2n't1

4aCmouter Seeurtty Cteró* rrea Aotento boleaord

The
protect8h Cuutorated atan)
thforratbr oystem t to

cbyecttbes preserua tto

OPputable
wnlabtity ond cor fider tatt of etoformotron
Kytem tourcesc atcldeo tlw
te Le Corrirriuru attons
trofereotrin/dosa ond
key objectes that ae at tte
Three
Hear t of cort puter seur'
at prvate Or(orf
(D Conf dertiutyi As5res rrads auaitabe
denhal orotror hot
hdudutó
Gr dsctoeto urauttor3ed

atnpreper ifor
tt'on rLodfta tons destruc t°or
au the
encura thforator non aepudiatin
ticity
(32Avoi Labuty:
Frure tiey ond aoabe occ eKs
to ard Us
of tformeto
Jecurty ttack&
Corrpror'ses tte Seuerity
Octn ttatt
Ar
of trrformottòr Owe
njatròn.
ttat
is a pocobLe dorger
e Vuinerab'uty. cvco tattor cof Seur
 catzgortes.
bekaeur.
kó atto heae
dewtatror
tiformator. gotterta ton
drage cougi focused
ter strearr. folse f tor crea the strecrn
attacks Actie ’
mdiefec 2nvolve
atrorn Sorre
of 4ack Active
(obsNe Aratys Traffe 2:
rof pater
reso Retofenée I.
) CRead
CRead Corteret tifocmasán
ttatl ’Eouesdroppt
rcm berg rortorng
o. trorsmreseutceS. ot yste afect not
ystem orm
’Ateri
zfor of ke
fra tearn to pts
r uoe observig recever
aCcess to
being Cortert
ttat
deo wtich Atac
ks
rty
ttue'rd
truder atacks Passtve
otlacks. Act'e (2
sterr
acceS
to urattorzed
upt attept attack
corrn that (-Actrori
ecua) tteprortses
gstem pout
aof :
Servces evade's
s CrduLolate
-tto act trodax tr
toept delibesale
att a ts ttet
rt from
ect;tfat ttr
(s strm
that tur Se
Veg tlact:
 ) MosqeToLde
Sn tt tte attacks preterids to auttentit Serder
0CceL t
order to
to gaum unauttorzed stoten credontiàla
a ttack attackers Uoe
>Sr thes typc of at
pasve channet
tBtrougk
Captureo tte mesag t ct
arnd tter maic
tatert r e .
Modtotrin of message:
3) 9t marupulate tte Cortert
gends
sevviecDo 5): Attacks 0rder to rrate
of
(4) Dnal of Ccie oerload te useT
troffè to gsterr rmakeó Sevute (3 ded b
urovla ble
it attacks
Passte attacks Vs Ac tue

fsstve actve

’Hard to etect -’ thr to preuert

preuent;
Dfult to
Preverton;- iartter serder ard
a, Softuare
valrora biutts.
nor fecver LS
.oware ptys
tthe attcs.
SeruLceó
Secuety Seruices avalobe
tte dferent orgon~ati.
Refers to
and
mantong securt
Seryces doded into 5ty*°
1. Atter ttiatror:
vert
-tte orCortet,
process ot
accees
order to arart deng
2 Acce s5 controt
cleterrte
deterhe
Sautues u6e of polutto to
alloued to acces p e t t esourees. oóed,
Le vetó of accen hould be raLL t
 (3) Data Confien balty
for protetibn of teforn
torder to oret

(cenfäertaty
Dean nteg
to ernsre
Setutrt rnectare'Grs
datc has not altered
trons.

(ie scrd gecee.

(5) No- epidaten; Srvcues of tectirusg
Lwtut Carn o preuent
Serder
from
ttat ttey Sert ttie

5ecurty Mectarr'srr
The mectCrisn nt
that s bu'tt to identu
ary attac k orgarezatin or brcoct of Seu ru
’Xesponable for protect tte
unauttor 3ed CcceS or seCuty ttreats .

’Thete Cart be irplenarnted at Aferent Levels

witt éL tthe and Car be uoed to proude
mectt aó Corfsentdut
or owcu labty
re charum eue
seeurty
’Sorre ecmpeo

padding
’Routng ortol
 s tte Grd prar tt e
Corriur "catton tto preerco
Beceere
óe
Catted aduergartes,
for
Chr ueó Corrrl
tc parts
ttued t s tte Serder
of tectiruQues that ttue

Lricattors essage
and iñterded ecepert

Contert o
of oetognpy
type
Sgmmetrr'e Crypogvophy
There

tretret Cqpgrapi
(3) Assret
Symmetrt t sume ka
(U dsed YHPton

used tte decrptin CPebet

(2) Assymetit Ceogph encrpttbn
that

ton
pubut key ond dece
plam
Ehncpti epter ottrri text
platn gorttn tet
tet A

pruat

krot
Note ymmetrre
Cot uetutrorl trde(

used n older
(onuenkanat Grony pbhn ttat

ard ecever
tte serider to eiortpt
tte trieS$ age. pub k
Serder
enc
plat tent ustg
usitg ece ders
ator
Secvet ky ,otutt
tte cpterteat
plun tetent (s called
hc encryptod plan cophart
6erder
Irarontted

cphar
plauntext eryptn texct
Cgotr

plaur text
dot tat t to the
gE s tte orral
lgortrn
ori Algorrtin
pluntent
Performs au transtormotrin
to convert ito c ptie terct
3) Secre t
Jrput to Ggertrei
at tat
pased or tte used
tire
rtert
because it
erer Heted tfomatirn tet ttl
Cor taó
Computer wt
Or
ut proper pter it
 -tho
Output fror
5)Decpttn tgontt: laorttrr ir AeueYSe
etpt'or
teet Serrt ond produce
plan t e t ó outpt
use of Cenventôral
Secure
Reurerrento

trcypt or a strora
ercryptto o'prn.
tcbe obtaned copc*s
Serdex Aeceeser truct Ord mst
Seure .aotu or
(6ecret
of tte
6ere
kacp tha h
Adontogs fos t
tur i esaurceó,
Usis feuer cerrpter
Dsod
ecured wter Cortpored

ececver (ost t e wfote

ttue
and ttuo trakurg
proces usele%.
SCale
6ctuerre does not botti tho ender
rnber fusers becance beforc tacnsm?
taue to Or a Secret
abets oforder tte uture algortrnran
hi crypto io sposdn
acpter
pter itibr pTrors
os
-(5
s) mód(+3)
3
ACot)mo
UDPD
R.AM A
RAMA teet plaut
19 A=0, scterreAccordngto
totòrRepreserr rrtÁc atte
3.
s ker tt Ñ the wtere
aibstituttn.
(scipter of dpeatal
oecorre twauud t
BB iepiaced
enorpte for
wtt
C
deperndig set Sarr tte
frorn
Ctaracter re slbsttuted
by t's
ttor
oto of et qen te farn plaun
text
tarocte ,ary cpter ubattutor Jn
CipteY:Substtutit1
Ciassta
Tectiuó
 ,tte ccta plat tet c ptabs
prccnn

TRANSPosITION
text=
en ploun
U3 52
tent
erptar
NIX
A ASN 3TX ROO TAI

IoNXX
Sirca Cupter oted at
ore
te
sLrearr cpthery
a tire. enyptin algontt
ard
A gtreas
o m metrt
CArrIo urt dota
ecrHet a
dec
tet
Bloce cpher take6 a
block of pou
A block cpter ablack efcipter text
bits ord gereyates
of sorre sige.
btto
of block ts
Ortte key
gctuerre.
of cpte dsperido p
Streng
tabe
Sze of wtule
born t ritd
fououoh Ospects
Selectg asze of a bock
Srnale block Ze.
6xc
tae vevy large bloc k
 deta
ksoft
btoc
tet.Severaette
6euty
t tposbe.
ofcept
of
tea ctpter
avoweoSorre seBlock
L6) (s)AuaLarce ymme blk
taÕ
th of -to ao tte
aking
preduce atgortim
ernSue tte ouer
pleunt
crpter
butltt kys
processesvpterto
fuked-se g uowed
ord
Btockau.BLock
Prncio
cpter and to
-c
prtcples
ofte of ditfuoon
furctin
sbit Ctpters
block
crptersAoundó
struture
btsbLock ofoutd
and scheclute ufers
teyct
Shanon'scpter
Theor
ard
ofo eftnc
75Muttpe
o
trportontof Corfictor
Atueribt,
Corfusior
to Cerrpte
oftext
ctptey -tte
ModernkCoc
3
Destr
tte
blo Struct
rember
Block
x te
cìpter
that
ond e
3) as
d
 cvpte gene 'nple
epeatahe 6erta
defrcd
mertat orrS,
ttesgl and peptacerert f
tte
tut or
Comporerte eferswth
to
otto pnentsrfoltinhg
Corpornento,
S bSt
rtae
h rarpulattìrn of
Cer
ta rttir
Aerrrutatror osore

rder of corfuab puurre ber

AOre air of one has a
Narge
tteamo
wcttr
plair tett
ttee pterient p ' s produed

tthe cpies text shuld

tey
eacth bt of ard h dferent
or tte
dprd dffererts bis te

ore b t o f tte shotld ctonge

Chong
cephert t corpiat
tte
Core

feestet 5eck Cpher

heterre
* Feste t cptee

bloct

pES ts Rst CxaTple f estet aphe

Structune bottt

and decryptr
 cncHet'en proces
Aourdo of (strut
Cornaistirg ruttipie preessihg ot
ptareted, eoct Aound
tor perrrutotton
preceo,
ext block

arcto 2 taweo,LR
Cdevde

Roundl
FCk,R)t

kr
Roundn n ffckR

Cephertevt block
ts dnded otrto two
ntcto
block to eact aourd LAR for the
be deroted
talwes that Car
talt and tte fuget haf. -te btock
teft rourdtte hatf of
But tu left t
trougl unctarg
R

gocs ttveu or Operatu'on ttat depnds

ttat

ar er ey praforetion f
takeo two
 he frctm produc*ó
nroduceó tBe otpt FCRik)Heri
ratterat c Kurnctin w't
XoR t t e C/o Of tfe

irpieer1ttiirn
Sr aeat térplerrier1
ofthe feiatet ciptur,
DES1nstead tte wtole encpto
quct as
eacth tourd, a aud depen hert t

fears ttat actt Gourd useo oa dffaent

tte end of eac

eact 0un
perrutdttir stop at
L ard ur
Riherfore
u modted
tte be R oftta
tte riet Ourd woul round be-the
tte L for the ord R for tte
net
A
urrert houd
urert hourd
c/pL of tihe
subottutôn artd petrutaton <sporform
aofboue
of roundó e
a hourd ,Tero
.

alorttm deo n.
tto -te
tte Lost ourd o Corputtd-tthor
a Cor Catorrete
Orce
blacks K ord L
tuwo
-tte cipttet block.
ttus order to f rm
proces:
tte ory
Cace

ts ttatt tte aub kays

ucd itthe qreUers ordor .
 foAstel cpter s as en tht ttieae
ext
tot ouapptd thort tthe feautttg cpter
ttos a e
rot be

ton Stardord CDES)

6ymmett block cpter
tturr
ercryptÕn

detD SCur
u6e rou
hot
VulnrabutÁs. hepaca by tte
AES) n io01.
tarndard
encrptorl
advanced
teot '5(3e64 bts
tnpt/pteh 64 6cts

Cutput
Maunka
56 b ' s

Rourd tkoy
L6 fourds
Noof founds
 64 bt
Data iner
test

4tia Perrrcutattor permuted

Ctocet

54
+|permuted cscLlas
Round chotte sheft
56,
chotesk
Round2 1
)

kIb perrrurted
Round b choce shuft.

30-brt éwap
bits

uese uta perru

tatton

tet

Perr tatror
Sru't'a
toakes
po5 tu dn, of the
produce qng
64 b t aó
And

t chonge.
qo123
22\23|24
2|2930 331

313435 36|31 38

Y446 6
 nver Lot 32. bit Att auotto
22-bit snprpwap the
32 -bt. and
Jhverse tn'the Perrutator
perretatton ->cowms
Gievese oder.

39 2363|3|

37
CG|Y5Y22l53|
S ý 13|83 2
36
S

Othgle Round of rtt

Round functron t a keS

6-bet»

ffeet tn Des
Aance ¬
-A- de#irable property f on cicyetin
lorttrn.
fAualorce e ffact
one o t ctange

Wlance
rore btts efoct
teoet
'pher wea t
aalare

e fect
back
oukers cci
sOE5Strorg wlonce nce cffet
pT34 bls cta
Ibil chage oweroge.
brts ctorgehc on
y-35
bt chang in ouerag
Strergttiof Des
56-bt

EffectrUe kay o gorrthm

ttm cis houuds,
perr
of DES
ralre
A Tte
mutattun)
Timugatacto

uoe of 56 bit
e
Due
sze:56bt
54
porseeoe:
attac& ot
brcte -force Key
mbeY
rore. "
searcted
be
to be
tlas -tu
rruus05CCord.
4pace per

One pEs erer

ttouserd
years ttepter
ttar
Oisadontags
?-necure DES
- $25 o,00
DES crackor

ttac k too k Lors tan

te a DES.
DES rd tple.
Atgorttm
he of ES
I6.de Ffitult.
ucd
bsttutiön tab(eo' o rS- boxes
eac t tourd of l6 AourdS.
everse
bes Jouble
ultpte
cpher 0r
et ord oES wrtth
key. itiple truu
trutpedotwe of use
alttrrate Arottcc
Corripete kACS-
gorttn
atack
vulneraby
ato Des of Potental A
Drawbocko
attac k
heostart
Or
heueaed
n 0re Sformatton
tte obeut x
key
co¯erd been toue boreó S- tte lord
eted egquore6
unand f
ptr plS-boxe6
bu riode tte nii
S-bred
not
 tr'p
find
B
kzfor
totos
aboJE krou
korattac
tte kro
cpter tet
2 pair
b0. Cor tert knoupar
ture Auock: te
atarkar
C
tart 6
6kart
vulheroble
to
 tte th to DES,
middo
Corpatible DEs tripe make to
Swit
ypten for DEs oftageo
0(kg,c0)) PDC,Ec
Wortti DES
CCk) C3
ECkoP)) 'kECks, EC
ses multipe
uthpe po ext plan deto lbwer
Occgptnk
J
 at Su and
bamta.
aragrs+
tstnted b
tuerted
tte year 9q
1Q2.
bit.
orko
b dsadvar
Cpertxt attack
ttiear
ore
Plarn text
urear
Low
attac k 1

hardor
plahtort

Qiferentb ftst defied

* Dferen tra ard Adh
5tharr

Cat a tire
bets
r i t ple
ork
attack
disod vortegs.
x Plautet
paurs n dferenaa,

Bock e p
Code Boo k ':
(æ ELecto ruíc eaorest block
ts tte
’electrorut Code lboo k

node fune tior ing.

of
eos'er becau6e of drcct diect eneo
Cact btock ptarn te arrd olp 's
 bloc ks of
ot encd cpher t
rreSSage ttor
thar b bi.
be broke doort o oa burct
tn S3e,it car
Cird e procedure ts repea ted.
bocks
of

Decyptin

Advar toge5
bits `
encypton of bloc ks f bits
* foratteL of oricrAptin
pos5'ble
(t i's
ttuus facter o
cptier:
’5rple wgy of bock
Di~ad vortogg s c e there
’Rrcne to ceptanaiy
lotibrstip b/us
plan text kepter teot

direct p
Crphcr Btoc k Charttg
rrade
EcB
ce EcB compro
Ce rrert
A Advar
Sorre securty
equ'ter
rmeses produced by
btock s
Cpher btock ard
cptur
an Ko o lp of tte preuraus
presert plart tewt
 -

Decyptton Cr

Deget

bts.
tdvoneagfs or /p
qreatr an b
prechonutn.
wOTES wel
XCBC autter1 tiatorn

Osaduan tages ble

Shee
encrypton st's not poss
* ParcLel
proes cpher:
encngpuon ugt'res
feed back Mcde rext btocl
Cipher edback to tte
gven asfed re opeefoatti'orns,
’Cpher wtt

tru'ta vector lV
used for fiot
CUr Set

ereryptor ord ofp bieg

ard b5 b't5.
 b-5brssbts

5bts sb(ts
b-bS b-ôbitS
Pn

tdvontagp
xShce tthcre
Sorre data
loos due tothe

itta difiutt for

aster ttu&

C*Hptorays
Drsad van tage
R Cor
CuTent ernyetin af.
lo55es
x3ott block ot Bupported ene
blockó 0e rot
Seueral
tocwcuer

toleront
feed back Mde
Qutput proce0 as cpte
same
-fotos sary -tte ttat it gerdó -tte
encry

fealback . Mode' ecept 1isteod of tte ctu

as feedback
poted outputs
otictiz XoR o/e.
cipter
 K
rn)
parallsl tirpLementod
t be can ttus
tidepen trade
ts CTR *
*
fedback ofdert
trprrentatön: Cphor
Couriter srrple Mode Courter
ck bosed Mode ounte
stream meçoage
modtiattòn
attack moded ratnal°perakto
tan t
CfB ri00e ss
&SCept
thatbecauce
totble C6
to to Dtaduantaf5
ptautemt
k,boc
problern
fowed
t as OFB
htblocks.
Odbsequint
of
lrk error bit