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Various Approaches For Cloud Computing
Various Approaches For Cloud Computing
Kapil Tomar Department of Information Technology IIMT Engineering College at Meerut UPTU, Lucknow, UP, INDIA kkapiltomar@gmail.com Ravikant Assistant Professor IIMT Engineering College at Meerut UPTU, Lucknow, UP, INDIA
Abstract
Cloud computing provides alternatives to the information technology departments for computation at improved flexibility and lower cost. These services are readily accessible on a pay-per-use basis and offer great alternatives to businesses that need the flexibility to rent infrastructure on a temporary basis or to reduce capital costs. Cloud Computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the Internet and the hardware and systems software in the datacenters that provide those services. In this paper we present an overview of the cloud computing, various categories of cloud currently in use or emerging in the near future i.e. public clouds, private clouds and hybrid clouds. We also present architectural considerations of clouds namely Cisco cloud reference architecture, enterprise private cloud architecture by Oracle, and enterprise public cloud architecture by Infosys.
1. Introduction
Cloud Computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the Internet and the hardware and systems software in the datacenters that provide those services. The services themselves have long been referred to as Software as a Service (SaaS), [1]. The datacenter hardware and software is called a Cloud. When a Cloud is made available in a pay-as-you-go manner to the public, we call it a Public Cloud; the service being sold is Utility Computing [1]. Current examples of public Utility Computing include AmazonWeb Services, Google AppEngine , and Microsoft Azure. The term Private Cloud is used to refer to internal datacenters of a business or other organization that are not made available to the public. Thus, Cloud Computing is the sum of SaaS and Utility Computing, but does not normally include Private Clouds [1]. Service providers enjoy greatly simplified software installation and maintenance and centralized control over versioning; end users can access the service anytime, anywhere, share data and collaborate more easily, and keep their data stored safely in the infrastructure. Cloud Computing does not change these arguments, but it does give more application providers the choice of deploying their product as SaaS without provisioning a datacenter. Cloud Computing allows deploying SaaS and scaling on demand, without building or provisioning a datacenter. Cloud is designed to be available everywhere, all the time. By using redundancy and geo replication, cloud is so designed that services be available even during hardware failures including full data center failures [1]. IT resources and services that are abstracted from the underlying infrastructure and provided on-demand and at scale in a multitenant environment [3]. Here on-demand means that resources can be provisioned immediately when needed, released when no longer required, and billed only when used. At-scale means the service provides the illusion of infinite resource availability in order to meet whatever demands are made of it.And Multitenant environment means that the resources are provided to many consumers from a single implementation, saving the provider significant costs [3]. In the Cisco point of view [3], all three attributes are required to be considered as a cloud service. Other point to note is that the physical location of resources (On-premise or off-premise) is not a part of the definition. Now we presents various categories of clouds.
with configuration repository enablers. The configuration repository stores key information such as service catalogue, asset inventory, and resource-to-service mappings. This layer is an important layer because it maps the technology components to the service components and serves as a reference point during service provisioning. The service orchestration layer is the glue that integrates the lower layers to create a service for delivery. The next layer is also where infrastructure and service management function take place. The topmost layer is the consumer-facing layer, usually exposed via a portal-like solution. This is the layer where service is defined, requested, and managed by the consumer [3].A use case scenario where this framework is utilized is as follows [3]. i. Consumer logs on to a cloud portal and verifies/updates credentials and information. ii. Based on the consumer entitlement, a selected a set of services are identified and presented for definition. iii. The end-user selects the service for consumptions and triggers a service provisioning request. iv. Resources are marked as reserved for service, and a new request is created for services provisioning. v. The individual domains of compute, network, and storage are configured and provisioned, with requested security and service-level agreements (SLAs), for service delivery. Hence, this framework provides a working structure to create, define, orchestrate, and delivery IT service via a cloud. Cisco provides not only this framework, but also key solutions to deliver cloud services.
WebEx, Salesforce.com, Microsoft, Oracle, Netsuite and Google are well known SaaS providers [6].
Reliability and Performance: Performance and availability of the applications are important criteria
defining the success of an enterprises business. However, the fact that organizations lose control over IT environment and important success metrics like performance and reliability, and dependent on factors outside the control of the IT organizations make it dangerous for some mission critical applications [2]. Vender Lock-in: Cloud computing services offered by different vendors are not governed by any standards as of today. Depending on the vendor. The applications have to undergo changes to adapt to the service. Leveraging Existing Investment: Most large organizations that have already invested in their own data centers would see a need to leverage those investments as an important criterion in adopting cloud computing. Corporate Governance and Auditing: Performance governance and auditing activities with the corporate data abstracted in the public cloud poses challenges that are yet to be addressed. Maturity of the Solutions: Some of the PaaS offering like AppEngine offer limited capabilities like only a subset of JDO API.
stack with the various layers and various components needed for managing the cloud, developing and deploying enterprise application and maintaining the applications using the cloud computing environment. The cloud computing stack fig 4consists three layers i.e. Cloud Application Layer, Cloud Plateform Layer and Cloud Infrastructure Layer. The Cloud Application Layer consists of SaaS applications developed using the cloud platform services like CRM SaaS Application, Financial Service Application, Healthcare Service Application, Community Portal etc [2]. The Cloud Platform Layer provide the specialized frameworks like a multi-tenant web framework for developing web based applications, analytics and batch frameworks based on Map Reduce algorithms, cloud based social commerce framework, etc [6]. The Cloud Infrastructure Layer provides the core middle ware capabilities like compute, storage, data stores, messaging, etc., as on demand services. These use the infrastructure from public and private clouds and provide abstractions for the platform and application services.
4. Conclusion
Cloud computing offers real alternatives to IT departments for improved flexibility and lower cost. Markets are developing for the delivery of software applications, platforms, and infrastructure as a service to IT departments over the cloud. These services are readily accessible on a pay-per-use basis and offer great alternatives to businesses that need the flexibility to rent infrastructure on a temporary basis or to reduce capital costs. Architects in larger enterprises find that it may still be more cost effective to provide the desired services in-house in the form of private clouds to minimize cost and maximize compatibility with internal standards and regulations. If so, there are several options for future-state systems and technical architectures that architects should consider to find the right trade-off between cost and flexibility. Any architectural framework will help architects evaluate these trade-offs within the context of the business architecture and design a system that accomplishes the business goal. We can customize the above architectures according to our organization / customers needs, so that enterprise architects can help the customers to discover a cloud roadmap that works for them.
References
1. Rahul Bakshi, Deepak John, Cloud Computing : Pinnacle of IT Infrastructure Democratization, SET Labs Briefings Advisory Board, A White Paper, Vol 7, Nov 2009,www.infosys.com/research/publications/Documents/cloud-computing.pdf 2. Shyam Kumar Doddavula and Amit Wasudeo Gawande, Adopting Cloud Computing Enterprise Private Cloud, Vol 7 Nov 2009, http://www.infosys.com/research/publications/setlabs-briefings/Documents/cloudcomputingenterprise- private-clouds.pdf 3. Cisco Cloud Computing Data Center Strategy, Architecture and Solutions, Point of View, Cisco System, Inc., 2009, White Paper For US Public Sector http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/docs/gov/CiscoCloudComputing_WP.pdf 4. Michael Armbrust, Armando Fox, Rean Griffith, Anthony D. Joseph, Randy Katz, Andy Konwinski, Gunho Lee, David Patterson, Ariel Rabkin, Ion Stoica, and Matei Zaharia, February 10, 2009, Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing, UC Berkeley Reliable Adaptive Distributed Systems Laboratory, http://radlab.cs.berkeley.edu 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing 6. Oracle White Paper in Enterprise Architecture, Architectural Strategies for Cloud Computing, August 2009, www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/entarch/index.html.