Anglo-Chinese School (Independent)

Simple Inequalities & Simultaneous Linear Equations

Simple Inequalities

1. Solve the following inequalities and represent each solution on a number line.

(a) 2x + 7 > 11 (b) - 2x + 7 > 11

(c) 2x – 7  11 (d) 3(2 – x)  - 9

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2. Find the largest integer value of x for which 2x – 5 < 14. What if x is also a prime
number?
Justify your answers.

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3. Given that 2  x  6 and – 3  y  3, find the

(a) greatest and least possible value of 3x – y,

2y
(b) greatest and least possible value of ,
x

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 (c) greatest possible value of xy2,

1
(d) least possible value of +y .
x

4. A fruit seller bought a case of 136 oranges for $25.40. If he sells each orange for 35
cents,
what is the least number of oranges that he must sell to make a profit of not less
than $8? Explain your answer.

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5. A Year 2 student scored 70 marks and 76 marks in his Mathematics and Physical
Science
tests respectively. What is the mark he must at least score in his Life Sciences test
if an average mark of 75 or more in the 3 tests qualifies him for Triple
Sciences stream? Justify your answer by solving an inequality.

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 Anglo-Chinese School (Independent)

Year 2 (2023) IP Enriched Mathematics

Topic 4: Simple Inequalities & Simultaneous Equations

Assignment 4A – Simple Inequalities

Name: ( ) Grade:

Class: Date:

1. Solve the following inequalities. Represent each solution on a number line.

(a) x – 3  13 – 3x,

(b) 5 – 3x  – 3 – x.

2. Solve the following inequalities.

2x + 1 5 − 4x
(a)  ,
2 3

(b) 0.3(x – 1) > 0.7(2x – 3).

3. Given that 25 – 3x < 11, find

(i) the least integer value of x,

(ii) the least prime number x. Justify your answers for (i) and (ii).

4. Given that 5  x  7 and 6.5  y  9.5, calculate the smallest and largest values of
x
(i) xy (ii)
y
5. Amy and her younger sister, Wendy, want to buy a present for their mother. Amy agrees
to pay $4 more than Wendy. If the present does not cost more than $30, what is the
greatest possible amount($x) paid by Amy? Show your solution by forming and solving
an inequality in x.

6. The length of a rectangle is twice its width, x cm. Given that the perimeter is less than
120 cm and x is an integer, form an inequality in x and hence solve it to find its greatest
possible area.
Answers:
18 10 14
1a) x  4 1b) x  4 2a) x  0.5 2b) x < 3i) 5 3ii) 5 4i) 32.5; 66.5 4ii) ; 5) $17 6) 722 cm2
11 19 13

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1. e = 3, f =
Anglo-Chinese School (Independent)

Year 2 (2023) IP Enriched Mathematics

Topic 4: Simple Inequalities & Simultaneous Equations

Exploratory Activity

Word problem encountered in Primary 6

7 cups of coffee and 4 pieces of cake cost $5.30 while 5 cups of coffee and 2 pieces of cake cost
$3.40. Find the cost of one cup of coffee and one piece of cake.

Solution in P6:

7 cups of coffee and 4 pieces of cake cost $5.30

5 cups of coffee and 2 pieces of cake cost $3.40

2 cups of coffee and 2 pieces of cake cost $5.30 - $3.40

= $1.90

1 cup of coffee and 1 piece of cake cost $1.90 ÷ 2

= 95 cents

The above can be solved using algebra.

Let the cost of a cup of coffee by $x and the cost of a piece of cake be $y

7x + 4y = 5.3

5x + 2y = 3.4

These are simultaneous linear equations which can be solved for x and y using one of the three
methods we’re going to learn.

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 Anglo-Chinese School (Independent)

Year 2 (2023) IP Enriched Mathematics

Topic 4: Simple Inequalities & Simultaneous Equations

Worksheet 4B
Elimination Method

Name: ( ) Grade:

Class: Date:

METHOD A: Listing solutions of each equation

PROBLEM: Solve the simultaneous equations 2y – x = 8 and y = x + 4

SOLUTION BY METHOD A

1) Fill in the table below with the values of y for each corresponding value of x, which satisfy the equation
2y – x = 8

x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y

2) Fill in the table below with the values of y for each corresponding value of x, which satisfy the equation
y=x+4

x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y

3) Write down the solution (x, y) which satisfies both 2y – x = 8 and y = x + 4.

x = ______________ y = _______________

EXERCISE: Solve the simultaneous equations x + y = 9 and 5x - 5y = 7 using method A

If you do not succeed after 5 minutes, what is the problem?

This method is not recommended due to its inefficiency.

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METHOD B: ELIMINATION - Finding the values of the unknowns by adding

PROBLEM: Solve the simultaneous equations x + y = 3 and x – y = 2

SOLUTION BY METHOD B

1) Add up the two equations.

2) What do you notice?______________________________ ______________________

3) Use the resultant equation to find a value for x.

4) For the value of x you calculated in (3), find y using either one of the 2 equations.

5) Check that the values of x and y satisfy both equations.

6) What happens when you subtract the first equation from the second? Which variable is eliminated?

Worked example 1: Solve the simultaneous equations 4x + 3y = 5 and 2x + 3y = 1

4x + 3y = 5 (1)
2x + 3y = 1 (2)

(1) - (2): (4x + 3y) – (2x + 3y) = 5 - 1

2x = 4

x=2

Put x = 2 into (1): 4(2) + 3y = 5 (1)

8 + 3y = 5
3y = -3

y = -1 The solution is x = 2, y = -1

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METHOD C: ELIMINATION - Multiplying one equation by a number to obtain equal coefficients of x and y

PROBLEM: Solve the simultaneous equations 2x - 3y = 4 and x + y = 12

SOLUTION BY METHOD C

In each pair of simultaneous equations you have solved in Method B, the x and y coefficients have been equal.
Therefore, you have been able to add or subtract to eliminate one of the unknowns.

When the x and y coefficients are different as in this pair 2x - 3y = 4 and x + y = 12, we multiply one equation
by a number to obtain equal coefficients of x or y.

Which equation do you leave unchanged? ________________________________

Which equation would you multiply? __________________ By what number? ________

Now solve the equations as in Method B:

Check that the values of x and y satisfy both equations.

Worked example 2: Solve the simultaneous equations x + 2y = 13 and 3x - y = 11

x + 2y = 13 (1)
3x - y = 11 (2)

(2) × 2: 6x - 2y = 22 (3)

The two equations now look like this:

x + 2y = 13 (1)
6x - 2y = 22 (3)

(1) + (3): 7x = 35

x=5

Put x = 5 into (1): 5 + 2y = 13

2y = 8
y=4

So, the solution is x = 5, y = 4

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METHOD D: ELIMINATION - Multiplying each equation by a number to obtain equal coefficients of x and
y

PROBLEM: Solve the simultaneous equations 3x + 5y = 7 and 2x + 4y = 0

SOLUTION BY METHOD D

In this pair of simultaneous equations, multiplying an equation by a number does not give us equal
coefficients. So, we multiply each equation by a number to obtain equal coefficients of x or y.

What number must you multiply 3x + 5y = 7 by? _________

It becomes: _____________________________

What number must you multiply 2x + 4y = 0 by? _________

It becomes: _____________________________

Now solve the equations as in Method B:

Check that the values of x and y satisfy both of the equations.

Worked example 3: Solve the simultaneous equations 13x - 6y = 20 and 7x + 4y = 18

13x - 6y = 20 (1)
7x + 4y = 18 (2)

(1) × 2: 26x - 12y = 40 (3)

(2) x 3: 21x + 12y = 54 (4)

(3) + (4): 47x = 94

x=2

Put x = 2 into (1): 13(2) - 6y = 20

6y = 6
y=1

So, the solution is x = 2, y = 1

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Example 1
Solve the following pairs of simultaneous equations using method B (Method of Elimination)

No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4

x+y=3 2a + b = 8 a + 3b = 9 f – 2g = 5
x–y=1 3a – b = 17 2a – 3b = 0 3f +2g = -9

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Example 2
Solve the following pairs of simultaneous equations using method C (Method of Elimination)
[Hint: sometimes you have to subtract one equation from another]

No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4

4e + 3f = 9 2r + 7s = 26 4p – q = -2 2j – 3k = 3
e+ f=2 r+ s=3 3p + 2q = -7 3j + k = -23

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Answers

EXERCISE 1
1. x = 2, y = 1 2. a = 5, b = -2 3. a = 3, b = 2 4. f = -1, g = -3

EXERCISE 2
1. e = 3, f = -1 2. r = -1, s = 4 3. p = -1, q = -2 4. j = -6, k = -5

Anglo-Chinese School (Independent)

Year 2 (2023) IP Enriched Mathematics

Topic 4: Simple Inequalities & Simultaneous Equations

Worksheet 4C
Substitution, Graphical Method & Word Problems

Name: ( ) Grade:

Class: Date:

METHOD E: Substitution

PROBLEM: Solve the simultaneous equations x + 4y = 7 and 2x + 3y = 9

SOLUTION BY METHOD E

When either x or y has the coefficient of 1 or when the question requires that you solve the simultaneous
equations only by substitution, you have to use this method.

1) Choose the equation where either x or y has the coefficient of 1 (if none available, any equation will
do) – in this case, x + 4y = 7

2) Rewrite x + 4y = 7 such that x is the subject. _____________________

3) Substitute x = 7 – 4y into the other equation 2x + 3y = 9 and solve for y:

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 4) Put the value of y into x = 7 – 4y to find the value for x.

Check that the values of x and y satisfy both of the equations.

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Worked example 4: Solve the simultaneous equations x + 2y = 13
and 3x - y = 11

x + 2y = 13 (1)
3x - y = 11 (2)

From (1), x = 13 – 2y (3).

Substituting (3) into (2):

3(13 – 2y) – y = 11
39 – 6y – y = 11
-7y = 11 – 39
− 28
y = =4
−7

Put y = 4 into equation (3):x = 13 – 2(4) = 13 – 8 = 5

So, the solution is x = 5, y = 4

METHOD F: Graphical Method

PROBLEM: Solve the simultaneous equations 2y – x = 8 and y = x + 4

SOLUTION BY METHOD F

1) Fill in the table below with the values of y for each corresponding value of x, which satisfy the equation 2y
–x=8

x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y

Note: Each set of coordinates is a point on a straight line with the equation 2y – x = 8. Draw the axes on the space
provided. Mark each point and draw the line.

2) Fill in the table below with the values of y for each corresponding value of x, which satisfy the equation
y=x+4

x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y

Note: Each set of coordinates is a point on a straight line with the equation y = x + 4. Mark each point on the same
graph as 1) and draw this line.

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3) The coordinates (x, y) of the point of intersection of the two line give the solution for values x and y which
satisfy both equations 2y – x = 8 and y = x + 4.

x = ______________ y = _______________

EXERCISE: Solve the simultaneous equations x + y = 9 and 5x - 5y = 7 by graphs.

Challenge: What kind of solutions will you get from lines which are parallel or overlap one another? What kind of
equations will these be? Give examples.

Example 1: Solving Simultaneous Linear Equations by Substitution

Solve the following pairs of simultaneous equations using method E (Method of Substitution)

No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4

5x + 2y = -1 3x + 7y = 4 x + y = -1 4x + y = 15
x – 3y = -7 2x + y = -1 3x – 4y = 4 7x –3y = 50

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Example 2: Solving Simultaneous Linear Equations by the Graphical Method

Solve the following pairs of simultaneous equations using method F (Graphical Method)
(To be done on graph paper)

No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4

5x + 2y = -3 3x + y = 4 6x – 8y = -8 4x + y = 15
x – 3y = -9 2x + 7y = -1 3x – 4y = 4 8x + 2y = 30

Answers

EXERCISE 1
1. x = 2, y = -1 2. x = -1, y = 1 3. x = 0, y = -1 4. x = 5, y = -5

EXERCISE 2
1. x  - 1.6, y  2.5 2. x  1.5, y  -0.6 3. no solution 4.infinite number of solutions

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Examples (Word Problems on Simultaneous Equations)

1. Write down a linear equation connecting x and y for each of the following.
Simplify the equation formed.

(a) The number, x is five more than twice the number, y.

(b) Ali and John are x and y years old respectively.

Ali’s age in 5 years’ time is three times the age of John 2 years ago.

(c) The number of marbles and stones is x and y respectively.

There are twice as many marbles as the number of stones.

(d) The length and breadth of a rectangle of perimeter 10 cm are x cm and

y cm respectively.

(e) John has x and y 5-cent and 15-cent stamps respectively.

The total value of stamps is $5.

(f) A 2-digit number is 18 more than the number with its digits reversed.
(x is the first digit and y is the second digit)

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2. Form a pair of simultaneous equations and hence solve them to find the unknowns for each of the
following.

(a) The sum of two numbers is 8 while their difference is 3. Find the two numbers.

(b) The sum of two numbers is 8. One number is 2 more than the other number. Find the
larger number.

(c) The sum of two numbers is 8. One number is 2 more than twice the other number.
Find the two numbers.

(d) Mary is 5 years older than her friend, John. Thrice John’s age is Mary’s age in 9 years’
time. Find their present ages.

Answers
1a) x = 2y + 5 b) x + 11 = 3y c) x = 2y d) x + y =5 e) x + 3y = 100 f) x – y = 2

2a) 5.5; 2.5 2b) 5 2c) 6; 2 2d) 7 years; 12 years

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 Anglo-Chinese School (Independent)

Year 2 (2023) IP Enriched Mathematics

Topic 4: Simple Inequalities & Simultaneous Equations

Assignment 4B – Elimination Method

Name: ( ) Grade:

Class: Date of Submission

Remarks:

1 Solve the following pairs of simultaneous equations using the Method of Elimination.

a) 4a + 3b = 0 and 7a – 2b = -29

b) 3c + 2d = 6 and 5c + 3d = 11

c) 5x – 4y = -1 and 2x – 3y = 1

x y x 2y
d) + = 3 and + =3
2 3 4 3

e) 3x – 4y = 2 and 2x – 6y = -7.

f) 3x + 2.4y = 15 and 7x – 2.4y = -5.

1
g) (a2x)(a3y) = a and a5x  = 4
a 52
a 3y
Answers
a) a = -3, b = 4
b) c = 4, d = -3
c) x = -1, y = -1
d) x = 4, y = 3
e) x = 4, y = 2.5
f) x = 1, y = 5
1
g) x= 4, y= − 2
3

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 Anglo-Chinese School (Independent)

Year 2 (2023) IP Enriched Mathematics

Topic 5: Simple Inequalities & Simultaneous Equations

Assignment 4C – Substitution & Graphical Method

Name: ( ) Grade:

Class: Date of Submission

Remarks:

1 Solve the simultaneous equations by substitution:

a) x – 10y = 23 and 3x – 5y = 19.

b) 3x + 4y = 5 and x – y = 4.

2 Solve the simultaneous equations by the graphical method:

x + 2y = 0 and 5x = 4y + 14

3 Given the equations 3x – 5y = 22 and 4x – 3y = 33, find the value of 2x + y.

4 One coffee and two sandwiches cost 70 cents while two coffees and one sandwich cost 65 cents.
Form a pair of simultaneous linear equations and solve them to find the cost of a sandwich.

5 One number is two less than three times a second number while subtracting twice the first
number from five times the second number results in a negative difference of one.
If the first and second number are x and y respectively,
(i) form a pair of simultaneous equations in x and y,
(ii) hence solve the equations to find the two numbers.

8
6 A fraction reduces to when both the numerator and denominator are each decreased by 1 while
9
9
it changes to when both the numerator and denominator are each increased by 1. Find the
10
numerator and denominator of the fraction by solving a pair of simultaneous linear equations.
Hence write down the fraction.

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7 Answer the whole of this question on a sheet of graph paper.
(i) The perimeter of a rectangle of length, y cm and width, x cm is 12 cm.
Show that y = – x + 6.

(ii) On the same axes, draw the graph of y = – x + 6 and 5y = 3x + 10 for − 1  x  7

using a scale of 2 cm to 1 unit for both axes. Label the graphs clearly.
Hence, write down the dimensions of the rectangle of which its length, y cm and
width, x cm satisfy the equation 5y = 3x + 10.

(iii) State the area of the rectangle.

Real-world Context Challenge!

A stack of 3 identical bowls has a height of 9 cm and another stack of 5 such bowls has a
height of 12 cm. Find the height of 10 such bowls. State your assumption(s) and show your
working clearly. (New Discovering Math, Star Publishing)

Answers

1 a)x = 3, y = -2 b) x = 3, y = -1 2) x = 2, y = -1 3) 19

4) 25 cents, 20 cents 5) 13 and 5 6) 17/19

7) Length = 3.5 cm Width = 2.5 cm

Area = 8.75 sq units

Self-Practice

Ref text(s): New Syllabus Mathematics 7th Edition (Shing lee) (Review Ex 2 – Pg 68)
New Discovering Math (Star Publishing) (Review Ex 1 – Pg 19 & Review Ex 2 – Pg 56

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 Anglo-Chinese School (Independent)

Year 2 (2023) IP Enriched Mathematics

Topic 4: Simultaneous Equations (Revision)

1. Solve the simultaneous equations by elimination method:

i. 3x – 4y = 2 and 2x – 6y = -7.

ii x + y = 4 and x = - 2 + y.

x y x y
iii. + =1 and − = 1
2 3 5 15

iv. 0.3x – 0.2y = 0 and 2x + 3y = 13

2, Solve the simultaneous equations by substitution method:

i. x – 10y = 23 and 3x – 5y = 19.

ii. 3x + 4y = 5 and x – y = 4.

3. Solve the simultaneous equations 2 x  2 y = 8 and 42 y  4 x = 1 .

4. Two places P and Q are 7 km directly opposite each other across a straight river. A boat usually
travels from P to Q at a constant speed of x km/h.
(i) One day the weather was worse than usual, so the boat travelled y km/h slower than its usual
speed. The journey from P to Q that day took 42 minutes. Show that x – y = 10.

(ii) The next day the weather was better than usual, so the boat travelled y km/h faster than its usual
speed. The journey from P to Q that day took 21 minutes. Form and simplify another equation in
x and y to represent this information. Hence find x and y by solving these two equations
simultaneously.

5. The perimeter of the rectangle PQRS shown below is 36 cm. ABCD is a square. (Diagrams are
not drawn to scale)
(i) Form and simplify 2 equations to represent the above information.
(ii) Hence, solve the equations simultaneously.
A B
P Q
(y + 5) cm
(y + 2) cm
S R
D C
(2x – 7) cm
(x + 1 ) cm

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 2x + 5
6. Solve the inequality  1 − 4 x . Hence write down the smallest integer value of x.
2

Answer Key
Q1
i) x = 4, y = 2.5 ii) x = 1, y = 3 iii) x = 4, y = -3 iv) x = 2, y = 3

Q2
i) x = 3, y =-2 ii) x = 3, y = -1

3. x = 2, y = 1

4. x = 15, y = 5

5. y + 2x = 23 ; x – y = 4 ; x = 9 & y = 5

−3
6. x > 10
;0

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