Community/Habitation: ORGANIC FARMING

Address of the Community/Habitation : Apparacheruvu (V),

Bathalapalli (M),
Ananthapuram (Dist),
Pin Code:515661.

1
 Community Service Project Report

Name of the College : GATES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department : COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENIGEERING

Name of the Faculty Guide: Mrs. Y.VENKATALAKSHMI (M.Tech)

Duration of the CSP : From:13/5/2024 To:6/7/2024

Name of the Student : S NITHIN KUMAR

Programme of Study : ORGANIC FARMING

Year of Study : II-II SEM

Register Number : 20F21A0511

Date of Submission : 08/07/2024

2
 Student’s Declaration

I, S.Nithin kumar, a student of B. Tech Program, Reg. No. 23F25A0511 of

the Department of Computer Science And Engineering, GATES College
do hereby declare that I have completed the mandatory community service
from 13/05/2024 to 06/07/2024 in “Organic Farming” under the Faculty
Guideship of Mrs.Y.Venkatalakshmi(M.Tech), Department of Computer
Science And Engineering in Gates Institute Of technology.

(Signature and Date)

Endorsements

Faculty Guide

Head of the Department

Principal

3
 Certificate from Official of the Community

This is to certify that S.Nithin kumar, Reg. No. 23F25A0511 of Gates

Institute Of Technology underwent community service in “Organic
Farming” from: 13/05/2024 to:06/07/2024.

The overall performance of the Community Service Volunteer during his

community service is found to be
…………………………(Satisfactory/Good)

Authorized Signatory with Date and Seal

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
An endeavor of a long period can be successful only with the advice of many well-
wishers. We take this opportunity to express our deep gratitude and appreciation
to all those who encouraged us for successful completion of the project

We are very much thankful to our beloved Correspondent Smt V.K.

Padmavathamma Garu for providing the necessaries in completion of the
course.

We wish to thank Sri G. Raghunatha Reddy Sir our beloved managing director
& Smt. V.K. Srivani madam, Director providing us all facilities that are required
for our project.

We coddially thank to our principal Dr.Syed Suraya(M.Tech,ph.D)Garu for providing

the necessaries in completion of the project.

Our special thanks to Dr. P. Namratha(ph.D)Garu, Head of Computer Science

And Engineering, Gates Institute of Technology, Gooty, for her timely
suggestions and help in spite of the busy schedule.

We express our sincere thanks to our project guide Mrs.Y.Venkatalakshmi(M.tech)

of Computer Science & Engineering department, Gates Institute of
Technology, Gooty, Ananthapuram, without innovative and imaginative
approach, regular monitoring and timely advice, this project would never have
been realized.

The opportunity I had with Organic Farming was a chance for learning and
improvement. Therefore, I consider myself as an individual as I got the
opportunity to be a part of it. I am also thankful for having a chance to meet many
people .

We thank our teaching and non-teaching staff of the department of Computer

Science & Engineering department, Gates Institute of Technology, Gooty, for
their constant corporation for completion of the project

5
 CHAPTER 1:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ORGANIC FARMING

6
ABSTRACT
Once, India was a self-sustainable country and its backbone was agriculture.
Agriculture can be defined as the art of growing food crops and cash crops needed
by man. This has passed through a series of phases. Agricultural practices and
technologies have grown rapidly and the selection of farming methods totally
depends on the financialcondition of the farmer. The ultimate aim of all these
farming practices is to achieve better and higher yields. Agriculture can be either
sustainable agriculture, industrial agriculture ororganic agriculture. In this section,
we will discussorganic farming.
Organic farming can be defined as an agricultural process that uses biological
fertilisers and pest control acquired from animal or plant waste. Organic farming
was actually initiated as an answer to the environmental sufferings caused by the
use of chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilisers. In other words, organic
farming is a new system of farming or agriculture that repairs, maintains, and
improves the ecological balance organic farming, agricultural system that uses
ecologically based pest controls and biological fertilizers derived largely from
animal and plant wastes and nitrogen-fixing cover crops. Modern organic farming
was developed as a response to the environmental harm caused by the use of
chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers in conventional agriculture, and it has
numerous ecological benefits. Compared with conventional agriculture, organic
farming uses fewer pesticides, reduces soil erosion, decreases nitrate leaching into
groundwater and surface water, and recycles animal wastes back into the farm.
These benefits are counterbalanced by higher food costs for consumers and
generally lower yields. Indeed, yields of organic cropshave been found to be about
25 percent lower overall than conventionally grown crops, although this can vary
considerably depending upon the type of crop. The challenge for future organic
7
agriculture will be to maintain its environmental benefits, increase yields,
andreduce prices while meeting the challenges of climate change and an
increasing world population.
It is the practice of farming or raising crops and other livestock without using any
inorganic chemical fertilizers, pesticides or any other genetically modified
organisms. With organic farming, the productivity of the farming fields is
enhanced along with economic growth, thus promising a sustainable environment.
Nowadays, farmers are aware of the harmful and toxic effects of fertilizers and
other chemicals used. As a result, they started to rely on organic farming. It has
many benefits over other farming practices. They are eco-friendly and help to
reduce soil infertility and soil erosion issues. It also promotes a healthy lifestyle.

INTRODUCTION:
Organic farming is a method of crop and livestock diverse 2006), include the
following: production that involves much more than choosing not to use
pesticides, fertilizers,genetically modified organisms, antibiotic and growth
Communities within the agroecosystem, including soil organisms, plants,
livestock and people. The principal goal of organic production is to develop
enterprises that are sustainable and harmonious with the environment. The
general principles of organic production, from the Canadian Organic Standards
(hormones. Organic production is a holistic system designed to optimize the
productivity and fitness of
prepare organic products, emphasizing careful processing, and handling
methods in order to maintain the organic integrity and vital qualities of the
products at all stages of production rely on renewable resources in locally
organized agricultural systems. long-term soil fertility by optimizing
conditions for biological activity within the soil maintain biological diversity
within the system

8
 recycle materials and resources to the greatest extent possible within the
enterprise provide attend care that promotes the health and meets the behavioral
needs of livestock.
organic farming promotes the use of crop rotations and cover crops, and
encourages balanced host/predator relationships. Organic residues and nutrients
produced on the farm are recycled back to the soil. Cover crops and composted
manure are used to maintain soil organic matter and fertility. Preventative insect
and disease control methods are practiced, including crop rotation, improved
genetics and resistant varieties. Integrated pest and weed management, and soil
conservation systems are valuable tools on an organic farm.
Organic agricultural methods are internationally regulated and legally enforced
by many nations, based in large part on the standards set by the International
Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), an international
umbrella organization for organic farming organizations established in 1972.
Organic agriculture can be defined as "an integrated farming system that strives
for sustainability, the enhancement of soil fertility and biological diversity while,
with rare exceptions, prohibiting synthetic pesticides, antibiotics, synthetic
fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, and growth hormones".
Since 1990, the market for organic food and other products has grown rapidly,
reaching $63 billion worldwide in 2012. This demand has driven a similar
increase in organically- managed farmland that grew from 2001 to 2011 at a
compounding rate of 8.9% per annum. [18] As of 2020, approximately
75,000,000 hectares (190,000,000 acres) worldwide were farmed organically,
representing approximately 1.6% of total world farmland

9
 CHAPTER 2

OVERVIEW OF THE COMMUNITY

10
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT:

Organic farming follows a healthy way of farming for both crops as well as
consumers. In this method, composted organic manure is used for the nutrition
of crops and thus, improves the organic content and fertility of the soil. Apart
from manures, bacterial and fungal biofertilizers are also used for enhancing the
nutrients in the soil.

Fig 4: nutrient management in organic farming Concepts of Integrated Nutrient

Management:
The nutrients stored in the soil.
The nutrients purchased from outside the farm.
Plant nutrients present in crop residues, manures, and domestic wastes.
Nutrient uptake by crops at harvest time.
Plant nutrients lost from the field during crop harvest or through volatilization
Weed and Pest Management
Crop rotation, mixed cropping, organic control, and hand weeding are the other
techniques used in organic farming to maintain soil fertility and for pest and
11
weed control. These systems of pest and weed management and soil protection
make organic farming the best method. Sometimes, natural or other organically
approved insecticides like neem pesticides are also used.

Fig 5: Bitco pest control

Cover crops are one of the most effective tools for suppressing weeds,
and they work in three ways.
1.When alive, they outcompete weeds for water, nutrients, and sunlight.
2.As mulch, they minimize weed growth by physically preventing the germination
of weed seeds, cutting off access to light and warmer temperatures.
3.When certain legumes, cereals or brassica decompose, they produce natural
herbicides that can suppress weed seed while sequestering carbon.

Disease Management

Certainly! Disease management in organic farming is crucial for maintaining

healthy crops while minimizing the use of synthetic chemicals. Here are some
key aspects of disease management in organic ecosystems

*Biological Diversity and Soil Health: Disease management in organic farming

is largely based on maintaining biological diversity and soil health. Organic
farmers achieve this through practices such as:

12
*Balanced Crop Rotations: Regularly changing crops helps prevent the buildup
of specific pathogens in the soil.

*Nitrogen-Fixing and Cover Crops: These crops enhance soil fertility and
suppress diseases.

*Intercropping: Growing different crops together reduces disease

incidence.

*Manure and Compost: Adding organic matter improves soil health and
provides nutrients.

*Reduced Soil Tillage: Minimizing soil disturbance preserves beneficial

microorganisms.

*Natural Pest and Disease Control: Organic farmers rely on natural

methods to manage pests and diseases:

*Pheromone Traps: These traps use insect pheromones to attract and

capture pests.

*Altered Sowing Dates: Timing crop planting to avoid peak disease periods.

*Resistant Varieties: Planting crop varieties resistant to specific diseases.

*Predators: Encouraging beneficial insects that prey on pests.

*Botanicals: Using plant extracts with pesticidal properties.

*Light Traps: Attracting and trapping flying insects.

13
1.Holistic Approach: Organic farming combines scientific knowledge of
ecology with traditional practices. It aims for a balance between ecological,

economic, and social aspects. By adopting organic methods, we can mitigate

the ill effects of modern agriculture and promote sustainable practices 12.

2.Remember, disease management in organic farming is not just about

treating symptoms but also about fostering a healthy ecosystem that
supports resilient crops.
supplying important macro and micronutrients and adopting crop rotation is
crucial to prevent various plant diseases. Even the soil is enriched with
useful microbes, fungi, and bacteria to prevent harmful organisms in check.

Fig 6: Disease Management

Organic fruits and vegetables are not the only examples of successful organic
products. Recently, dairy products which are organic are noticeable. Livestock is
another example of organic farming. Here, they follow a strict means of farming
like animals feed only on organic food only. Hormones or other genetic
engineering practices for high yield are not allowed on animals .
*Red rot management in sugarcane has become an important issue in all
sugarcane areas. While early stage detection may not be quite easy, during later
stages, the cane breaks down.
14
*The canes are to be split open lengthwise to see dull red tissue, interrupted by
white patches across the stalk. These patches are characteristic of red rot of
sugarcane. Monsoon period enables faster disease spread and drying of the crop.
*The best remedy for avoiding this fungal disease is to cultivate only resistant
sugarcane varieties that have been released for cultivation in different sugarcane
growing states. Phytosanitation, being the key to manage this disease, stringent
domestic quarantine measures to prevent movement of cane setts from endemic
areas to new areas has to be enforced by all concerned agencies including sugar
mills.

Benefits of Organic Farming?

Have you heard of organic farming? It’s attracting a lot of attention these days.
Supermarkets are filled with food labeled as organic. Not only this, but people
also seem to be favoring organic foods more because of their benefits

Fig 7: Benefits of Organic Farming

There is such a rising interest in organic food and organic farming that people
are even ready to pay a higher price for organic products. But why is organic
farming and organic food gaining such popularity? You can only understand the
reason once you know about the numerous benefits of organic farming. Want to
learn all the benefits? Let us first understand the meaning of organic farming.
15
Negative Effects of Organic Farming:
While organic farming and products are growing increasingly popular, there are
also some critics who make the claim that the negative effects of organic
farming outweigh the benefits, and doubt it can be a global solution. There are
currently some negative aspects to organic farming, although many can be
remedied by research and policy.

ORGANIC SOME PESTICIDES ARE NOT SAFE

Ideally, organic farmers usually seek to prevent pest and weed buildup by
intercropping, which is growing two crops in alternate rows, or by multiple
cropping. Pests and diseases are usually crop-specific. So by diversifying crops
at any given time, increase in number of pest and pathogen of any one kind is
prevented. However, sometimes pests and diseases do buildup, especially in
intensive organic farms that concentrate on only one crop. Natural predators or
cultivation practices are used first, points out The Organic Center.If that does not
work, there are some chemicals of natural origin that are screened and allowed
for use by the USDA that can be used as last resorts.

Safe Alternatives to CoFungicidespper:

As an EcoWatch report points out, the copper fungicides used in organic farming
have to be food-grade and are used to a much lesser extent than in conventional
farms. Moreover, Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI) lists alternatives
to these pesticides, and it is easy to avoid copper-based products, as they are not
the only fungicides used on organic farms

Rotenone Sale Is Prohibited For Food:

The National Organic Standards Board in a 2012 petition proposed that
Rotenone be completely prohibited by January 2016 .the decision was still

16
pending in 2017, as NOSB wants to allow time to find alternatives. It is listed
currently by OMRI only for restricted application and it is used only as fish
poison according to Agricultural Marketing Service Rotenone sales were
stopped in the U.S. for use on food by the time of the 2012 petition Rotenone
use is also decreasing in countries that have not banned it points out both Mother
Earth News and Agricultural Marketing Service. Both the organic farmers'
community and the U.S. government have responded swiftly and positively to
the negative reviews of Rotenone by discontinuing or restricting its use to keep
organic products safe for consumers and other species of the world.

Practice Multi-Cropping to Prevent Pesticide Need:

To prevent pest and disease buildup organic farmers and gardeners can strive to
avoid growing only one product, but diversify into many plants and animals to
maintain a healthy farm ecosystem.This promotes natural resilience against pests
and diseases by providing a chance for natural predators of pests and pathogens
to develop notes a 2010 Nature study.

Multi Cropping

Health Effects on the Body:

Organic foods are generally regarded as more healthy than conventionally

produced foods because they lack added growth hormones and other
questionable elements. Mercola recommends organic food to avoid many health
problems. However, this does not exclude organic foods from criticism, though,
17
as many criticshealth problems. However, this does not exclude organic foods
from criticism, though, as many critics organic foods are produced and the effect
they may have on the body.
Simple Solution:
The solution for this is proper hygiene and washing fresh produce before use.
Solutions to Soil Loss:
The problem of soil erosion due to intensive farming can be prevented by:
Plowing along contours and by planting hedges or trees for soil conservation
suggests the 2015 The Guardian article.
Another solution would be to practice permaculture which advocates a no-till
approach to farming

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Advantages

1. Natural Environment

Organic farming usually goes down in a natural environment. Unnecessary

enclosures are not used for the crops or plants. This way the productivity is
increased and is way better compared to closed spaces. An open and natural area
for growing the crops would give them wild and instinctive growing nature. This
is ideal for the crops and is one of the factors that leads to the plants being
organic.

2. No Chemicals

18
 No Chemicals

Unlike other forms of farming, organic farming does not involve any artificial
sources like chemicals to drive away pests or to speed up the process of farming.
These chemicals are often used in commercial and industrial farming methods.
However, organic farming stays true to its title. Its method is true to its natural
core and does not use anything that may be of harm to its consumers. Any type
of chemical is not entertained in the organic farming industry.

3. Eye on You
Unlike any other procedure, organic farming has a very strict supervision
schedule. The reason for this extreme regulation is because of the importance to
keep the labelorganic. It is very difficult to do so as most brands use artificial
aspects in their farming. There are various methods of organic farming and its
standards must be maintained in order to remain organic. This ensures that
customers buying the end product receive what they’re truly looking for.

4. Environmentally Friendly
Among the advantages of organic farming, this one stands out the most. Today,
almost the entire sector of industrial farming consists of chemicals that ruin the
environment. However, when you One of the major problems of organic farming
methods is that sometimes it can get a bit costly. Some products related to
organic farming are too expensive, leading to some common people to not be
able to afford it. In a country like India where most of its livelihood are farmers,
organic farming brings a huge problem to it. However, organic farming in Tamil
Nadu have had some success stories.

5. Healthier and Tastier

Since non-organic farming produces results that are way too suspicious when
eaten, it is obvious that it isn’t good for health either. Organic farming in kerala
19
for example are known to keep the crops growing properly. They are given time
and care unlike non-organic sectors that pump the results with chemicals in
order for it to grow faster. These type of sectors are only commercial-minded
and are least bothered about the satisfaction and health of the consumer. Since
the fruits and vegetables grown organically are given longer time to flourish,
they automatically are way better in terms of nutrition and taste.
Disadvantages

If you’re looking to know how to start organic farming, these pointers should be
kept in mind. Now that we’ve seen the positive side to organic farming, let us
move on to the negative. Although it does have a lot of useful aspects, some
things could go wrong. The following are the disadvantages of organic farming.

1. Expensive Products
One of the major problems of organic farming methods is that sometimes it can
get a bit costly. Some products related to organic farming are too expensive,
leading to some common people to not be able to afford it. In a country like
India where most of its livelihood are farmers, organic farming brings a huge
problem to it. However, organic farming in Tamil had some success stories.

2. More labour

like organic farming to replace it, a huge benefit is received. Organic farming
does not use any form of chemical nor does any form of pollution happen
because of it. This makes it way better than regular farming. The whole world
suffers because of the ignorant methods of regular farming including animals.
Organic farming is definitely the way to go.

20
Organic farming is a sector that requires a lot of patience. This is because pests
and others obstacles must be tackled manually. Unlike in non-organic farming,
the use of pesticides and other chemicals are not permitted. This makes the work
of the farmer harder as constant attention and care is needed. Due to the constant
attention, a lot of time is consumed. Organic

farming has to be executed well which needs a lot of time and not to forget
weed-prevention..

3. High MRP
It is almost obvious that due to the extreme care taken to go along with organic
farming, the results would be kept at a high price. Once sold to the market, most
of the place is devoted to the sale of these organic fruits and vegetables. Most
people do that approve of organic products because of this. The items sold in the
market are half the price of non-organic products. So, we can say that organic
items are expensive and not every consumer is willing to pay the price for it.

4. Cross Breeding Problem

The seeds of GMO plants once planted, create GMO crops. These crops then
produce seeds and the pattern continues. This makes it very difficult to tell from
the organic and GMO crops. This has become a huge problem in the organic
farming sector. This could ruin the future of organic planting as a whole.

5. Labor Charges
Labor charges refer to the amount payable to someone who has been involved in
the building at working of something. Like we said earlier, in organic farming
ventures, the amount of labor is high and it takes a lot of time and patience to the
get work done. If one is not able to do it by oneself, a lot of labor would be hired
which increases the payment that those laborers deserve

21
CHAPTER 3: COMMUNITY SERVICE PART

Activities undertaken in the community:

1. Spread Awareness to Neighbours.
2. Spread Awareness to Colleagues.
3. Spread Awareness to Relative
4. Spread Awareness to Kids
5. Spread Awareness to Public
6. Community service might include taking part in a graffiti clean-up
performed for the benefit of the community at large .Act can range from a one-
time
7. During the period of the community like Group discussion ,poster making,
making choice ,communication among the group, interaction with the people.
8. During the interaction witih the villagers,I have learned many new about their
life style.
9. While interaction with the villagers & sharing information about the Oraganic
Farming made me learn more things than I know.

22
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIRST WEEK

DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE

LEARNING Person
& DAILY
OUTCOME
Incharge
DATE ACTIVITY
Signature
A community survey is a
method of collecting data from a
Introduction of community service filtered target audience to help
Day – 1 you understand an issue particular
13/5/2024 project to them. Community service is a
way for people to make a
difference in the world
The world play an important role
in the development of society,
ranging from social enterprises
Needs and importance of community in some of the poorest rural areas
Day - 2 service project of the globe, to service designed
14/5/2024 to enhance quality of life for the
more vulnerable members of
society in any country or region.
There are three types of
Day – 3 community service and service-
Forms of Community Service learning: direct, in- direct and
15/5/2024
advocacy.

Direct service activities where

Day – 4 students interact with the
Direct Service recipients of service or the
16/5/2024 physical environment they have
targeted forimprovement.
The ability to come in direct
contact with the beneficiaries of
Day – 5 service, you can organize an
Indirect Service indirect service activity
17/5/2024
wherestudents channel resources
to a problem but do not interact
with those being served
It is important to always be an
advocate for the issues that
Day – 6
inspire you. During advocacy
Advocacy
18/5/2024 service activities, students bring
awareness to an issue and inspire
others to take action.

23
 WEEKLY REPORT

WEEK – From Dt:13/05/2024 To Dt:18/05/2024

ObjectiveoftheActivityDone:

DetailedReport: "Service learning is a process of involving students in community service activities.

combined with facilitated means for applying the experience to their academic and personal

development". It is a form of experiential education aimed at enhancing and enriching student

learning in course material. When compared to other forms of experiential learning like internships

and cooperative education

24
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SECOND WEEK

LEARNING Person
DAY
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE OUTCOME In-charge
&
DAILY ACTIVITY Signature
DATE

Team
Day – 1 On the first day, we have formed the team and decided
the team head.
20/05/2024

On the second day, we have explored different topics Topic

Day - 2
and selected a topic.
21/05/2024

Day – 3 Suggestions and guidance

We have took the suggestions from our Seniors about
22/05/2024 community service project. from seniors.

Day – 4
Started gathering the information about the topic which Information about the Topic.
23/05/2024 has been choosed.

Day – 5
On the fifth day, we have searched for the regions Research about the places/
24/05/2024 where the ecological farming is practiced. regions.

Day – 6 Just visited the place

Went to visit the place that has been Selected
25/05/2024

25
 WEEKLY REPORT

WEEK – From Dt:20/05/2024 To Dt: 25/05/2024

ObjectiveoftheActivityDone:

DetailedReport: On the second week I select my village for conduncting survey.I meet with farmer

and collect some details about organic farming. I knew about what is organic farming and learnt

whatis the important of the organic farmingAnd I collect some information about the organic farming

from the grandparents. we have searched for the regions where the ecological farming is practiced. I

select place for my committee service project and I visit the place and and collect the word processor

to follow for doing organic farming.

26
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE THIRD WEEK
DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DAILY
& ACTIVITY LEARNING OUTCOME Person
DATE In-charge
Signature

On the first day of 3rd week, I start preliminary About Organic Farming
survey on organic farming and visit some crops
Day – 1 which are farms with oragnic
27/05/2024

Learnt about how Organic farming follows a healthy Nutreint management

way of farming for both crops as well as consumers.
Day -
2
28/05/2024

Day – Collect how nutrients stored in the soil.,nutrients Concepts of Integrated

purchased from outside the farm. And Plant nutrients
3 Nutrient Management:
present in crop residues, manures, and domestic
29/05/2024
wastes

Day – Learnt about weed and pest management techniques Weed and Pest Management
like Crop rotation, mixed cropping, organic control,
4
and hand weeding
30/05/2024

Day – How to maintain healthy crops while minimizing the Disease Management
use of synthetic chemicals
5
31/05/2024

Day – key aspects of disease

management
6
01/06/2024
Collect details about some key aspects of disease
management in organic ecosystems

27
 WEEKLY REPORT

WEEK – From Dt: 27/05/2024 To Dt: 01/06/2024

ObjectiveoftheActivityDone:

On the first day of 3rd week, I start preliminary survey on organic farming and visit some crops which are

farms with oragnic .Learnt about how Organic farming follows a healthy way of farming for both crops as well.

as consumers .Collect how nutrients stored in the soil.,nutrients purchased from outside the farm. And Plant

nutrients present in crop residues, manures, and domestic wastes Learnt about weed and pest management

like Crop rotation, mixed cropping, organic control, and hand weeding How to maintain healthy crops while

minimizing the use of synthetic chemicals .Collect details about some key aspects of disease management in

organic ecosystems.

28
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FOURTH WEEK
DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DAILY
& ACTIVITY LEARNING OUTCOME Person
DATE Incharge
Signature

Collect details about benefits of organic farming on

soil health,on health,on substainabilityand on the
Day – Environment Benefits of Organic Farming
1
03/06/2024

know about organic pesticides that used for organic Organic Pesticides
farming
Day -
2
04/06/2024

Day – On this day I learnt some organic pesticides Organic Pesticides Are Not Safe
Are not safe for the crops
3
05/06/2024

Day – To prevent pest and disease buildup organic Practice Multi-Cropping to

farmers and gardeners can strive to avoid growing Prevent Pesticide Need
4
only one product
06/06/2024

Day – Plowing along contours and by planting hedges or Solutions to Soil Loss
trees for soil conservation
5
07/06/2024

Day – Transportation and

6 On this day collect problems accur while Trucking Problems
08/06/2024 Transportation

29
 WEEKLY REPORT

WEEK – From Dt:03/06/2024 To Dt: 08/06/2024

Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report: Collect details about benefits of organic farming on soil health,on health,on substainabilityand

on the Environment. know about organic pesticides that used for organic farming, I learnt some organic

Pesticides Are not safe for the crops. To prevent pest and disease buildup organic farmers and gardeners can

strive to avoid growing only one product.

The problem of soil erosion due to intensive farming can be prevented by:

*Plowing along contours and by planting hedges or trees for soil conservation suggests the 2015 The

Guardian article.

*Another solution would be to practice permaculture which advocates a no-till approach to farming

30
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIFTH WEEK
DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DAILY
& ACTIVITY LEARNING OUTCOME Person
DATE Incharge
Signature

On this day I collect future of the organic farming in Future of Organic

india and in other countries Farming in India
Day –
1
10/06/2024

Collected details about how the Organic farming in the Organic Farming in
Developing countries Developing Countries
Day -
2
11/06/2024

Day – The population of the planet is skyrocketing and Reasons For Organic Farming
providing food for the world is becoming extremely
3
difficult
12/06/2024

Day – On this day collect procedure for organic farming like Procedure for Organic Farming
how gather information,selcetion of crop and
4
mulching
13/06/2024

Day – With traditional farming, it’s a bit easier to plant a Crop planning
variety of crops, especially when you have plenty of
5
space. In an organic system, planning your crops is
14/06/2024
much more important to success

Day – Soil management

There is no one right way to cultivate the soil, but a
6 range of options. When going organic, be sure to learn
15/06/2024 more about good soil management practices for your
specific situation, crops, and location

31
 WEEKLY REPORT

WEEK – From Dt: 10/06/2024 To Dt: 15/06/2024

Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report: India is an agriculture-based country with 67% of its population and 55% of manpower

depending on farming and related activities. Agriculture fulfils the basic needs of India’s fastest-growing

population accounted for 30% of total income. Organic farming has been found to be an indigenous practice of

India that practised in countless rural and farming communities over the millennium. The arrival of modern

techniques and increased burden of population led to a propensity towards conventional farming that involves

the use of synthetic fertilizer, chemical pesticides, application of genetic modification techniques, etc

The population of the planet is skyrocketing and providing food for the world is becoming extremely difficult.

The need of the hour is sustainable cultivation and production of food for all.The Green Revolution and its.

chemical-based technology are losing its appeal as dividendsare falling and returns are unsustainable. Pollution

and climate change are other negative externalities caused by the use of fossil fuel based chemicals.

32
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SIXTH WEEK
DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DAILY
& ACTIVITY LEARNING OUTCOME Person
DATE Incharge
Signature

1.Protecting soil quality using organic material and Features of Organic Farming
encouraging biological activity
Day –
17/06/2024 2.Indirect provision of crop nutrients using soil
microorganism.

For a lot of us, water management is a big reason Water management

why we go organic. Scarcity of water is an issue
Day - around the world, so the more efficiently we use
2 it the better.
18/06/2024

Day – The conversion from a conventional to an organic ANALYSIS OF THE

system requires a transitory period, where the organic LOCATION
3
practices are applied progressively following an
19/06/2024
organized plan

Day – Naturally derived insecticides allowed for use on Controlling organisms

organic farms include Bacillus thuringiensis (a bacterial
4
toxin), pyrethrum (a chrysanthemum extract), spinosad
20/06/2024
(a bacterial metabolite), neem (a tree extract) and
rotenone (a legume root extract)

Day – size, plots and crops distribution, which kind of crops, Farm characteristics
trees, animals are integrated in the farm system
5
21/06/2024

Day – Climate
6 rainfall distribution and quantity, temperatures, frost
22/06/2024 risks, humidity.

33
 WEEKLY REPORT

WEEK – From Dt: 17/06/2024 To Dt: 22/06/2024

Detailed Report:

The first step is to review the situation and understand what exact considerations, unique to the situation,

need to be accounted for. These include:

*High-input farms - if you are relying on a lot of external inputs, consider how you can shift these
to
a more natural, self-sustaining farm system

*Low-input farms - if you are already using natural inputs and recycling, you need to review these

practices and look to create a formal process or system to improve the efficiency and productivity of your actions.

ANALYSIS OF THE LOCATION:

The conversion from a conventional to an organic system requires a transitory period, where the organic practices
are applied progressively following an organized plan. During this period it is important to analyse carefully the

actual situation of the farm and identify the actions to be taken (Florez, 2003). The analysis of the farm must
include :
1. Farm characteristics: size, plots and crops distribution, which kind of crops, trees, animals are integrated in the

farm system.

2. Soil Analysis: an evaluation of the soil structure, nutrient levels, organic matter content, erosion level, and/or

the soil have been contaminated.

3. Climate: rainfall distribution and quantity, temperatures, frost risks, humidity.

34
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SEVENTH WEEK
DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DAILY Person
& ACTIVITY LEARNING OUTCOME Incharge
DATE Signature

I find that In organic farming synthetic pesticides are Fertilizers

generally prohibited. A chemical is said to be synthetic
Day – if it does not already exist in the natural world. But the
1 organic label goes further and usually prohibit
24/06/2024 compounds that exist in nature if they are produced by
chemical synthesis.

I collect that The majority of intensively managed Farm with High External Input
farms in Africa, Latin America and Asia that strongly Use
Day - rely on external inputs are larger farms. Such farms
2 mostly grow a few annual or perennial cash crops
25/06/2024 relying heavily on the use of fertilizers for plant
nutrition and pesticides and herbicides for pest, disease
and weed control. On such farms crops are often grown
without a planned rotation and farm animals are not
integrated into the nutrient cycle

Day – I know that Farmers working with little external inputs Farm with Low External Input
based on traditional practices may grow many different Use
3
26/06/2024 crops in a densely mixed system on the same piece of
land changing crops randomly. A few livestock such as
chickens, pigs, cattle and/or goats may be kept, which
scatter the manure in their feeding places, hence
providing very little manure for the gardens

Day – On mixed farms, crops and farm animals may be Mixed Farm
integrated, whereby the animal manure is collected and
4
used in the gardens after having kept it for a few weeks
27/06/2024
to rot. Some soil conservation measures may be
implemented, such as mulching in perennial crops and
trenches to reduce erosion

Day – On this day I found what are the advantages of the Advantages
organic farming thorough the farmers and on the field
5
survey
28/06/2024

Day – On this day I found what are the Disadvantages of the Disadvantages
6 organic farming thorough the farmers and on the field
29/06/2024 survey

35
 WEEKLY REPORT

WEEK – From Dt: 24/06/2024 To Dt: 29/06/2024

Detailed Report:

FARM RELATED CHALLENGES TO CONVERSION:.

1.FARMS WITH HIGH EXTERNAL INPUT USE: The majority of intensively managed farms in Africa, Latin

America and Asia that strongly rely on external inputs are larger farms. Such farms mostly grow a few annual or

perennial cash crops relying heavily on the use of fertilizers for plant nutrition and pesticides and herbicides for

pest, disease and weed control. On such farms crops are often grown without a planned rotation and farm

animals are not integrated into the nutrient cycle

2. FARM WITH LOW EXTERNAL INPUT USE: Farmers working with little external inputs based on

traditional practices may grow many different crops in a densely mixed system on the same piece of land

changing crops randomly. A few livestock such as chickens, pigs, cattle and/or goats may be kept, which scatter

the manure in their feeding places, hence providing very little manure for the gardens. The trees may be

extensively cut for firewood and charcoal burning. Bush and trash burning may be a common practise especially
during land preparation.
3.MIXED FARM: On mixed farms, crops and farm animals may be integrated, whereby the animal manure is

collected and used in the gardens after having kept it for a few weeks to rot. Some soil conservation measures

may be implemented, such as mulching in perennial crops and trenches to reduce erosion. Occasionally

herbicides, pesticides and treated seeds may be used to control weeds in fruit and vegetable production.

36
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE EIGHTH WEEK
DAY BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DAILY Person
& ACTIVITY LEARNING OUTCOME Incharge
DATE Signature

On this day I prepared Questions for the Survey on the questionnaire

Organic Farming
Day –
1
01/07/2024

On this day describe the problems i have identified in Problems Identification

the community
Day -
2
02/07/2024

Day – On this I have worked on Water Pollution as a Miniproject on Water Pollution

miniproject And conduct survey in my village.
3
03/07/2024

Day – On this I studied how to control water pollution and

what precaution we take Control of Water Pollution
4
04/07/2024

Day –
The study brings out a clear picture on Organic
5
Farming. It also highlights what are the importance and Conclusion
05/07/2024
necessity of Organic Farming

Day –
Self-Evaluation
6
06/07/2024 On this day I self -evaluate on the community servce
project

37
 WEEKLY REPORT

WEEK – From Dt: 01/07/2024 To Dt: 06/07/2024

Objective of the Activity Done: Water pollution

Detailed Report: After completing project on Water Pollution, I will be able to:

 list earth’s water resources;.

 define water pollution and its different parameters;

 list the major types of water pollutants, their sources and effects;

 distinguish between natural and man -made pollutants;

 use the concept of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and account for the changes in a water body;

 state methods for the prevention of water pollution;

 compare primary, secondary and tertiary treatment of sewage and

 know necessary legislative measures for prevention of water pollution in the country.

38
CHAPTER 5: OUTCOMES DESCRIPTION

Details of the Socio-Economic Survey of the Village/Habitation. Attach the

questionnaire prepared for the survey.

1. How do you preserve soil fertility?

2. In case fertilizers are applied, what kinds do you use?

3. How do you control pests and diseases?

4. What are the nutrient levels in each fields?

5. What are the different methods of natural farming/organic farming?

6. What are subsidies that are provided by the government?Are the subsidies
reachable to you?

7. How do you control weeds?

8. Is there any difference in yield when compared with the production of using
organic and chemical fertilizers?

9. What kind of pests will you find in your fields?

10. What are the components of jeevamrutham that is being used?

11. How many days will it take to prepare the vermin-compost?

12. How much profit will you gain per acre?

13. Which farming (organic or chemical) gives more profits?

14. What are the major steps to be taken by the government to increase the
percentage of organic farming?

39
Describe the problems you have identified in the community

I and our team members have observed many problems in organic farming. We
have observed many difficulties that are being faced by the farmers. Some of
them are:
• Lack of Awareness: There is no proper awareness for the farmers about the
subsidies that are provided by the government. Many of the farmers who are
shifted to organic farming don’t have proper awareness about the diseases.

• High Input Costs: The small and marginal farmers in India have been
practicing a sort of organic farming in the form of the traditional farming
system. However, now the costs of the organic inputs are higher than those of
industrially produced chemical fertilizers and pesticides including other inputs
used in the conventional farming system.

• Shortage of Bio-mass: Many experts and well informed farmers are not sure
whether all the nutrients with the required quantities can be made available by
the organic materials. Even if this problem can be surmounted, they are of the
view that the available organic matter is not simply enough to meet the
requirements.

• Output Marketing Problems: It is found that before the beginning of the

cultivation of organic crops, their marketability and that too at a premium over
the conventional produce has to be assured. Inability to obtain a premium price,
at least during the period required to achieve the productivity levels of the
conventional crop will be a setback.

• Marketing Problems of Organic Inputs: There is a lack of marketing and

distribution network for them because the retailers are not interested to deal in
these products, as the demand is low. The erratic supplies and the low level of
awareness of the cultivators also add to the problem.

• Low Yields: In many cases the farmers experience some loss in yields on
discarding synthetic inputs on conversion of their farming method from
conventional to organic.

• Less Use of Modern Farming Equipment: In most areas, to date, farmers

follow primitive cultivation methods; traditionally-used plough and relevant
native accessories continue to be farmers preference. Despite no shortage of
efficient equipment and machinery, there’s very little use of modern equipment,
majorly because most farmers don’t have lands huge enough to use advanced
instruments, heavy machinery.
40
• Poor Storage Facilities: In some areas storage facilities are either
insufficient or completely absent. In such a situation, farmers usually have no
other option than selling their produce immediately once it’s ready, at market
prices that are often very low. They are far away from a legitimate income.

• Transportation Problems: Lack of cheap, efficient means of transportation

is a big problem widely seen in the Indian agriculture sector; small farmers still
rely on bullock-carts for transporting their produce. Moreover, lakhs of villages
are connected with highways and market centres with temporary roads that
become muddy and useless in rains. Consequently, farmers cannot deliver their
produce to the central market and helplessly sell it in the local market at low
costs.

• High Interest Rates: Thousands of farmers take their lives each year due to
debt burden.Unreasonably-high interest rates should be declared illegal, and the
government must take quick, strict, and appropriate action against greedy
money lenders. Another problem is small and marginal farmers have to go
through cumbersome procedures to get institutional credit .

41
Short-term and long-term action plan for possible solutions for the
problems identified and that could be recommended to the concerned
authorities for implementation.

Possible Solutions to These Problems:

1. Multiple Crops: For better yield and profitable results, farmers are advised
to cultivate multiple crops, including Apple, Pineapple, Papaya, Banana,
Coconut, Ginger, Turmeric, and many others.

2. Modernisation in Agriculture (agriculture app): If we encourage youth

for farming and related occupation, this sector will definitely boom. They
already have basic institutional education and knowledge; they can learn and
grow quickly. For instance, almost all of them have smartphones; by using a
modern agriculture app, they can perform well in farms. Besides, introducing
modern technology and passing advanced equipment to small farmers will help
boost efficiency, productivity, and quality.

3. Farmers’ Education is Vital: Many farmers are unaware of crop rotation.

Education is pretty much improved in urban areas, but the govt has overlooked
the need for the same in rural areas, particularly in the overall agriculture
sector. This is the reason why farmers remain unaware of several government-
provided schemes and their benefits.

4. The Requirement for Crop Insurance: Crop insurance is essential but

easy, quick settlement of claims is vital. There’s a need for transparent index-
based insurance that treats policyholders equally within a defined geographical
area. Index-based insurance system has low operational and transnational costs
and ensures quicker payouts.

5. Better Water Management: Water resources can be fully utilised through

interstate coordination on water management; water can easily be delivered to
the areas where it is most required. Connecting the rivers and constructing
national waterways/channels will solve water supply problems and improve
irrigation facility, helping farmers in case monsoon fails.

42
Report of the mini-project work done in the related subject w.r.t the
habitation/village.

Water pollution
Water pollution (or aquatic pollution) is the contamination of water bodies, with a
negative impact on their uses. It is usually a result of human activities. Water bodies
include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs and groundwater. Water pollution results
when contaminants mix with these water bodies. Contaminants can come from one of four
main sources. These are sewage discharges, industrial activities, agricultural activities, and
urban runoff including stormwater. Water pollution may affect either surface
water or groundwater. This form of pollution can lead to many problems. One is
the degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Another is spreading water-borne diseases when
people use polluted water for drinking or irrigation. Water pollution also reduces
the ecosystem services such as drinking water provided by the water resource.

Sources of water pollution are either point sources or non-point sources. Point sources have
one identifiable cause, such as a storm drain, a wastewater treatment plant or an oil spill.
Non-point sources are more diffuse. An example is agricultural runoff. Pollution is the result
of the cumulative effect over time. Pollution may take many forms. One would is toxic
substances such as oil, metals, plastics, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, and
industrial waste products. Another is stressful conditions such as changes of pH, hypoxia or
anoxia, increased temperatures, excessive turbidity, or changes of salinity). The introduction
of pathogenic organisms is another. Contaminants may
include organic and inorganic substances. A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of
water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers.

Control of water pollution requires appropriate infrastructure and management plans as well
as legislation. Technology solutions can include improving sanitation, sewage
treatment, industrial wastewater treatment, agricultural wastewater treatment, erosion
control, sediment control and control of urban runoff (including stormwater management).

43
Definition:
A practical definition of water pollution is: "Water pollution is the addition of substances or
energy forms that directly or indirectly alter the nature of the water body in such a manner
that negatively affects its legitimate uses." Water is typically referred to as polluted when it
is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants. Due to these contaminants, it either no longer
supports a certain human use, such as drinking water, or undergoes a marked shift in its
ability to support its biotic communities, such as fish.

Contaminants:
The following compounds can all reach water bodies via raw sewage or even
treated sewage discharges:

• Various chemical compounds found in personal hygiene and cosmetic products.

• Disinfection by-products found in chemically disinfected drinking water (whilst
these chemicals can be a pollutant in the water distribution network, they are
fairly volatile and therefore not usually found in environmental waters).
• Hormones (from animal husbandry and residue from human hormonal
contraception methods) and synthetic materials such as phthalates that mimic
hormones in their action. These can have adverse impacts even at very low
concentrations on the natural biota and potentially on humans if the water is
treated and utilized for drinking water.
• insecticides and herbicides, often from agricultural runoff.
• Pathogens like Hepatovirus A (HAV may be present in treated wastewater
outflows and receiving water bodies but is largely removed during further
treatment of drinking water)
Inadequately treated wastewater can convey nutrients, pathogens, heterogenous
suspended solids and organic fecal matter.

44
 Pollutants and their effects*

Main representative
Pollutant Possible effect of the pollutant
parameter

• Aesthetic problems
Suspended • Sludge deposits
Total suspended solids
solids • Pollutants adsorption
• Protection of pathogens

Biological oxygen • Oxygen consumption

Biodegradable
demand (BOD) • Death of fish
organic matter
• Septic conditions
• Excessive algae growth
• Toxicity to fish (ammonia)
• Nitrogen • Illnesses in new-born
Nutrients
• Phosphorus infants (blue baby
syndrome from nitrate)
• Pollution of groundwater
• Coliforms, such
as E. coli, may not
be pathogenic in and
of themselves, but
are used as an
Pathogens indicator of co- Waterborne diseases
occurring pathogens
that should take
slightly less time to
die or degrade
• Helminth eggs
• Toxicity (various)
Non- • Foam (detergents)
• Pesticides
biodegradable • Reduction of oxygen
• Some detergents
organic matter transfer (detergents)
• Others
• Non-biodegradability
• Bad odors (e.g.: phenols)
• Excessive salinity – harm
to plantations (irrigation)
Inorganic • Total dissolved
• Toxicity to plants (some
dissolved solids
ions)
solids • Conductivity
• Problems with soil
permeability (sodium)
* Sources of these pollutants are household and industrial wastewater, urban runoff and
stormwater drainage from agricultural areas

45
Types of surface water pollution
Surface water pollution includes pollution of rivers, lakes and oceans. A subset of surface
water pollution is marine pollution which affects the oceans. Nutrient pollution refers to
contamination by excessive inputs of nutrients.

Globally, about 4.5 billion people do not have safely managed sanitation as of 2017,
according to an estimate by the Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and
Sanitation. Lack of access to sanitation is concerning and often leads to water pollution, e.g.
via the practice of open defecation: during rain events or floods, the human feces are moved
from the ground where they were deposited into surface waters. Simple pit latrines may also
get flooded during rain events.

As of 2022, Europe and Central Asia account for around 16% of

global microplastics discharge into the seas, and although management of plastic waste
and its recycling is improving globally, the absolute amount of plastic pollution continues to
increase unabated due to the large amount of plastic that is being produced and disposed
of. Even if sea plastic pollution were to stop entirely, microplastic contamination of the
surface ocean would be projected to continue to increase.

Industrial wastewater:
Industrial processes that use water also produce wastewater. This is called industrial
wastewater. Using the US as an example, the main industrial consumers of water (using over
60% of the total consumption) are power plants, petroleum refineries, iron and steel mills,
pulp and paper mills, and food processing industries. Some industries discharge chemical
wastes, including solvents and heavy metals (which are toxic) and other harmful pollutants.

Industrial wastewater could add the following pollutants to receiving water bodies if the
wastewater is not treated and managed properly:

• Heavy metals, including mercury, lead, and chromium

• Organic matter and nutrients such as food waste: Certain industries (e.g. food
processing, slaughterhouse waste, paper fibers, plant material, etc.) discharge high
concentrations of BOD, ammonia nitrogen and oil and grease.
• Inorganic particles such as sand, grit, metal particles, rubber residues from
tires, ceramics, etc.;
46
 • Toxins such as pesticides, poisons, herbicides, etc.
• Pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupting compounds, hormones, perfluorinated
compounds, siloxanes, drugs of abuse and other hazardous substances
• Microplastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene beads, polyester and polyamide
• Thermal pollution from power stations and industrial manufacturers
• Radionuclides from uranium mining, processing nuclear fuel, operating nuclear reactors,
or disposal of radioactive waste.
• Some industrial discharges include persistent organic pollutants such as per- and
polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

Control and reduction

.One aspect of environmental protection are mandatory regulations but they are only part of the
solution. Other important tools in pollution control include environmental education, economic
instruments, market forces and stricter enforcements. Standards can be "precise" (for a defined
quantifiable minimum or maximum value for a pollutant), or "imprecise" which would require the
use of Best available technology (BAT) or Best practicable environmental option (BPEO). Market-
based economic instruments for pollution control can include: charges, subsidies, deposit or refund
schemes, the creation of a market in pollution credits, and enforcement incentives.[85]

Moving towards a holistic approach in chemical pollution control combines the following
approaches: Integrated control measures, trans-boundary considerations, complementary and
supplementary control measures, life-cycle considerations, the impacts of chemical
mixtures.[85]

Control of water pollution requires appropriate infrastructure and management plans. The
infrastructure may include wastewater treatment plants, for example sewage treatment plants
and industrial wastewater treatment plants. Agricultural wastewater treatment for farms,
and erosion control at construction sites can also help prevent water pollution. Effective
control of urban runoff includes reducing speed and quantity of flow.

Water pollution requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water resource policy at all
levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells).

47
Industrial wastewater treatment:

Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that
is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial
wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface
water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated
in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical
and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so
that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations
regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans. This applies to
industries that generate wastewater with high concentrations of organic matter (e.g. oil and
grease), toxic pollutants (e.g. heavy metals, volatile organic compounds) or nutrients such
as ammonia. Some industries install a pre-treatment system to remove some pollutants (e.g.,
toxic compounds), and then discharge the partially treated wastewater to the municipal
sewer system.

Most industries produce some wastewater. Recent trends have been to minimize such
production or to recycle treated wastewater within the production process. Some industries
have been successful at redesigning their manufacturing processes to reduce or eliminate
pollutants. Sources of industrial wastewater include battery manufacturing, chemical
manufacturing, electric power plants, food industry, iron and steel industry, metal working,
mines and quarries, nuclear industry, oil and gas extraction, petroleum
refining and petrochemicals, pharmaceutical manufacturing, pulp and paper industry,
smelters, textile mills, industrial oil contamination, water treatment and wood preserving.
Treatment processes include brine treatment, solids removal (e.g. chemical precipitation,
filtration), oils and grease removal, removal of biodegradable organics, removal of other
organics, removal of acids and alkalis, and removal of toxic materials.

48
 CHAPTER 6:
RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
OF THE MINI PROJECT

Organic farming is a major step to increase the soil fertility. It also helps in reducing the soil
pollution. The results showed that on the short term a diversification of the rotation may
economically be less attractive. However, the experimental period allowed only some part of
organic phase to be studied. Ideally, the experiments should be continued in order to access
the possible farming phase.

Organic farming yields more nutritious and safe food. The popularity of organic food is
growing dramatically as consumer seeks the organic foods that are thought to be healthier
and safer. Thus, organic food perhaps ensures food safety from farm to plate. The organic
farming process is more eco-friendly than conventional farming. Organic farming keeps soil
healthy and maintains environment integrity thereby, promoting the health of consumers.
Moreover, the organic produce market is now the fastest growing market all over the world
including India. Organic agriculture promotes the health of consumers of a nation, the
ecological health of a nation, and the economic growth of a nation by income generation
holistically. India, at present, is the world’s largest organic producers and with this vision,
we can conclude that encouraging organic farming in India can build a nutritionally,
ecologically, and economically healthy nation in near future.

The phenomenon of ‘Organic agriculture’ is the only solution to nurture the land and to
regenerate the soil by going back to our traditional method of farming i.e., free from
chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers. This is a possible step for sustainable development by
choosing not to use chemicals, synthetic materials, pesticides and growth hormones to
produce high nutritional quality food and in adequate quantities. Organic farming is an
option agricultural system which quickly changes farming rehearsals. It depends on
composts of natural starting points, for example, fertilizer excrement, green excrement, and
bone feast and so forth substantially more than deciding not to utilize pesticides, fertilizers.

Organic farming yields more nutritious and safe food. The popularity of organic food is
growing dramatically as consumer seeks the organic foods that are thought to be healthier
and safer. Thus, organic food perhaps ensures food safety from farm to plate. The organic
farming process is more eco-friendly than conventional farming.

49
50
51
PHOTOS AND VIDEO LINKS

52
53
54
55