MATH1020U: Chapter 5 1

MULTIPLE INTEGRATION

Double Integrals over Rectangular Regions (Section 5.1; Book 3)

Recall: In Calc I/Intro Calc, we were interested in finding the area under a curve, and we
approximated this with a sum of rectangles.

Area of one rectangle (height × base):

Add up the rectangles:

Consider lots of thin rectangles:

Question: How can we extend this concept to find the volume under a surface?

Volume of one rectangular column (height × area of base):

Add up the rectangular columns:

Consider lots of thin rectangular columns:

Let’s explore this graphically:

Definition: The double integral of f over the rectangle R is

if this limit exists.

MATH1020U: Chapter 5 2

Recall: Previously, we used the left and right endpoints to find these approximations.
Does this work here?

Example: Find an approx to the volume under on the interval to

and to with and using lower right endpoints.

Question: What about the other methods we had for numerically approximating definite
integrals?

We’ll focus on midpoint rule only!

Midpoint Rule for Double Integrals:

where is the midpoint of and is the midpoint of .

Example: Find an approx. to the volume under on the interval to

and to with and using midpoint rule.
MATH1020U: Chapter 5 3

Question: In Calc I/Intro Calc, we found that it was difficult to evaluate most definite
integrals using Riemann sums, but that FTC made it easy. How can we extend this to
3-d? Can we hold one variable constant as we did when we found partial derivatives?

Notation: is called an iterated integral.

Example:

Fubini’s Theorem: If f is continuous on the rectangle ,

then

Example:

Theorem: If ,

then
MATH1020U: Chapter 5 4

Example:

Properties of Double Integrals:

where c is a constant

If for all in R, then

Recall: Finally, we had also studied the average value of a function in Calculus I. This

was given by

Definition: The average value of a function f of two variables defined on a rectangle R

is given by:
MATH1020U: Chapter 5 5

Application: If models the amount of people that are infected with

the flu (in thousands) on a given day in a particular region (we’re measuring space
measured relative to some origin point), find the average number of people infected in the
region to and to .

Exercise: Find the average value of on .

[Answer: ]