NAME: Muhammad Rasheed

ARID NO:18-ARID-2162
SECTION: "D"

MECHANISM OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE

IN CROP PLANTS

DROUGHT:
A drought or drouth is an event of prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether
atmospheric (below-average precipitation), surface water or ground water. A drought can
last for months or years, or may be declared after as few as 15 days

DROUGHT TOLERANCE:
Drought tolerance is the ability to which a plant maintains its biomass production during arid
or drought conditions. Some plants are naturally adapted to dry conditions, surviving with
protection mechanisms such as desiccation tolerance, detoxification, or repair of xylem
embolism.

HOW CROP PLANT TOLERATE DROUGHT CONDITION.?

GENERAL MECHANISM OF DROUGHT RESPONSE IN CROP PLANT.
Explanation:
Plants often encounter unfavorable environmental conditions because of their sessile
lifestyle. These adverse factors greatly affect the geographic distribution of plants, as well as
their growth and productivity.
Drought stress is one of the premier limitations to global agricultural production due to the
complexity of the water-limiting environment and changing climate.
Plants have evolved a series of mechanisms at the morphological, physiological,
biochemical, cellular, and molecular levels to overcome water deficit or drought stress
conditions.
The drought resistance of plants can be divided into four basic types-drought avoidance,
drought tolerance, drought escape, and drought recovery. Various drought-related traits,
including root traits, leaf traits, osmotic adjustment capabilities, water potential, ABA content,
and stability of the cell membrane, have been used as indicators to evaluate the drought
resistance of plants.
In the last decade, scientists have investigated the genetic and molecular mechanisms of
drought resistance to enhance the drought resistance of various crops, and significant
progress has been made with regard to drought avoidance and drought tolerance. With
increasing knowledge to comprehensively decipher the complicated mechanisms of drought
resistance in model plants, it still remains an enormous challenge to develop water-saving
and drought-resistant crops to cope with the water shortage and increasing demand for food
production in the future
.
MECHANISM:
Drought resistance is divoded into following type
1:Drought avoidance
2:Drought tolerance
3:Drought escape
4Drought recovery
EXPLANATION:

1.DROUGHT AVOIDANCE:
Drought avoidance' is the ability of plants to maintain (relatively) higher tissue water content
despite reduced water content in the soil .This is achieved through a variety of adaptive traits
involving the minimization of water loss (water savers) and optimization of water uptake
(water spenders)
2.DROUGHT TOLERANCE:
Drought tolerance is the ability to which a plant maintains its biomass production during arid
or drought conditions. Some plants are naturally adapted to dry conditions, surviving with
protection mechanisms such as desiccation tolerance, detoxification, or repair of xylem
embolism.
3.DROUGHT ESCAPE:
Drought escape is a classical adaptive mechanism which involves rapid plant development
to enable the completion of the full life-cycle prior to a coming drought event. This strategy is
widely used in populations of native plants, and is also applicable to cereal crops such as
wheat.
4.DROUGHT RECOVERY:
Drought recovery, they said, means an ecosystem fully recovers to its pre-drought
productivity. Plants can suffer long-term, even permanent damage from droughts. "Plants
can be irreversibly damaged during drought stress,"