PUNE VIDYARTHI GRIHA’s

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

&
G K PATE (WANI) INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, PUNE – 411 009

INTERNSHIP REPORT
ON
Sparkle powerlines

Under Supervision of
Mr. Santosh Bagal

Sparkle powerlines
(Date – 01/12/2022 to 29/122022)

SUBMITTED BY
Prasad Gajanan Deshmukh (1041)

Class TE (ELECTRICAL)
May 2023

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

PVG’s COET & GKPIM, PUNE-9
SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

1
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
PUNE VIDYARTHI GRIHA’s
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
&
G K PATE (WANI) INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, PUNE – 411 009

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the “Internship report” submitted by Prasad Gajanan Deshmukh & Exam
No.: T190072517 , is work done by his/her and submitted during 2022 - 2023 academic year, in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Third Year Course in Electrical Engineering, Pune
Vidyarthi Griha’s College Of Engineering & Technology And G K Pate (Wani) Institute of
Management, Pune – 411 009

Dr. Sunil Gaikwad Dr. M. S. Thakare

Department Internship Coordinator Head of the Department
Department of Electrical Engineering

Certificate of Internship
2
3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First I would like to thank Mr. Santosh Bagal Manager at Sparkle Powerlines for giving me the opportunity
to do an internship within the organization.

I also would like all the people that worked along with me {Sparkle Powerlines} with their patience and
openness they created an enjoyable working environment.

It is indeed with a great sense of pleasure and immense sense of gratitude that I acknowledge the help of
these individuals.

I am highly indebted to Principal Dr. M. R. Tarambale, for the facilities provided to accomplish this
internship.

I would like to thank my Head of the Department Dr. M. S. Thakare for his constructive criticism throughout
my internship.

I would like to thank Dr. Sunil T. Gaikwad, Department internship coordinator for his support and advices to
get and complete internship in above said organization.

I am extremely great full to my department staff members and friends who helped me in successful
completion of this internship.

Prasad Gajanan Deshmukh

T190072517

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 ABSTRACT

Internships, under the industry training program of university are being added to the T.E
curriculum. As per this curriculum I did my internship at Sparkle Powerlines Pvt Ltd,
Loni Kalbhor, Pune. This report includes Information about the industry, tasks which I
performed as an intern there, skills and knowledge which I gained and the information
about working of the industrial sector and their current needs. Working in the industry
while still being undergraduate gives a great deal of insight about the functioning of the
industry at an early stage. Though the duration of the internship was short it gave me
hands on experience of working with machines. I practically experienced the operation
working of transformers, pumping system, etc. Working their also improved
my social skills.

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 INDEX

Sr. no. Description Page no.

1 Chapter 1: Introduction 7-8

2 Chapter 2: Transformer Repair 9 – 12

3 Chapter 3: Sewage treatment plant 13 – 16

4 Chapter 4: Pumping System 17- 20

5 Chapter 5 : Transformer 21- 23

6 Chapter 6 : SF6 Circuit Breaker 24 – 27

7 Chapter 7: UPS Room 28 - 29

8 Chapter 8: PLC in Industry 30 - 36

9 Chapter 9: Conclusion 37

10 Chapter 10: References 38

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 1. INTRODUCTION
This is the basic introduction which includes the introduction of the industry and introduction of
my position at the industry.

1.1 Introduction of Industry

We Sparkle Powerlines, is a year of association with a number of leading multinational company

management clients, and after having an ever growing field of all industry segments.
Our organization provides all types of industrial, technical/non-technical services, our strength has
always been our trained and experienced team of professionals along with the state of art equipment.

We serve in the following sectors :

• Electrical Installations
• Mechanical Installations
• Structural Fabrication & Installations

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 1.2 Electrical Division :
• Motor Repair & Winding Services
• PCC & MCC Panel Erection & Wiring
• Street Light Maintenance
• Electrical Equipments like UPS, Invertor, Battery - Maintenance & Services
• HT & LT Projects
• Rental Generator, Compressors - Maintenance & Services
• Thermography & Harmonic Study
• Power Cable Laying, Power Cable Tray Installation Termination, Route Tracing
• Fabrication and Erection of Cable Trays
• Cable Laying, Dressing & Tagging, Glanding & Termination, Earthing & Grounding

• Industrial & Domestic Wiring

• Installation & Commissioning of Electrical Equipment’s like Transformer,
Generators, Compressors, Invertors, PCC and MCC Panels, ACB & VCB Panels
• Transformer Testing, Oil Filtration, Rewinding Work
• Air Circuit Breaker (ACB), Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB), RMU Units Servicing and Trouble
Shooting
• Earth Pit and Lightening Arrestor Installation, Testing and Repairing
• Rental Generator, Compressors - Maintenance & Services
• Thermography & Harmonic Study

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 2. TRANSFORMER REPAIR
 2.1 Working Sequence in Transformer Repair:

 Tank & Washing:- In this section the power oil & windings taken out from the Tank and blank tank
is send for washing in washing section
 Repairing Section: In this section damage windings are repaired if all windings are burnt then whole
windings were replaced with new windings.
The core shown in fig. is made of Silicon steel with thickness 0.35 to 0.5mm. These laminated core
legs are tighten with white tape. So, that the flux in the coils will linked properly with the other coil.
The channel's shown in IInd fig. are also use tighten the core and Also fix the whole set of core and
Windings in the tank. The main difference required between the channel and windings should at least 16-
20mm which can be increased or decreased according to the requirement.

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2.1 Damage Winding

2.2 Laminated Core

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 Core Ovening Section: - Core ovening section is the most important part of repairing transformer.
This is used to remove the moisture from the core and windings of the transformer. In this the core is
placed inside the oven at 40- 60C temp in Summer season and 100-120C in Winter season.
 BOXUP Section: - This is the section where the core is placed inside the Tank and core is fixed
inside the core and all outer connections were made the LT and HT were first fixed with the Brass
made rods and then that rods were fixed with Porc- -elain Brushes.
 Dehydration Filling Section: - The oil used in the transformer are Power oil or Mineral oil. It
provides cooling to the transformer. Before filling the oil in the transformer it is heated at
60KV/minute means 60KV is applied to the oil for one minute in oil testing machine. If the oil is
withstand with this voltage then it is further used for filling.
 Pre Testing: - In this everything is tested like IR value, the oil Temp like after filling the oil in tank
it is again tested with 40KV/min. The requirement is 25KV/min but for overload safety purpose it is
tested at 40KV/min.
 Final Testing :- The final testing is divided into four parts (a) HVHP (High Voltage & High
Pressure) (b) DVDF (Double Voltage Double Frequency) (c) No Load Losses (d) Full Load Losses

2.3 Core Ovening

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2.4 TRANSFORMER PARTS

12
 Installations Work done by Sparkle Powerlines in Following
companies:-

13
 3 Information about the internship
As an intern with Sparkle Powerlines Pvt Ltd, initially I got a chance to visit the Philips India Chakan Plant
for their maintenance work.I was instructed to just observe the entire procedure about the maintainance.The
executive there Mr.Bhushan Katkar showed us the entire assembly line. I was given the task of thoroughly
observing each and every workstation in the assembly line. My reporting authority instructed me to visit
every machine/workstation and take detailed information about the operation and production specifications
of that workstation from the respective operators and supervisors who are assigned to that particular zone.

3.1 ABOUT THE COMPANY

As I already mentioned I did my internship work at Philips India Pvt Ltd Chakan . This plant is situated
at Chakan MIDC near Pune. The duration of my internship was of one month. It commenced on 1 st
December 2023. During the total duration of internship, I was instructed to observe various tasks for
different number of days. Royal Philips, a global leader in health technology today unveiled the
conclusion of 7,200 sqm expansion in its factory in Chakan, Maharashtra. The state-of-the-art factory
now houses a total floor space of 11,700 sqm. and supports the MR Radio Frequency Coil, Mobile
Surgery Systems, and Ultrasound assembly businesses amongst other activities.The duration of the shift
was eight and half hours.
Healthcare Innovation Centre (HIC) is a manufacturing hub of Philips healthcare. Teams of R&D, design,
software developers, mechatronics & product marketing work together to build a product starting from
market requirement understanding until delivery. Products innovated and manufactured at HIC are launched/
shipped in both Indian and global markets.

Philips India has established its healthcare R&D centre in one of the fastest growing cities in the Asia-
Pacific region, Pune, which is ranked 145 by the ‘Mercer 2017 Quality of Living rankings’ for local living
conditions amongst the 440 cities globally, second in India after Hyderabad (144).It also highlights Pune
among the evolving business Centres.

A new facility of Philips Healthcare India to make imaging equipment for application in cardiology and
radiology has gone on stream. The products are aimed at the value segment in India initially, and for export
to growth markets abroad subsequently.

Set up with investment from Dutch parent Royal Philips Electronics, the Philips Development and
Manufacturing Centre at Chakan, is Philips Healthcare's first greenfield manufacturing unit in India, and the
sixth worldwide.

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The first products to be manufactured in the facility will be diagnostic X-Ray systems and the Allura FC –
Philips' first India developed catheterisation lab.

The teams of experts and best-in-class talent from top educational institutes work closely to bridge the gap
between better technology and actual clinical needs. A key goal at HIC is to reduce risk to life through
predictive maintenance. In this context, HIC is developing technologies using Big Data to predict system
failure and reduce risk to life. The Pune facility is producing equipment that is affordable for tier-II and tier-
III towns and rural markets

3.2 Observing the different sections of industry

3.2.1 Sewage treatment plant

Sewage treatment (or domestic wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater treatment) is a type of
wastewater treatment which aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is
suitable to discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application, thereby preventing
water pollution from raw sewage discharges.Sewage contains wastewater from households and businesses
and possibly pre-treated industrial wastewater. There are a high number of sewage treatment processes to
choose from. These can range from decentralized systems (including on-site treatment systems) to large
centralized systems involving a network of pipes and pump stations (called sewerage) which convey the
sewage to a treatment plant. For cities that have a combined sewer, the sewers will also carry urban runoff
(stormwater) to the sewage treatment plant. Sewage treatment often involves two main stages, called
primary and secondary treatment, while advanced treatment also incorporates a tertiary treatment stage with
polishing processes and nutrient removal. Secondary treatment can reduce organic matter (measured as
biological oxygen demand) from sewage, using aerobic or anaerobic biological processes.
The starting is done with a collection tank which collect sewage of capacity, 40,000 L .
Then by means of pumps the sludge is filled into the bar screen chamber.
Then it goes to oil and grease tank from where it goes to equalisation tank.
Then it goes to aeration tank. It is mixed with oxygen. It goes to settling tank where is the media is settled.
It is then treated with chlorine dressing chemical and then used for garden use and after filtering can be also
used for drinking.

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3.1. Sewage treatment Plant 1&2

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 4. Pumping System

4.1. Pumping Station

A fire pump is a part of a fire sprinkler system's water supply and powered by electric, diesel. The pump
intake is either connected to the public underground water supply piping, or a static water source (e.g.,
tank, reservoir, lake). The pump provides water flow at a higher pressure to the sprinkler system rises and
hose standpipes. Fire pumps function either by an electric motor or a diesel engine, or, occasionally a
steam turbine. The fire pump starts when the pressure in the fire sprinkler system drops below a
threshold. The sprinkler system pressure drops significantly when one or more fire sprinklers are exposed
to heat above their design temperature, and opens, releasing water. Alternately, other fire hoses reels or
other firefighting connections are opened, causing a pressure drop in the fire fighting main.

The pump house is the place where all the pumps for fire extinguishing are used .
Various devices like sprinkler pump, electrical hydrant, hydrant jockey are used .
An extra engine pump is used in case of MCB power supply fields. The sprinklers are located all over the
factory which sprinkle water in case of any emergency.
The pumps are vertical turbine type pumps.

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 4.1 Main Hydrant Pump

These pumps are of Energy Efficient Motor (SPDP Optimal). These pumps contain option with 2 or 4 pole
motor . These are also protected with IP 55. It has back pull out design.
Major Applications :-
Main Fire pump in Fire Fighting for Hydrant / Sprinkler, in Industrial, Commercial and Residential
Applications.
Fire Fighting In Industrial, Commercial And Residential Application
Water Supply In Fixed Fire Proof System
Water Supply In Municipal Work
Water Supply In Industrial And Mining Enterprises
Key Features :-
CE marked motor
With energy efficient motor (SPDP optional)
‘F’ – class insulation
IP 55
Option with 2 or 4 pole motors
Back pull-out design
Standard Gland seal soft packed / Mechanical seal (optional)
Performance as per Rated duty or as per NFPA 20 requirement.

4.2 Main Hydrant Pump

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 4.2 Jockey Pump
Fire Fighting Pumps are inline Vertical Multistage Stainless Steel Pump , It is guaranteed with IP 55 .
These Fire Fighting Pumps are CE Marked Motor and works in silent running

Key Features :-
CE marked motor
With IE2 efficient motor
‘F’ – class insulation
IP 55
Inline vertical multistage SS pump
with 2 pole motors
Maximum vibration level 80db
DN standard Inlet – outlet flange
Major Applications :-
Pressure maintenance Pump in Fire Fighting Systems.
In High Pressure Fire Fighting Systems.
In Industrial, Commercial and Residential Fire Fighting Applications.
High Rise Towers Tank filling from UG tank to Loft Tank.
Water Supply In Fixed Fire Proof System.
Water Supply In Municipal Work.
Water Supply In Industrial And Mining Enterprises.

4.3 Jockey Pump

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4.3 Operation sequence of Fire Pump Room

Image 6. Operation sequence of pumps

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 5 Transformer

5.1 Dry Resin Transformer

A dry type transformer is a type of transformer which never uses any insulating liquid where its winding or
core are immerged in liquid. Rather, the windings and core are kept within a sealed tank that is pressurized
with air.

Types of Dry Type Transformers

The dry type transformer is of two types.

They are
1)Cast Resin Dry Type Transformer (CRT)
2)Vacuum pressure Impregnated Transformer (VPI)

Cast resin dry type transformer (CRT) is used in the high moisture prone areas. It is because of its
primary and secondary windings are encapsulated with epoxy resin. This encapsulation helps to prevent
moisture to penetrate to affect the winding material. Complete protection is achieved by this cast resin
encapsulation so that the transformer can work without disruption in highly moisture prone area. Thus this
transformer is non hygroscopic.

This type of transformer is available in ratings of 25 KVA to 12,500 KVA. with insulation class of F (90oC
Temp. Rise).

This type of transformer has some featured advantages.

They are-
Better over load capacity.
Low partial discharge along with low loss. Hence efficiency is very good.
As it is with non inflammable winding insulation, it offers zero risk to fire hazard. So it is suitable for indoor
installation.
Can be fitted outdoor in IP 45 enclosure.
And off course non hygroscopic.

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5.1 Dry resin Type Transformer Specifications

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 5.2 Dry resin Type Transformer

Cast resin transformers are usually installed in medium voltage, for all types of solutions: auxiliary
services of electrical systems, substations, large factories or industrial plants, institution buildings,
schools, shopping centers, residential energy supply and many other uses.
They are considered the most important electrical equipment in any electrical system, due to their
function and cost, this is the reason why they must be protected to guarantee their operation and extend
their life to máximum.
Maintainance: Oil cooled transformersrequire more mintainance,and more often than dry type.The oil
needs to be sampled,but the dry type transformer do not contain oil.5.2 Dry resin Type Transformer

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 6 SF6 Circuit Breaker
Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breakers protect electrical power stations and distribution systems by interrupting
electric currents, when tripped by a protective relay. Instead of oil, air, or a vacuum, a sulfur hexafluoride
circuit breaker uses sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas to cool and quench the arc on opening a circuit.
Advantages over other media include lower operating noise and no emission of hot gases, and relatively low
maintenance. Developed in the 1950s and onward, SF6 circuit breakers are widely used in electrical grids at
transmission voltages up to 800 kV, as generator circuit breakers, and in distribution systems at voltages up
to 35 kV.

6.1 SF6 Circuit Breaker Panel

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 6.2 SF6 Circuit Breaker Panel 2

Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breakers may be used as self-contained apparatus in outdoor air-insulated
substations or may be incorporated into gas-insulated switchgear which allows compact installations at
high voltages.

Current interruption in a high-voltage circuit breaker is obtained by separating two contacts in a medium,
such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), having excellent dielectric and arc-quenching properties. After contact
separation, current is carried through an arc and is interrupted when this arc is cooled by a gas blast of
sufficient intensity.

SF6 gas is electronegative and has a strong tendency to absorb free electrons. The contacts of the breaker are
opened in a high-pressure flow of sulfur hexafluoride gas, and an arc is struck between them. The gas
captures the conducting free electrons in the arc to form relatively immobile negative ions. This loss of
conducting electrons in the arc quickly builds up enough insulation strength to extinguish the arc.

A gas blast applied to the arc must be able to cool it rapidly so that gas temperature between the contacts is
reduced from 20,000 K to less than 2000 K in a few hundred microseconds, so that it is able to withstand the

25
transient recovery voltage that is applied across the contacts after current interruption. Sulfur hexafluoride is
generally used in present high-voltage circuit breakers at rated voltage higher than 52 kV.

Into the 1980s, the pressure necessary to blast the arc was generated mostly by gas heating using arc energy.
It is now possible to use low-energy spring-loaded mechanisms to drive high-voltage circuit breakers up to
800 kV.

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 6.3 SIEMENS CUBICLBUS
CIRCUIT BREAKER MODULE

Image 11. Siemens Cubiclebus Breaker

27
 7 UPS ROOM
Many industries opt for an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) for vital backup power when the
mains or regular supplier fails. Having an Uninterruptible Power Supply in place and properly set up
means, as the name suggests no interruption in power before your standby generator can kick in. This
can be absolutely crucial for many businesses, as even the shortest outage can have a catastrophic
effect on numerous processes.This US power is generally used for electronic devices such as
computers,servers in the industry.

It’s really important to make sure your Uninterruptible Power Supply is positioned in the right place.
You need it to be somewhere suitable, easily accessible, safe and secure. The design of your
Uninterruptible Power Supply room requires a good understanding of what it takes to properly install
and maintain UPS systems, as well as any potential hazards.

UPS rooms will also need to be well-ventilated and kept clean and free from debris. As well as
making sure there’s no dust or dirt that can interfere with equipment, you need to make sure your
UPS is easily accessed for regular maintenance, like checking UPS battery health. As an example,
your UPS system’s battery – lithium-ion or VRLA – will need servicing. They also need to be kept
away from potential hazards like particularly high or low temperatures or water.

7.1. UPS ROOM 1

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 7.2 UPS Room 2

Keeping your Uninterruptible Power Supply at the right temperature is crucial for both performance and
safety. Proper ventilation is crucial for any UPS room, keeping the temperature comfortable and ambient.
Lead acid batteries are releasers of hydrogen, so it’s recommended to equip the room with both temperature
gauges and hydrogen detectors to minimise the risk of fire.

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 8 PLC in Industry

A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is an industrial computer that has
been ruggedized and adapted for the control of manufacturing processes, such as assembly lines,
machines, robotic devices, or any activity that requires high reliability, ease of programming, and process
fault diagnosis. Dick Morley is considered as the father of PLC as he had invented the first PLC, the
Modicon 084, for General Motors in 1968.

PLCs can range from small modular devices with tens of inputs and outputs (I/O), in a housing integral with
the processor, to large rack-mounted modular devices with thousands of I/O, and which are often networked
to other PLC and SCADA systems

They can be designed for many arrangements of digital and analog I/O, extended temperature ranges,
immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact. Programs to control machine operation
are typically stored in battery-backed-up or non-volatile memory.

PLCs were first developed in the automobile manufacturing industry to provide flexible, rugged and easily
programmable controllers to replace hard-wired relay logic systems. Since then, they have been widely
adopted as high-reliability automation controllers suitable for harsh environments.

Image 14. PLC 1

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A PLC is an example of a hard real-time system since output results must be produced in response to input
conditions within a limited time, otherwise unintended operation will result.
There are two types of mechanical design for PLC systems. A single box, or a brick is a small
programmable controller that fits all units and interfaces into one compact casing, although, typically,
additional expansion modules for inputs and outputs are available. Second design type – a modular PLC –
has a chassis (also called a rack) that provides space for modules with different functions, such as power
supply, processor, selection of I/O modules and communication interfaces – which all can be customized
for the particular application.Several racks can be administered by a single processor and may have
thousands of inputs and outputs. Either a special high-speed serial I/O link or comparable communication
method is used so that racks can be distributed away from the processor, reducing the wiring costs for large
plants. Options are also available to mount I/O points directly to the machine and utilize quick
disconnecting cables to sensors and valves, saving time for wiring and replacing components.

Image 15. PLC 1

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 Image 16. PLC 2

PLCs are well adapted to a range of automation tasks. These are typically industrial processes in
manufacturing where the cost of developing and maintaining the automation system is high relative to the
total cost of the automation, and where changes to the system would be expected during its operational life.
PLCs contain input and output devices compatible with industrial pilot devices and controls; little electrical
design is required, and the design problem centers on expressing the desired sequence of operations. PLC
applications are typically highly customized systems, so the cost of a packaged PLC is low compared to the
cost of a specific custom-built controller design. On the other hand, in the case of mass-produced goods,
customized control systems are economical. This is due to the lower cost of the components, which can be
optimally chosen instead of a "generic" solution, and where the non-recurring engineering charges are
spread over thousands or millions of units.

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Programmable controllers are widely used in motion, positioning, or torque control. Some manufacturers
produce motion control units to be integrated with PLC so that G-code (involving a CNC machine) can be
used to instruct machine movements.

Image 17. PLC system in a rack, left-to-right: power supply unit (PSU), CPU, interface module (IM) and
communication processor (CP)

Communication
PLCs use built-in ports, such as USB, Ethernet, RS-232, RS-485, or RS-422 to communicate with external
devices (sensors, actuators) and systems (programming software, SCADA, HMI). Communication is carried
over various industrial network protocols, like Modbus, or EtherNet/IP. Many of these protocols are vendor
specific.

PLCs used in larger I/O systems may have peer-to-peer (P2P) communication between processors. This
allows separate parts of a complex process to have individual control while allowing the subsystems to co-
ordinate over the communication link. These communication links are also often used for HMI devices such
as keypads or PC-type workstations.

Formerly, some manufacturers offered dedicated communication modules as an add-on function where the
processor had no network connection built-in.
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Programmable controllers are widely used in motion, positioning, or torque control. Some manufacturers
produce motion control units to be integrated with PLC so that G-code (involving a CNC machine) can be
used to instruct machine movements.

8.2 SCADA in Industry

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is a control system architecture comprising computers,
networked data communications and graphical user interfaces for high-level supervision of machines and
processes. It also covers sensors and other devices, such as programmable logic controllers, which interface
with process plant or machinery.

he operator interfaces which enable monitoring and the issuing of process commands, like controller set
point changes, are handled through the SCADA computer system. The subordinated operations, e.g. the
real-time control logic or controller calculations, are performed by networked modules connected to the
field sensors and actuators.

The SCADA concept was developed to be a universal means of remote-access to a variety of local control
modules, which could be from different manufacturers and allowing access through standard automation
protocols. In practice, large SCADA systems have grown to become very similar to distributed control
systems in function, while using multiple means of interfacing with the plant. They can control large-scale
processes that can include multiple sites, and work over large distances as well as small distance. It is one of
the most commonly-used types of industrial control systems, in spite of concerns about SCADA systems
being vulnerable to cyberwarfare/cyberterrorism attacks.

ALARM HANDLING IN SCADA

An important part of most SCADA implementations is alarm handling. The system monitors whether
certain alarm conditions are satisfied, to determine when an alarm event has occurred. Once an alarm event
has been detected, one or more actions are taken (such as the activation of one or more alarm indicators, and
perhaps the generation of email or text messages so that management or remote SCADA operators are
informed). In many cases, a SCADA operator may have to acknowledge the alarm event; this may
deactivate some alarm indicators, whereas other indicators remain active until the alarm conditions are
cleared.

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Alarm conditions can be explicit—for example, an alarm point is a digital status point that has either the
value NORMAL or ALARM that is calculated by a formula based on the values in other analogue and
digital points—or implicit: the SCADA system might automatically monitor whether the value in an
analogue point lies outside high and low- limit values associated with that point.

Examples of alarm indicators include a siren, a pop-up box on a screen, or a coloured or flashing area on a
screen (that might act in a similar way to the "fuel tank empty" light in a car); in each case, the role of the
alarm indicator is to draw the operator's attention to the part of the system 'in alarm' so that appropriate
action can be taken.

35
 Image 18. SCADA interface

Industrial processes include manufacturing, process control, power generation, fabrication, and refining,
and may run in continuous, batch, repetitive, or discrete modes.
Infrastructure processes may be public or private, and include water treatment and distribution,
wastewater collection and treatment, oil and gas pipelines, electric power transmission and distribution,
and wind farms.
Facility processes, including buildings, airports, ships, and space stations. They monitor and control
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems (HVAC), access, and energy consumption.
However, SCADA systems may have security vulnerabilities, so the systems should be evaluated to
identify risks and solutions implemented to mitigate those risks.

36
 Image 19. SCADA interface 2

9. Conclusion
The overall experience of the internship was very invigorating. It was a great learning experience which
taught so many different things which cannot be learned through just academics. Doing the internship in
the middle of academics gave a clear idea of how the industry functions and what it needs. Internship
made me familiar of working under the authorities and following the hierarchy of instruction coming
from the management level. It also familiarized me with the process of reporting to the authorities about
the daily tasks performed. Internship helped me to develop important social skills. It helped me to

37
enhance the skills of public conversation, initiating conversations with unknown persons and approaching
the senior officials for any problems.
The internship program gave me the experience of the functioning of the industry and how the industry
works on the daily basis. It taught me how the industry come up with innovative solutions whenever they
face any issues in the day to day working..It also gave me the experience of briefing the authorities on a
regular basis about my work and taking valuable feedback from them.
Overall, this was a very fruitful and immensely helpful experience that will help me prepare for the
challenges that I will face after my graduation when I will enter the industry domain.

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 10 .References

1] https://www.urbanpro.com/plc-scada/plc-scada-introduction

2] Repair of power transformer by Z.khudyakov

3] https://www.ijert.org/review-on-circuit-breakers

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