PC301MN

DEVELOPMENT OF MINERAL DEPOSITS

Instruction 3 periods per week
Duration of Semester End Examination 3 hours
CIE 30 marks
SEE 70 marks
Credits 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 To explain the importance of mining in national economy, understand the
terminology associated in mining engineering and be familiar with open cast and
underground mining, special methods, introduction to drilling and other cycle of
mining operations.
2 To teach classification of mining methods, opening of mineral deposits, selection of
entries – shaft, incline & adit, etc.
3 To make familiarise with shaft sinking operations, surface arrangements, cycle of
shaft sinking operations, special methods of shaft sinking, widening and deepening of
shafts, design of shaft insets and pit bottoms.
4 To provide knowledge in development of underground workings such as drifts,
inclines, crosscuts, raises by conventional and mechanised operations, cycle of
mining operations, drill hole and blast design patterns, etc.
5 To illustrate the modern technologies for mine development like drill jumbos,
mechanised loading and transportation equipment, road headers, TBM, mechanised
shaft sinking and related aspects.

COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of the course the student will be able to
CO-1 Understand the role of mining engineers in the mineral industry, terms used in
mining, open cast and underground mining, basic principles, etc.
CO-2 Recognise the classification of mining methods, various types of access to
deposites such as incline, shaft, adits, their application, merits and demerits.
CO-3 Know about ordinary shaft sinking operations, different types of lining methods,
special methods of shaft sinking, deepening and widening of shafts, shaft insets
and pit bottoms.
CO-4 Assimilate the knowledge on development of underground workings such as
inclines, drifts, crosscuts, raises by conventional and mechanised methods, drill
hole patterns and blast design.
CO-5 Discover the knowledge on various modern technologies for mine development
such as drill jumbos, loading and transportation equipment, road headers, TBM,
etc.
UNIT-I: INTRODUCTION
Historical overview of Mining, role of Mining Industry in the modern world and
contribution to national economy, role of Mining Engineers in industry, sustainable mining
operations with optimized and efficient mining. Classification of mineral deposits, shapes
of mineral deposits, Different types of mining opencast and underground mining, special
methods such as borehole mining - water/ natural gas / oil, leaching, Hydraulic mining,
slurry mining, solution mining, nuclear mining, deep mining, VCR mining, underground
coal versus metal mining, their comparison. Stages in the life of a mine-prospecting,
exploration, development, exploitation and reclamation.
Introduction to drilling (exploratory and production), explosives, accessories, various
activities of mining like, breaking, loading, transport, planning, ventilation, surveying,
stowing, reclamation, adverse impacts of mining, norms of various statutory associated
with mining. .

UNIT-II: MINE ENTRIES (ACCESS TO MINERAL DEPOSITS)

Knowledge about deposit through exploration. Classification of mining methods and their
selection criteria. Scheme of mining. Opening up of deposits: Types, size and location of
entries into underground coal and other minerals. Selection criteria of mode of entry
between shaft, Incline and Adit. Preliminary investigations about strata for making entry
and equipment.

UNIT -III: SHAFT SINKING

Location, shape and size of incline and vertical shafts. Surface arrangements for sinking
shafts, tools and equipments, ordinary methods of sinking shaft, drilling & blasting,
removal of debris and water, temporary and permanent lining, ventilation and lighting,
widening and deepening of shafts.
Special Methods of Shaft Sinking: Pilling , Caisson , Freezing and Cementation methods.
Modern techniques of shaft sinking and shaft boring. Design of shafts insets
and pit bottoms.

UNIT -IV: DEVELOPMENT OF WORKINGS

A: Drivage of inclines, drifts, cross cuts and raises by conventional and mechanized
methods, cycle of operations, Drilling patterns and blast design parameters for
underground coal mines and hard rock mines, pull and progress, calculation of OMS,
arrangements for loading, support, transportation, ventilation, lighting, and drainage.

UNIT -V: MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINE DEVELOPMENT

Modern drill jambos, modern loading and transporting equipment for development of
drivages, Road headers, Continuous Miners, Tunnel boring machine and its application,
Mechanized methods of shaft sinking. Drop rising. Risk to health and safety of workmen,
rescue, and first aid.
 TEXT BOOKS/ REFERENCES:
1 Introductory mining engineering-, Howard L.Hartman, Jan M.Mutmansky/
wileyIndia (P) Ltd
2 Elements of mining technology Vol-I - D.J. Deshmukh /Denett&Company
3 Roy Piyush Pal, Blasting in ground excavations and mines, Oxford and IBH, 1st ed
1993
4 C.P. Chugh, Drilling technology handbook, Oxford and IBH, 1sted,1977
5 Deshmukh, D.J., Elements of Mining Technology, vol. I 1994
6 Hartman H.L., Introductory Mining Engineering, Wiley Interscience, New York,
1987.
7 Mishra, G.B, Surface Mining Dhanbad Publishers, Dhanbad, 1994.
8 SK Das, Surface Mining Technology, 2008.
9 Deshmukh, D.J., Elements of Mining Technology, Vol. II, 1994.

E RESOURCES:
1. https://www.nap.edu/read/10318/chapter/5#23
2. http://www.alta.eu/commodities/mining-technology/surface-mining/long-distance-
beltconveyors/
3. Indian Mining Journal