ASSIGNMENT RESPIRATION (PLANT & ANIMAL)

1.CO2 release is the major activity at night & O2 release is the major activity during daytime in
plants. Discuss.
HINTDuring the day both respiration and photosynthesis takes place and photosynthesis
is the major activity so only O2 is released whereas during night respiration is the major activity so
CO2release is the major activity.
2. Trace the path followed during the exchange of gases in plants.
HINTThere is no major pathway for exchange of gases in plants. Exchange of gases takes place
by the process of diffusion with the help of tiny pores i.e stomata present on the leaf epidermis. The
large intercellular spaces ensure that all cells are in contact with air.
3. How do leaves help in exchange of gases? OR Same as in question 3.
HintLeaves have tiny poresstomatahelp in exchange of gases by the process of
diffusionThe large intercellular spaces ensure that all cells are in contact with air.
4.Why do plants have low energy needs as compared to animals. Explain.
In plants, the movements are usually at the cellular level and so less amount of energy is
required. Animals need to move from one place to another in search of food and to move away from
predators so they need more energy.
5.Why do land plants die if their roots remain waterlogged?
The land plants may die if roots remain waterlogged for a long time because roots also respire and
if water is logged for much time then the process of diffusion will not occur in the roots.
6.Give differences between Breathing and Respiration.
BREATHING RESPIRATION
1 Intake of O2 rich air and removal of Oxidation of food to form CO2,water and
Co2rich air energy.
2 Physical process Biochemical process
3 No energy is released Energy is released in the form of ATP.
4 Extracellular process Intracellular process
5 No enzyme is involved Enzymes are involved
7..How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings?
(i) Transport of oxygen : Haemoglobin(respiratory pigment) present in the blood takes up the
oxygen from the air in the lungs. It carries the oxygen to tissues which are deficient in oxygen
before releasing it.
(ii) Transport of carbon dioxide : Carbon dioxide is more soluble in water. Therefore, it is mostly
transported from body tissues in the dissolved form in our blood plasma to lungs. Here it diffuses
from blood to air in the lungs.
8.How does air moves in(inspiration) and out (expiration) in humans?
OR EXPLAIN MECHANISM OF BREATHING.
AnsINSPIRATIN/Air moves inAir enters through nostrils and filtered by fine hairs, lining the
nasal passage. During breathing in, ribs lifts up, diaphragm flattens and contract, chest cavity
becomes large, air moves in. Air enters the lung through trachea and bronchi. In lungs air enters
alveoli, where exchange of gases takes place.
EXPIRATION/Air moves outWhile breathing out, ribs relax, diaphragm relax, chest cavity reduces
and air moves OUT.
9.How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings?
Ans(i) Transport of oxygen : Haemoglobin(respiratory pigment) present in the blood takes up the
oxygen from the air in the lungs. It carries the oxygen to tissues which are deficient in oxygen
before releasing it.
(ii) Transport of carbon dioxide : Carbon dioxide is more soluble in water. Therefore, it is mostly
transported from body tissues in the dissolved form in our blood plasma to lungs. Here it diffuses
from blood to air in the lungs.
10.Explain the exchange of respiratory gases in the capillaries surrounding the tissues?
Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli in the lungs and the capillaries that envelop them.
Inhaled oxygen moves from the alveoli to the blood with the help of haemoglobin respiratory
pigment, in the capillaries, and carbon dioxide moves from the blood in the capillaries to
the air in the alveoli.
11. (EXTRA)What is residual volume? Write its significance in human respiratory system.
ANSResidual volume is the amount of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of a maximal
exhalation. Residual Volume is important because it prevents the lungs from collapsing.