ENHANCED GLOBAL WARMING

https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/projects/climate-change-evidence-causes/basics-of-climate-ch
ange/
https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/4-ways-ozone-hole-linked-climate-a
nd-1-way-it-isn%E2%80%99t
4 ways the ozone hole is linked to climate, and 1 way it isn’t

Antarctica is the only place on Earth where it's reliably

cold enough for an ozone hole to form
The ozone hole is an annual thin spot that forms in the stratospheric ozone layer over
Antarctica in mid-September and October. When it comes to the ozone hole, chlorine is the
enemy. The chlorine comes from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs, for short), which were widely
used in early refrigeration and cooling systems. Under most atmospheric conditions, when
CFCs begin to degrade, the chlorine they contain first gets incorporated into variety of
smaller molecules that do not directly harm the ozone layer.

Southern Hemisphere spring is ozone hole season

The ozone hole doesn’t exist year-round: it’s seasonal. During the Antarctic winter, when
polar stratospheric clouds become widespread, chemical reactions convert less reactive
forms of chlorine into large amounts of highly reactive forms. These highly reactive gases
have such a weak hold on their chlorine atoms that they are only stable in the dark.

The ozone hole did not cause global warming

Because the ozone layer normally blocks ultraviolet (UV) light, an ozone hole allows more UV
light than usual to reach the surface. However, the additional energy added to the Earth’s
system from the ozone hole is so small that it couldn’t be responsible for the warming trend
that’s been occurring.
How small? Well, the vast majority of sunlight is the light we can see—visible light with
wavelengths of 400-700 nanometers. UV light is only about 8 percent of all sunlight to
begin with, and the ozone layer and oxygen (both of which absorb UV) only permit a
fraction of that to reach the surface. The additional amount of UV that the Antarctic
ozone hole allows to reach the surface for a month or so each year is a small fraction of an
already small amount of sunlight—too small to explain global warming.

That doesn’t mean the ozone hole isn’t important, however. UV light can cause sunburns,
cataracts, genetic mutations, and cancer. It can damage land and ocean-based marine life,
including the tiny phytoplankton that form the base of the ocean food web.
Are the ozone hole and global warming related?

NO, The ozone hole and global warming are not the same
thing, and neither is the main cause of the other.
The ozone hole is an area in the stratosphere above Antarctica where
chlorine and bromine gases from human-produced chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs) and halons have destroyed ozone molecules.
Global warming is the rise in average global surface temperature caused
primarily by the build-up of human-produced greenhouses gases, mostly
carbon dioxide and methane, which trap heat in the lower levels of the
atmosphere.
There are some connections between the two phenomena.
For example, the CFCs that destroy ozone are also potent greenhouse
gases, though they are present in such small concentrations in the
atmosphere (several hundred parts per trillion, compared to several
hundred parts per million for carbon dioxide) that they are considered a
minor player in greenhouse warming. CFCs account for about 13% of the
total energy absorbed by human-produced greenhouse gases.
The ozone hole itself has a minor cooling effect (about 2 percent of the
warming effect of greenhouses gases) because ozone in the stratosphere
absorbs heat radiated to space by gases in a lower layer of Earth’s
atmosphere (the upper troposphere). The loss of ozone means slightly
more heat can escape into space from that region.
Global warming is also predicted to have a modest impact on the Antarctic
ozone hole. The chlorine gases in the lower stratosphere interact with tiny
cloud particles that form at extremely cold temperatures — below -80
degrees Celsius (-112 degrees Fahrenheit). While greenhouse gases
absorb heat at a relatively low altitudes and warm the surface, they
actually cool the stratosphere. Near the South Pole, this cooling of the
stratosphere results in an increase in polar stratospheric clouds, increasing
the efficiency of chlorine release into reactive forms that can rapidly
deplete ozone.

While some extra of the Sun’s UV rays slip through the ozone
hole, their net effect is to cool the stratosphere more than they
warm the troposphere.