O&M Manual_Vol.1

Loan 6037-IND: Tripura Urban and Tourism Development
Project (Urban Component)

Executing Agency
Urban Development Department, Government of Tripura
Implementing Agency
Tripura Urban Planning and Development Authority
Volume 1 of 2
O&M Manual
Represented by:
Project Director, Project Management Unit, Urban Development
Department, Government of Tripura
July 2023
Detailed Operation & Management Report
Project Readiness Financing for Improving Readiness of Integrated Urban Planning

and Infrastructure Development for Urban Local Bodies in Tripura
ADB Project Number 53276-001
Project Design and Management Consultant (PDMC-Urban)
Tripura, India
Tripura Urban Planning and Development Authority (TUDA)

Prepared for (Directorate of Urban Development, Government of Tripura)
5th Floor of U. D. Bhavan, Shakuntala Road
Near Rabindra Shatabarshiki Bhavan
Agartala-799001, Tripura (W), Tripura, India
PDMC - Urban
Prepared by
PS Srijan Corporate Park, Tower 1
Unit no 1304 & 1305, 13th Floor
Block EP & GP, Sector V, Salt Lake
Kolkata 700091, India
T +91 33 40176800
F +91 33 40176827
Tripura Urban Development Department

ABBREVIATION
ABD : Area Based Development
ADB : Asian Development Bank
AMRUT : Atal Mission for Rejuvenation & Urban Transformation
CAPEX : Capital Expenditures
CDP : City Development Plan
CPHEEO : Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation 3rd Edition
CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board
Crores : Indian unit of measurement equivalent to 10,000,000
CSP : City Sanitation Plan
CSC : Centralized SCADA Centre
Cum : Cubic meter
CWR : Clear Water Reservoir
D : Day
DI : Ductile Iron
DPR : Detailed Project Report
DW&SD : Drinking Water & Sanitation Department
EMP : Environment Management Plan
FR : Feasibility Report
GL : Ground Level
GIS : Geographical Information System
GoI : Government of India
Ha : Hectare
Hr : Hour
HHs : House holds
INR : Indian Rupee
IS : Indian Standard
K : Kilo (1,000)
KVA : Kilo volt amps
L : Litres
Lakhs : Indian unit of measurement equivalent to 100,000
lpcd (l/p/d) : Litre per capita per day
M : Meter
m2 : Meter Square
m3 : Meter Cube
MCJ : Municipal Corporation Jalandhar
MC : Municipal Corporation
MGD : Million Gallons per Day
Min : Minutes
mm : Millimetre
ML : Million Litre
MLD : Million Litre Per Day
MODWS : Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation
MoUD : Ministry of Urban Development
MoEF : Ministry of Environment & Forests
MPN : Most Probable Number
MT : Metric Ton
MSW : Municipal Solid Waste
NBC : National Building Code
NGO : Non-Governmental Organisation
NH : National Highway
NRW : Non-Revenue Water
O&M : Operation and Maintenance
OHSR : Overhead Service Reservoir
OHT : Over Head Tank
OPEX : Operating Expenses
PCC : Plain Cement Concrete
PDMC : Project Design and Management Consultancy
PHED : Public Health and Engineering Department

TPCB : Tripura Punjab Pollution Control Board
PPP : Public-private partnership
RCC : Reinforced Cement Concrete
RL : Reduced Level
SBM : Swachh Bharat Mission
s : Second
SC : Schedule Caste
Sec : Second
SCADA : Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SLB : Service Level Benchmark
SOR : Schedule of Rates
SPCBs : State Pollution Control Boards
Sq. km : Square kilometre
Sqm : Square Meter
ST : Schedule Tribe
STP : Sewage Treatment Plant
SWM : Solid Waste Management
TPD : Tonnes per day
UGSR : Under Ground Service Reservoir
ULB : Urban Local Body
WTP : Water Treatment Plan

Water Supply-Table Of Content

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Project Description 1
2 RATIONAL OF O&M MANUAL 3
3 COMPONENTS 4
3.1 Water Supply 4

3.1.1 Aspects Considered in O&M 4
3.1.1.1 How to Use the O&M Manual in the Project 5
3.2 Inventory for Water Supply Scheme in 12 Towns 6
4 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP) FOR WATER SUPPLY

SYSTEM 7
4.1 Introduction 7
4.1.1 Background 7
4.1.2 Objectives 7
4.1.3 Benefits 7
4.2 Scope 8
4.2.1 Intake Structures 8
4.2.2 Water Treatment Plants 8
4.2.3 Deep Tube Wells 8
4.2.4 Iron Removal Filters 8
4.2.5 Transmission Mains and Distribution Networks 8
4.2.6 Emergency Response 9
4.3 Responsibilities 9
4.3.1 Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DWS) 9
4.3.2 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) 9
4.3.3 Contractor 9
4.4 Emergency Response 9

4.4.1 Emergency Response Plan Development 9
4.4.2 Communication Protocols 10
4.4.3 Drills and Exercises 10
4.4.4 Backup Power Supply 10
4.4.5 Emergency Storage Facilities 10
4.5 Monitoring and Evaluation 10

4.5.1 Performance Monitoring 10

4.5.2 Evaluation and Review 11
4.5.3 Continuous Improvement 11
4.6 Conclusion 11
5 WORKFLOW PROCESS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (O&M) OF

THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM 12
5.1 Work Order Management 12
5.2 Maintenance Activities 12
5.3 Spare Parts and Inventory Management 12
5.4 Equipment and Asset Management 13
5.5 Record Sheet and Log Management 13
5.6 Utilization of Record Data 13
5.7 Record Sheet and Log Management 14
6 COST, BILLING, AND COLLECTION 16
6.1 Levy and Collection of Water Charges 16
6.2 Water Connection 16
6.3 Rates of Water Tariff 16
6.4 Penalties for Late Payment 17
6.5 Disconnection/Cutting of Water Connection 17
6.6 Reconnection 18
6.7 Concessions for Advanced Payments 18
6.8 Expenses 19
6.9 Revenue 19
7 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING 21

7.1 Introduction 21
7.2 Water Treatment Plants 21
7.3 Raw Water Transmission Mains and Clear-Water Transmission Mains 21
7.4 Overhead Storage Tanks 21
7.5 Water Supply Distribution Pipelines 21
7.6 Bulk Water Meters and Multijet Magnetic Consumer Water Meters 22
7.7 Deep Tube Wells 22
7.8 Iron Removal Plants (IRPs) 22
7.9 O&M Services and Contract Management 22

7.10 Conclusion 22
8 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 23
8.1 Introduction 23
8.2 Workforce Planning 23
8.3 Recruitment and Selection 23

8.3.1 Estimated Personnel Requirements 23
8.3.1.1 Water Treatment Plants 23
8.3.1.2 Raw Water Transmission Main 23
8.3.1.3 Clear Water Transmission Main 24
8.3.1.4 Overhead Storage Tanks 24
8.3.1.5 Water Supply Distribution Pipelines 25
8.3.1.6 Deep Tube Wells (DTWs) 25
8.3.1.7 Iron Removal Plants (IRPs) 26
8.4 Training and Development 26
8.5 Performance Management 26
8.6 Career Development and Succession Planning 26
8.7 Employee Engagement and Welfare 27
8.8 Ongoing Contract Management 27
8.9 Conclusion 27

Annexures for Water Supply Components
Water Supply Annex A Inventory for Water Resource Scheme 28
Water Supply Annex B Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) 29
Water Supply Annex C Workflow process for Operation & Maintenance (Forms and Log
Sheets) 30

PREAMBLE
The Govt of Tripura got one Project Readiness Financing (PRF) loan from ADB to prepare the Feasibility
study of the Detail Project Report for Tripura Urban & Tourism Development Project (TUTDP). This aims
to improve the urban infrastructure facilities for the 20 towns across the state and to improve the Tourism
destinations with connectivity to attract more tourist to improve the economy. To get investment ready
detail reports GOT has appointed 2 Project Design and Management Consultant (PDMC -Urban & PDMC-
Tourism), 1 each for Urban and Tourism Viz. The domain of the work is the urban Infrastructure integrated
with the Tourism development limited to 4 components like (i) Water supply (ii) Septage & sanitation (iii)
improve the urban transport and (iv) Storm water drainage in 20 towns (7 HQs and 13 ULBs) in Tripura
state also.
For preparation of the Project readiness Govt of Tripura assigned Urban Development Department (UDD)
as Executing Agency (EA) and Tripura Urban Planning & Development Authority (TUDA) as Implementing
Agency (IA). TUDA has appointed Tractebel GKW as Project Design & Management Consultant (PDMC)
having the joint venture with, Almonds, SHREI & Vision EIS.
Preparation of the Operation & Maintenance Manual (O&M) is a part of the counterpart deliverables of
37 milestone of the TOR of PDMC-U, Scope the works will remain confined within the 4 components of
the work as mentioned above.
This Operation & Maintenance Manual is an instrument, which describe the operational procedures to
follow up to run the assets that are constructed. It presents the general procedures and guidelines to
follow in successive element and functionaries of plant. This manual, therefore, delineates organizational
responsibilities, lines of communications and regulations and limitations of authority for all staff. This
manual also provides procedures for carrying out tasks related to inspections, identifying the problem etc.
and escalating to the higher level for restoration of the assets in time bound manner including general
correspondence to maintain a sustainable continuous services to the end users without interruption. This
is more important for the water treatment Plant and distribution services in general. Although this manual
provides standard operational procedure (SOP) for dealing with likely typical problems but also give
guidelines to face the eventualities. It deals with day-to-day technical, work force requirement, tools, and
plants etc. and intervention thereto, to provide solutions for the end user.
This manual will help in efficient, safe, and consistent maintenance of the system in strict conformance to
the standards and requirements. In the project there are 4 components i.e., Water Supply, Urban Roads,
Storm water Drainage and Septage. Water supply project is designed with provision of O&M for 5 years
whereas other 3 components will not have O&M part in the contract of execution. These will be
constructed and commissioned and will be handed over to the respective stakeholders. However, there
will be DLP for one year in all these 4 components works after commissioning.
O&M manual cover standard practice for water Supply projects in detail along with the guideline for
related issues as per the CPHEEO manual for Water supply, Storm water drainage and Septage and that
of MORTH for urban roads.
Though Septage is a part of the PDMC contract, it is now being executed by Govt. of Tripura. Also, the
project has been deleted from the proposal under ADB Loan. It is decided that the O&M Manual for
Septage will be submitted to TUDA separately.
PDMC-Urban

Executive Summary
Due to rapid urbanization in India during last two decades, the infrastructure deficiencies are quite acute
in many states, which have affected quality of life and health of urban population. Urbanization in India is
growing at a faster rate 31% at present. This is targeted at 48% towards 2050. The need for urbanization
does not require any explanation; The GDP for the urban area is much higher than the rural area due to
availability of many civic facilities, and opportunity of employment etc. The social, environmental,
educational, cultural, and other living conditions are much more congenial that attracts the people to live
in the urban area. With improved infrastructure development, the state will have potential to step
forward towards advancement with its natural resources, rich culture, tradition, and natural beauty.
To improve unban infrastructure in the state, Government of Tripura, has obtained a loan of 4.21 million
USD from Asian Development through the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance,
Government of India for a Project Readiness Financing (PRF) facility to prepare investment ready Tripura
Urban and Tourism development projects in 20 towns, (7 HQs and 13 ULBs) in Tripura. The key objectives
of the PRF are: (i) Strategic planning and prioritization of urban development infrastructures projects to
propel sustained economic growth. (ii) Facilitate improved project readiness, through feasibility studies,
detailed project reports (DPRs), and other project preparation activities and (iii) strengthening of
institutional capacity of urban development agencies to plan, develop, implement, and manage projects
as well as infrastructure assets.
Tripura State is also undergoing urbanization. Government of Tripura has taken initiatives to develop 20
towns1 (7 HQs and 13 ULBs) with urban infrastructure in 5 major components viz. (i) water supply, (ii)
septage & sanitation (iii) storm water drainage, (iv) urban roads and traffic support system and (v) urban
amenities.
To improve unban infrastructure in the state, Government of Tripura has received a loan from Asian
Development Bank for a project readiness financing (PRF) facility for Integrated Urban Planning and
Infrastructure Development in 20 towns (7 HQs 7 & 13 ULBs). The purpose of the PRF loan is to prepare
investment ready urban infrastructure projects for the urban local bodies. Tripura Urban Planning and
Development Authority (TUDA) is the nodal agency to implement the PRF facility. TUDA has appointed
Project Design and Management Consultant (PDMC) to provide necessary support to implement the
facility or project.
The main outcomes under the PRF facility are:
i. Preparation of strategy for integrated urban infrastructure
ii. Improved readiness of prioritized projects in the identified 20 towns (now revised 12 towns),
leading to attract increased external/donor investments in urban infrastructure projects; and
iii. Foster more efficient development of urban infrastructure projects, better management of urban
assets, and strengthened capacity of urban development agencies to deliver urban services.
This report contains the various activities, standards and SOPs as required and is presented sequentially
in the following chapters. This text will point to the need, therefore, for all users, to exercise judgment
based on good engineering practice in all cases rather than blind adherence to the adopted guidelines.
This also points to the urgent need to periodically review and update relevant guidelines and procedures
and hence the manual is to be seen as an evolving guide.

1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Description
Due to rapid urbanization in India during last two decades, the infrastructure deficiencies are quite acute
in many states, which have affected quality of life and health of urban population. Govt. of India has
initiated large investments through multi-lateral funding to develop urban infrastructure in the country.
Tripura State is also undergoing urbanization. Government of Tripura has taken initiatives to develop 20
towns1 (7 HQs and 13 ULBs) with urban infrastructure in 5 major components viz. (i) water supply, (ii)
septage & sanitation (iii) storm water drainage, (iv) urban roads and traffic support system and (v) urban
amenities.
Govt. of Tripura has received one PRF loan of 4.21 million USD against project readiness financing for
Integrated Urban & Tourism Infrastructure development works in 20 towns of Tripura under the loan no.
6037-IND assisted by Asian Development Bank through the Department of External Affairs Ministry,
Government of India. The objectives for Urban components are (i) strategic Planning and prioritization of
urban development projects to propel sustainable economic growth (ii) facilitate improved project
readiness through feasibility studies, detailed project reports and other project preparation activities (iii)
integrated tourism infrastructure, marketing, and promotion strategies to promote tourism enhanced and
(iv) strengthening institutional capacity of urban development agencies to plan, develop, implement, and
manage projects and infrastructure assets.
The PRF will support the state government in holistic planning by developing priority infrastructure
investment projects with requisite institutional and/or sector reform actions to be implemented with the
infrastructure projects to support economic development of the state. The project, with a loan of
$4.21 million ADB financing, was signed on 18 December 2020 and became effective on 9th February
2021. The disbursement till 31st March 2023 is 2.53 million USD.
The major 5 (five) sectors emphasized in Urban component were (i) Water supply - safe, continuous,
pressurized, metered, potable water (ii) To ensure quick disposal of the storm water including flood free
town and retention of the ponds as the natural filtration sinks (iii) to ensure a Waste water & Septage
management plan based on a strategic development and (iv) to improve transport connectivity among
the urban centers and upgrading all weather roads within the planning area, removing traffic congestion,
junction improvements, traffic management , upgrading streetscape, street furniture as and where
necessary, making provision of footpath, road marking , signage etc. and (v) Urban Amenities-
development of markets and renovation of water bodies and place making for senior citizen and Kids and
women.
For preparation of the Project readiness Govt of Tripura assigned Urban Development Department (UDD)
as Executing Agency (EA) and Tripura Urban Planning & Development Authority (TUDA) and Tripura
Tourism Development Corporation Limited (TTDCL) as Implementing Agency (IA) for Urban and Tourism
components respectively.
TUDA has appointed one PDMC (Urban) to this project. The original PPR was estimated at 169.86 million
USD for Integrated development of Urban & Tourism. This figure was revised in the ADB Mission held
from 27 July to 4th August 2022. In place of 20 towns, it was decided to take up 12 towns in phase-I with
3 components only i.e., Water Supply, Urban Roads, Storm water Drainage. The size of the loan is reduced
to 100 million dollars including Tourism. The counterpart sharing by state government is 25 million USD.
Three major outputs are (i) Preparation of Urban Strategy and Investment Plan (ii) Feasibility studies,
detailed engineering designs and DPR preparation (iii) Preparation of Bid Documents (iv) Institutional
capacity development, urban reforms and strengthening initiatives required for all the 20 towns.
Tripura Urban Development Department P a g e |1

Preparation of the O&M Manual is under the scope of PDMC. This will describe the various steps and
processes to be followed for running the system in the right manner to give a continuous and quality
service at the user end. This O&M Manual is presented for the Urban components only i.e., Water Supply,
Septage, Urban Roads and Storm water Drainage.
TUDA has appointed one PDMC to this project. The original PPR was estimated at 169 million dollars for
Integrated development of Urban & Tourism (TUTDP). This figure was revised in the ADB Mission held
from 27th July to 4th August 2022. In place of 20 towns, it was decided to take up 12 towns with 4
components only i.e., Water Supply, Urban Roads, Storm water Drainage in Phase I and Septage is
considered under State Govt financing.. The size of the loan is reduced to 100 million dollars including
Tourism. The counterpart state government share is 25 million dollars.
The PDMC (Urban) has prepared the investment plan for 20 towns. DPRs, Bid Documents etc to roll out
the bid for 12 towns for 3 components i.e., water supply, urban road, storm water drainage, because
Septage will be considered under State finance.
Formulation & status of the bid shown in Table-1.
Under the urban 12 towns are considered with 4 priority components viz. Water Supply, Urban Roads,
and Strom Water Drainage. Feasibility study, detailed engineering designs reports are completed. Twelve
towns have been broken down in three clusters. Every cluster has two tender documents, one for water
supply (WS) and the other for Roads & Storm water (R&SD) drainage together. So 6 (six) bid documents
are prepared. Septage is considered under State finance.
Town Name Cluster I(A) Cluster II(A) Cluster III(A)

Melaghar
Dharmanagar
Khowai Bishramganj
Town Names Kailashahar
Mohanpur Udaipur
Kumarghat
Ranirbazar Amarpur
Ambassa
Belonia
A strategic procurement plan has been proposed with 6 packages along with 4 soft component packages.
1 (one) WS package has been bid out and it is under evaluation. Another 2 (two) WS packages are bid out,
awaiting opening. Bid document of another 3 (three) R&SD package is under scrutiny. The safeguard
documents are submitted for Water Supply packages. Others are under finalization. Bidding of soft
components will be taken up during the implementation period. The disbursement till 31st March 2023 is
2.53 million dollars.

2 Rational of O&M Manual

This O&M Manual has been prepared to describe the operational structure and to present the general
procedures and guidelines to be followed for all aspects of the O&M tasks related to the implementation
of the Contract works. This manual, therefore, delineates organizational responsibilities, lines of
communications and regulations and limitations of authority for Supervision staff. This manual also
provides procedures for carrying out tasks related to inspections, testing, reporting and general
correspondence.
Although this manual provides standard procedures for dealing with contractual issues such as Variation
Orders and extensions of time that arise during implementation of the works, it does not deal with day-
to-day technical requirements, nor does it provide solutions to technical problems, as these technical
issues are administered by the Specifications and other Contract Documents.
Every effort has been made to develop this manual so that adherence to its guidelines will result in
efficient, safe, and consistent supervision of the work in strict conformance to the Specifications and other
Contract requirements. This has led to the basic framework of this manual being based on O&M
procedures consistent with standard international practice for road-strengthening, widening and new
construction.
Unlike other projects this Project is combination of various subcomponents of different categories but
ultimately leading to goal for achieving the ease of leaving, safety of women, a resilient and retrofitting
urban infrastructure components like 24x7 water supply, sanitation & septage, Improvement of urban
roads, Improvement of storm water drainage and Urban Amenities like environment friendly water body,
open place- making etc.
This manual is not intended to be a contractual document nor is to take precedence over the specifications
and adherence to the adopted guidelines does not necessarily guarantee that these attributes are
achieved. Therefore, for all users, to exercise judgment based on good engineering practice in all cases
rather than blind adherence to the adopted guidelines is appreciated. This also points to the urgent need
to periodically review and update relevant guidelines and procedures and hence the manual is to be seen
as an evolving guide.

3 Components
As explained earlier there are three components Viz. Water Supply, Urban Roads & Storm water Drainage
considered within this project. Septage is considered under State financing. In this preface salient profiles
are described.
3.1 Water Supply

The Water Supply Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Manual has been developed as part of the
agreement between the consultant and the State Government of Tripura, specifically the Tripura Urban
Development Authority (TUDA). The manual plays a crucial role in the comprehensive efforts to enhance
urban infrastructure in the state, providing detailed guidance on operation and maintenance procedures,
checklists, standard operating procedures, safety guidelines, and other essential aspects of the water
supply infrastructure projects.
The manual addresses the operation and maintenance requirements of four water treatment plants that
will be strategically constructed across four towns in Tripura. These towns include Dharmanagar (with a
planned capacity of 10.8 million liters per day - MLD), Kailashahar (2.45 MLD), Kumarghat (2.3 MLD), and
Udaipur (7.6 MLD). Additionally, the manual covers the operation and maintenance aspects of 19 deep
tube wells distributed across five towns: Belonia, Ambassa, Khowai, Ranirbazar, and Mohanpur. The
combined groundwater abstraction of these deep tube wells is estimated at 0.008 billion cubic meters per
year. It also addresses the functioning of 20 iron removal filters, either integrated with the deep tube
wells or independently implemented across six towns: Ambassa, Khowai, Ranirbazar, Mohanpur,
Bishramganj, and Belonia. Furthermore, the manual comprehensively addresses the operation and
maintenance of transmission mains and distribution networks, in general.
The Manual plays a pivotal role in ensuring the efficient, effective, and sustainable operation and
maintenance of the water supply infrastructure across the designated towns in Tripura. By meticulously
adhering to the guidelines, procedures, and protocols outlined in this manual, the stakeholders involved
can effectively manage and maintain the infrastructure assets, ensuring the provision of safe and reliable
water supply services to the communities of Tripura. This endeavor ultimately contributes to the overall
enhancement of the quality of life and the continued development of the state.
Following completion, the Water Supply O&M Manual will be handed over to the Tripura Urban
Development Authority (TUDA), the executing agency responsible for overseeing the project.
3.1.1 Aspects Considered in O&M
In the context of the water supply project in Tripura, the Operation & Maintenance (O&M) phase plays a
crucial role in ensuring the long-term sustainability and functionality of the water supply schemes.
Insufficient attention to O&M has been a significant issue in several towns, leading to the deterioration
of systems and the need for premature replacements. It is essential to address key issues specific to the
project, including:
a. Financing: Inadequate finance has been a challenge in maintaining water supply systems. It is
crucial to allocate sufficient funds for O&M activities to ensure the effective functioning of the
infrastructure.
b. System Design: Appropriate system design is essential to minimize operational challenges and
facilitate efficient maintenance. The project should focus on designing the intake, treatment,
storage, and distribution structures in a manner that optimizes O&M efforts.

c. Training and Capacity Building: Inadequate training of personnel has been identified as a
contributing factor to poor O&M. The project should emphasize the training and capacity building
of staff involved in the operation and maintenance of the water treatment plants, deep tube wells,
iron removal filters, transmission mains, and distribution networks.
d. Performance Evaluation and Preventive Maintenance: Regular performance evaluation and

preventive maintenance are crucial to identify potential issues and address them before they lead
to system failures. The project should incorporate mechanisms for continuous monitoring,
evaluation, and preventive maintenance to ensure the longevity and efficiency of the water supply
systems.
e. Operation and Maintenance Manuals: The development of comprehensive Operation and

Maintenance manuals specific to the four Water Treatment Plants, deep tube wells, iron removal
filters, transmission mains, and distribution networks is essential. These manuals should outline
the operation and maintenance details, checklists, standard operating procedures, safety
measures, and other O&M aspects.
3.1.1.1 How to Use the O&M Manual in the Project
In the context of the water supply project in Tripura, the O&M Manual plays a crucial role in ensuring the
efficient operation and maintenance of the water supply systems.
i. Comprehensive Reference Document: The O&M Manual should serve as a comprehensive
reference document for all field personnel and O&M authorities involved in the project. It should
provide detailed information and guidelines specific to the project's components, including raw
water transmission mains, water treatment plants, deep tube wells, iron removal filters, and
distribution networks. The manual should cover the responsibilities and roles of both the
Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DWS) and the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in
operating and maintaining the water supply systems.
ii. Integration with Existing Manuals and Guidelines: The O&M Manual should be used in
conjunction with existing manuals and guidelines that are relevant to the project. This includes
manuals specific to equipment, machinery, treatment processes, and safety protocols. It should
also integrate the roles and responsibilities of the DWS, which oversees the overall operation
and maintenance of the water supply systems, and the ULBs, which are involved in tax collection
and other pricing-related aspects. The manual should provide guidance on coordinating efforts
between the DWS and ULBs for effective operation and maintenance.
iii. Customization to Project Requirements: The O&M Manual should be customized to reflect the
specific requirements of the project in Tripura. It should consider the roles and responsibilities
of the DWS and ULBs, as well as any specific regulations or policies in place for water supply
operations and maintenance in the region. Customization ensures that the manual aligns with
the project's unique context, enhancing its effectiveness.
iv. Regular Updates and Revision: The O&M Manual should be regularly updated and revised to
incorporate any changes in regulations, policies, or best practices related to water supply
systems. It should reflect the evolving roles and responsibilities of the DWS and ULBs in
operating and maintaining the water supply systems in Tripura. Regular updates ensure that the
manual remains current and aligned with the changing operational landscape.
v. Training and Capacity Building: The O&M Manual should serve as a crucial resource for training
and capacity building initiatives. It should outline the training requirements for field personnel,
operators, and maintenance staff, considering the roles and responsibilities of both the DWS
and ULBs. The manual should provide guidance on coordinating training programs between the

DWS and ULBs to ensure that the workforce is equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge
for effective operation and maintenance.
vi. Continuous Improvement: The O&M Manual should encourage a culture of continuous
improvement within the DWS and ULBs. It should provide mechanisms for feedback and
suggestions from field personnel and O&M authorities to identify areas for improvement in
operational practices, coordination, and resource allocation. This feedback loop helps drive
efficiency, effectiveness, and the overall success of the water supply project in Tripura.
By incorporating the roles and responsibilities of the DWS and ULBs into the O&M Manual, it becomes a
valuable tool for ensuring the smooth and sustainable operation and maintenance of the water supply
systems in Tripura, with coordinated efforts between the government department and local bodies.
3.2 Inventory for Water Supply Scheme in 12 Towns

The inventory provides a comprehensive list of components and equipment involved in the water supply
project. It includes various sources of water, treatment plants, pumping stations, distribution networks,
and storage facilities. The inventory serves as a reference document for planning, operation, and
maintenance activities, ensuring efficient management of the water supply system.
Refer Volume 2 (Annexures) for detailed inventory of water supply schemes in 12 towns.

4 Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Water Supply

System
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Background
The Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the Water Supply Systems aim to provide detailed guidelines
for the operation and maintenance of the water supply system in the 12 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) of
Tripura. This SOP ensures the efficient, sustainable, and reliable delivery of safe drinking water to the
communities residing in the ULBs.
4.1.2 Objectives
i. The specific objectives of this SOP are as follows:

ii. Establishing clear roles and responsibilities for the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation
(DWS), ULBs, and contractors involved in the construction, operation, and maintenance of the
water supply system.
iii. Ensuring compliance with regulatory standards, guidelines, and best practices for water supply
operations in Tripura.
iv. Enhancing the overall efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of the water supply system by
providing standardized procedures for operation, maintenance, and emergency response.
v. Optimizing the performance of water treatment plants, deep tube wells, iron removal filters,
transmission mains, and distribution networks across the 12 ULBs.
vi. Facilitating effective communication and collaboration among stakeholders involved in the
vii. Promoting continuous improvement through monitoring, evaluation, and updating of the SOP
based on lessons learned and emerging technologies.
viii. Ensuring the seamless transition of operational responsibilities from the contractor to the ULBs,
enabling long-term sustainability of the water supply system.
4.1.3 Benefits
Adhering to this SOP offers several benefits, including:
i. Provision of clean, safe, and reliable drinking water to the residents of Tripura, promoting public
health, social well-being, and economic development.
ii. Clearly defined roles and responsibilities, ensuring effective coordination among stakeholders.
iii. Compliance with regulatory standards, guidelines, and best practices, enhancing the quality and
reliability of the water supply system.
iv. Improved efficiency and sustainability through standardized procedures and optimized
operation and maintenance practices.
v. Effective communication and collaboration among stakeholders, fostering transparency and
accountability.
vi. Continuous improvement through periodic monitoring, evaluation, and updating of the SOP
based on emerging technologies and lessons learned.

vii. Sustainable operation and maintenance of the water supply system in the long term.
4.2 Scope
4.2.1 Intake Structures
i. Operation and maintenance of intake structures for water abstraction from the source.
ii. Ensuring proper functioning and regular inspection to prevent disruptions.
4.2.2 Water Treatment Plants
i. Operation and maintenance of four water treatment plants located in Dharmanagar,

Kailashahar, Kumarghat, and Udaipur.
ii. Monitoring and adjustment of treatment processes to produce safe and potable water in
compliance with regulatory standards.
iii. Routine maintenance of treatment plant equipment, including pumps, filters, clarifiers,
disinfection systems, and chemical dosing units.
iv. Regular sampling and analysis of treated water to assess water quality parameters and take
necessary corrective actions.
4.2.3 Deep Tube Wells
i. Operation and maintenance of 25 deep tube wells distributed across Belonia, Bishramganj,
Ambassa, Khowai, Ranirbazar, and Mohanpur.
ii. Regular monitoring of groundwater levels, pumping rates, and well performance for optimal
abstraction.
iii. Inspection and maintenance of well pumps, motors, and electrical connections for efficient
functioning.
iv. Periodic water quality testing to detect changes or contamination risks.
4.2.4 Iron Removal Filters
i. Operation and maintenance of 20 iron removal filters installed in Ambassa, Khowai, Ranirbazar,
and Mohanpur.
ii. Routine inspection and cleaning of filters to ensure effective removal of iron and other
impurities.
iii. Replacement of filter media when necessary to maintain optimal performance.
iv. Monitoring of influent and effluent water quality to assess the efficiency of iron removal.
4.2.5 Transmission Mains and Distribution Networks
i. Operation and maintenance of transmission mains and distribution networks in all 12 ULBs.
ii. Regular inspection for leaks, blockages, or other defects in pipelines and fittings.
iii. Prompt repair and replacement of damaged or malfunctioning components to minimize water
losses and service disruptions.
iv. Pressure monitoring and control to ensure adequate water supply and minimize system failures.

4.2.6 Emergency Response
i. Development of an emergency response plan to address potential water supply disruptions,

natural disasters, and other emergencies.
ii. Clear communication protocols among stakeholders for timely response and coordination
during emergencies.
iii. Conducting drills and exercises to test the effectiveness of the emergency response plan and
identify areas for improvement.
iv. Backup power supply arrangements to ensure continuous operation during power outages.
v. Provision of emergency storage facilities to ensure the availability of drinking water during
disruptions.
4.3 Responsibilities
4.3.1 Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DWS)
i. Overall coordination and supervision of the water supply system in Tripura.

ii. Development and periodic updating of the SOP in consultation with ULBs and other
stakeholders.
iii. Regulatory oversight, monitoring, and evaluation of the water supply system's performance.
iv. Capacity building and training programs for ULB staff and operators.
4.3.2 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)
i. Management and operation of the water supply system within their respective ULBs.
ii. Compliance with the SOP guidelines and regulatory requirements.
iii. Regular maintenance and inspection of water supply infrastructure and facilities.
iv. Monitoring of water quality, water quantity, and customer complaints.
v. Collaboration with DWS and contractors for effective system operation and maintenance.
4.3.3 Contractor
i. Construction, installation, and commissioning of water supply infrastructure as per the project
specifications.
ii. Provision of initial operation and maintenance support.
iii. Transfer of technical knowledge and documentation to ULBs for sustainable operation and
maintenance.
4.4 Emergency Response

4.4.1 Emergency Response Plan Development
i. Identification of potential emergency scenarios and their impact on the water supply system.
ii. Formulation of an emergency response plan detailing roles, responsibilities, and actions to be
taken.

iii. Integration of communication protocols and coordination mechanisms with relevant
stakeholders.
iv. Regular review and updating of the emergency response plan based on lessons learned and
changing circumstances.
4.4.2 Communication Protocols
i. Establishment of clear communication channels among DWS, ULBs, emergency services, and
other stakeholders.
ii. Designation of emergency contact persons and their contact details.
iii. Procedures for reporting and disseminating information during emergencies.
iv. Regular testing of communication systems and protocols to ensure effectiveness.
4.4.3 Drills and Exercises
i. Conducting drills and exercises to test the emergency response plan and assess the readiness of
stakeholders.
ii. Simulation of various emergency scenarios to identify strengths, weaknesses, and areas for
improvement.
iii. Documentation and evaluation of drill outcomes, followed by necessary revisions to the
emergency response plan.
4.4.4 Backup Power Supply
i. Provision of backup power supply systems for critical water supply infrastructure, such as water
treatment plants and pumping stations.
ii. Regular maintenance and testing of backup power systems to ensure their operational
readiness.
iii. Adequate fuel storage and distribution arrangements for extended power outages.
4.4.5 Emergency Storage Facilities
i. Identification of suitable locations for emergency water storage facilities within ULBs.
ii. Construction and maintenance of storage tanks or containers to store an adequate supply of
drinking water during emergencies.
iii. Regular inspection and testing of emergency storage facilities to ensure water quality and
integrity.
4.5 Monitoring and Evaluation

4.5.1 Performance Monitoring
i. Regular monitoring of key performance indicators (KPIs) to assess the overall performance of
the water supply system.
ii. KPIs may include water quality compliance, water loss rates, customer complaints, response
time for repairs, and system downtime.
Tripura Urban Development Department P a g e | 10

iii. Data collection, analysis, and reporting on KPIs to identify trends, anomalies, and areas requiring
improvement.
4.5.2 Evaluation and Review
i. Periodic evaluation of the SOP's effectiveness in achieving its objectives.

ii. Assessment of the water supply system's performance against regulatory standards, guidelines,
and best practices.
iii. Stakeholder consultations and feedback collection to gather insights for SOP improvements.
iv. Incorporation of lessons learned, emerging technologies, and best practices into the SOP
through regular updates.
4.5.3 Continuous Improvement
i. Identification of areas for improvement based on monitoring, evaluation, and stakeholder

feedback.
ii. Formulation and implementation of improvement plans to address identified gaps.
iii. Capacity building programs and training initiatives to enhance the skills and knowledge of staff
involved in water supply operations.
4.6 Conclusion
The Standard Operating Procedure for the Water Supply System in Tripura provides comprehensive
guidelines for the operation, maintenance, and emergency response of the water supply system in the 12
ULBs. By adhering to this SOP, the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, ULBs, and contractors
can ensure the efficient, sustainable, and reliable delivery of safe drinking water to the communities in
Tripura. Continuous monitoring, evaluation, and improvement will help maintain the highest standards of
water supply services, promoting public health, and contributing to the overall well-being and
development of the region. Refer Volume 2 to get a breakdown of the SOP for each component with their
respective details.

5 Workflow Process for Operation and Maintenance

(O&M) of the Water Supply System
5.1 Work Order Management
Identification of Maintenance and Repair Needs: The O&M team conducts regular inspections of the
water supply system to identify maintenance and repair needs. They also consider feedback from
customers and monitoring systems to identify potential issues or areas for improvement.
Generation of Work Orders: Once maintenance and repair needs are identified, work orders are
generated. These work orders include detailed information such as the location of the task, priority level,
specific tasks to be performed, and the personnel responsible for carrying out the work.
Prioritization of Work Orders: Work orders are prioritized based on factors such as urgency, safety
considerations, and the impact on water supply services. This ensures that critical tasks are addressed
promptly, and that the overall operation of the water supply system remains efficient.
Assignment of Work Orders: After prioritization, work orders are assigned to maintenance teams or
contractors based on their expertise and availability. Proper assignment ensures that the right personnel
with the necessary skills and resources are responsible for each task.
5.2 Maintenance Activities

Preventive Maintenance: Preventive maintenance activities are carried out based on predetermined
schedules. These activities include regular servicing, lubrication, calibration, and inspection of equipment
and infrastructure. By proactively maintaining the system, potential issues can be identified and
addressed before they lead to major failures or disruptions.
Reactive Maintenance: Reactive maintenance involves responding to unexpected breakdowns, leaks, or

system failures. When such incidents occur, the O&M team takes immediate action to assess the situation,
diagnose the problem, and carry out the necessary repairs or replacements. Prompt response and
resolution minimize service disruptions and restore the water supply system to its optimal functioning.
Customer Complaint Resolution: The O&M team responds to customer complaints related to water
supply issues. They investigate the problems reported by customers, identify the root causes, and take
appropriate measures to address them. Resolving customer complaints not only ensures customer
satisfaction but also helps identify any underlying system issues that require maintenance or
improvement.
Occupational Health and Safety: The O&M team follows strict occupational health and safety procedures
during maintenance activities. They use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), follow safety
protocols, and adhere to relevant regulations and standards. Ensuring the safety of personnel involved in
maintenance activities is essential to prevent accidents and injuries.
5.3 Spare Parts and Inventory Management

Inventory Management: The O&M team manages the inventory of spare parts, tools, and equipment
required for maintenance and repairs. They maintain a detailed inventory list that includes information
such as item descriptions, quantities, and suppliers. Regular stocktaking and monitoring of inventory
levels are conducted to ensure that critical items are readily available when needed.

Procurement: When spare parts or materials are needed, the O&M team follows approved procurement
procedures. They identify reliable suppliers, obtain price quotations, and select the most suitable options
based on quality, availability, and cost. Proper procurement ensures that genuine and high-quality parts
are used for maintenance, minimizing the risk of premature failures.
Storage and Organization: The O&M team ensures proper storage, labeling, and organization of spare
parts to facilitate efficient retrieval and minimize downtime. They establish dedicated storage areas with
appropriate shelving, bins, or racks to store the inventory securely and prevent damage or loss.
5.4 Equipment and Asset Management

Identification and Tagging: All equipment and assets within the water supply system are identified,
tagged, and documented. Each item is assigned a unique identification code or label that allows for easy
tracking and reference. This ensures accurate documentation and accountability for all equipment and
assets.
Preventive Maintenance Scheduling: The O&M team establishes preventive maintenance schedules for
different equipment and assets. These schedules outline the frequency and specific tasks to be performed,
such as inspections, lubrication, or component replacements. Adhering to these schedules helps extend
the lifespan of equipment, minimize breakdowns, and optimize performance.
Equipment Calibration and Testing: The O&M team conducts regular calibration and testing of equipment
to ensure accurate measurements and proper functioning. This is particularly important for instruments
and devices that monitor water quality, flow rates, or pressure. Calibrated equipment provides reliable
data for operational decision-making and regulatory compliance.
Asset Performance Monitoring: The O&M team monitors the performance of assets within the water
supply system, such as pumps, valves, and treatment units. They collect data on factors such as energy
consumption, efficiency, and reliability. Analyzing this data helps identify trends, potential issues, or areas
for improvement, allowing for proactive maintenance and optimization of asset performance.
5.5 Record Sheet and Log Management

Importance of Record Keeping: Accurate record-keeping is crucial for effective O&M of the water supply
system. Record sheets and logs provide a historical record of maintenance activities, repairs,
replacements, and system performance. They serve as a reference for future maintenance, support
troubleshooting efforts, and aid in decision-making and resource planning.
Data to be Recorded: The O&M team ensures that relevant data is recorded in the record sheets and logs.
This includes details such as the date and time of maintenance activities, tasks performed, equipment
used, materials consumed, and any observations or findings. The records should capture both preventive
maintenance and reactive maintenance activities.
5.6 Utilization of Record Data

Trend Analysis: The O&M team analyzes the recorded data to identify patterns or trends in system
performance, failure rates, or equipment lifespan. This helps in predicting potential failures and taking
preventive measures to minimize downtime and disruptions.
Performance Evaluation: The recorded data is used to evaluate the performance of the water supply
system, individual assets, and maintenance activities. Key performance indicators (KPIs) such as uptime,
response time, and maintenance costs are derived from the data for assessment and improvement
purposes.

Reporting and Compliance: The O&M team generates regular reports based on the recorded data to
provide updates on maintenance activities, system performance, and compliance with regulatory
requirements. They share these reports with relevant stakeholders, such as the DWS, ULBs, contractors,
and regulatory authorities.
Utilization of Maintenance Data: The recorded data is utilized for evidence-based decision-making,
budgeting, and resource allocation. By analyzing the maintenance data, the O&M team can identify areas
where investments or improvements are needed, justify budget requests, and allocate resources
effectively.
5.7 Record Sheet and Log Management
Aspect Description
Importance of Record
- Provides a comprehensive and accurate historical record of all maintenance
Keeping
activities, repairs, replacements, and system performance over time.
- Supports future maintenance, troubleshooting, and decision-making by
providing a reference point for previous work done on the system.
- Aids in resource planning and allocation by providing insights into the
frequency and types of maintenance tasks performed.
- Assists in compliance with regulatory requirements and standards by
documenting maintenance activities and ensuring adherence to prescribed
procedures.
- Date and time: The specific date and time when maintenance activities are
Data to be Recorded
conducted.
- Tasks performed: Detailed description of the maintenance tasks carried out,
including repairs, adjustments, inspections, cleaning, and testing.
- Equipment used: List of tools, instruments, and equipment utilized during
maintenance activities.
- Materials consumed: Record of the materials, spare parts, lubricants, or
chemicals used during maintenance, including quantities and specifications.
- Observations or findings: Noting any abnormalities, issues, or observations
made during maintenance, such as leaks, malfunctions, or signs of wear and
tear.
Utilization of Record
- Trend analysis: Analyzing maintenance records over time to identify patterns
Data
or trends in system performance, failure rates, or recurring issues.
- Performance evaluation: Assessing the performance of the water supply
system and its components using key performance indicators (KPIs) derived
from the recorded data.
- Reporting and compliance: Generating reports based on maintenance records
for stakeholders, regulatory authorities, or auditing purposes.
- Decision-making and planning: Utilizing maintenance data to make informed
decisions regarding system improvements, replacements, budgeting, and
resource allocation.

Aspect Description
Record Sheet and Log

- Proper storage and organization: Establishing a systematic filing system,
Management Best
whether physical or digital, to ensure easy access, retrieval, and maintenance of
Practices
records.
- Digital systems or software: Implementing maintenance management systems
or computerized maintenance management systems (CMMS) for electronic
data entry, retrieval, and analysis.
- Regular backup and archiving: Implementing backup procedures for electronic
records to prevent data loss and establishing an archiving process for historical
records.
- Standardized formats and templates: Using standardized record sheets and log
formats to ensure consistency, accuracy, and ease of data entry.
- Staff training and awareness: Providing training to personnel involved in
maintenance to ensure they understand the importance of record keeping and
know how to accurately document maintenance activities.
- Periodic review and audit: Conducting regular reviews of records and logs to
ensure completeness, accuracy, and adherence to prescribed procedures.
Refer Volume 2 for more information on Data Sheets, Logs and Workflow.

6 Cost, Billing, and Collection

6.1 Levy and Collection of Water Charges
The concerned Municipality, either directly or through an Authorized Agency, is responsible for levying
and collecting water charges/fees from consumers within the Municipal areas. These charges apply to
consumers who receive water supply or are connected to the water supply system through water tanks,
supply mains, sub-mains, public water points, or any other means.
6.2 Water Connection

i. There are two types of water connections: Domestic Water Connections and Commercial Water
Connections. The owner of any land, building, or government premises within the Municipal
areas where water supply is available can apply to the Municipality for a water connection.
ii. The Municipality shall notify a detailed procedure for obtaining a water connection.
iii. The Municipality is required to provide water connections within 15 working days of receiving
the application, subject to technical feasibility. For the first-time installation of a domestic water
connection, there will be no installation charges.
6.3 Rates of Water Tariff

i. Separate charges will be applicable for Domestic Water Connections and Commercial Water
Connections.
ii. The rates of water charges for both domestic and commercial connections with meters will be
notified by the concerned Municipality. These rates will be based on the units of water
consumption determined from meter readings to ensure sustainability and efficiency in the
iii. For non-metered domestic and commercial water connections, flat charges per month will be
notified by the Municipality. These charges will be set to match the corresponding metered
water rates, ensuring sustainability and efficiency in the water supply system.
iv. The Municipality, with the consent of the State Government, may provide subsidies to
consumers of domestic water connections for water consumption up to a certain initial unit
limit, subject to availability of matching grants from the State Government.
v. Water supply charges will be due from the date of water connection. However, for domestic
connections, there will be no water charges for the first three months after the installation of
the water connection.
vi. The Municipality will issue water bills to consumers every month through various modes such
as email, post, messenger, or any other notified method.
vii. Water charges can be paid by consumers to the Municipality every month through digital
payment modes, cash, cheque, or designated kiosks such as Common Service Centers, as
specified by the Municipality.
viii. Water charges will be collected separately and will not be combined with property tax bills. The
Municipality may utilize existing bill collection mechanisms, like those used by government
agencies like TSECL, to ensure efficiency and cost-effectiveness in the collection system.
ix. Water charges will be revised once every three years. However, the Municipality may propose
an early revision of water charges to the State Government based on the financial condition.
The charges typically range between Rs. 40 to Rs. 50 per month.

6.4 Penalties for Late Payment
i. If a consumer fails to pay the monthly water charges by the 15th day of the succeeding month,
they will be liable to pay the water bill for that month with a 10% penalty charge.
ii. If a consumer fails to pay the monthly water charges for two consecutive months, they will be
liable to pay the water bill for both months with a 20% penalty charge.
6.5 Disconnection/Cutting of Water Connection

The Municipality has the authority to disconnect a water connection under the following circumstances:
i. The consumer is in default of payment for three consecutive months. The Municipality will issue
a written notice providing an opportunity for the consumer to be heard. If the consumer is ready
to pay the water charges after receiving the notice, the Municipality will not disconnect the
water connection but will levy and collect a 100% penalty charge on the three-month bill.
ii. The premises are locked, and there is nobody to receive the water bills for two consecutive
months. The Municipality will affix a notice in the name of the consumer at a conspicuous
location in the premises. If the consumer does not pay the bills or cannot be traced within seven
days, the Municipality will immediately cut/disconnect the water connection.
iii. The consumer fails to pay property taxes for the premises in that year. The Municipality will
issue a seven-day notice for payment of the property taxes for that quarter. If the consumer
does not pay the property taxes within seven working days, the Municipality will disconnect the
water connection without further notice.
iv. The consumer willfully damages the pipelines, tampers with the water meters, or is involved in
water theft, as determined by the Municipality after an investigation.
v. The owner or occupier of the land or building draws water directly from the distribution line by
pumping.
vi. The owner or occupier of any land or building refuses to allow authorized officers or employees
from the Municipality to inspect water supply connections or fittings or prevents them from
conducting inspections.
vii. Any pipe works or fittings connected with the water supply are found to be out of order, causing
significant water wastage that requires immediate prevention.
viii. A leak in the service pipe or fittings causes damage to a public street, necessitating immediate
prevention.
ix. There is a water pipe within the land or building without an attached tap or efficient means of
turning off the water.
x. The water connection is unauthorized or obtained through misrepresentation.
xi. The consumer applies for disconnection of the water connection, for which the Municipality will
levy disconnection charges as per the rates notified.
Before disconnecting any water connection, except in the case mentioned in rule 12(i)(k), the Municipality
will provide a notice, giving the consumer an opportunity to be heard.

6.6 Reconnection
i. After a water connection is disconnected according to rule 12(i)(a)(b)(c), if the consumer wishes
to restore the water connection, they will be subject to extra charges of Rs. 2,000/- in addition
to the regular water connection charges.
ii. After a water connection is disconnected according to rule 12(i)(g)(h)(i)(j)(k), if the consumer
wants to restore the water connection, there will be no extra charges, except for the regular
water connection charges.
iii. After a water connection is disconnected according to rule 12(i)(d)(e)(f), if the consumer wants
to restore the water connection, they will be subject to an extra charge of Rs. 5,000/- in addition
to the regular water connection charges.
6.7 Concessions for Advanced Payments

i. Consumers who wish to pay average water bills for three months in advance will be entitled to
a 3% concession on the actual bills each month. If there is any remaining balance after three
months, it will be adjusted in next month's water bill. If there is a deficit, the deficit amount will
be added to the next month's water bill.
ii. Consumers who wish to pay average water bills for six months in advance will be entitled to a
5% concession on the actual bills each month. Any remaining balance after six months will be
adjusted in next month's water bill. If there is a deficit, the deficit amount will be added to the
next month's water bill.
iii. Consumers who wish to pay average water bills for nine months in advance will be entitled to a
7% concession on the actual bills each month. If there is any remaining balance after nine
months, it will be adjusted in the next month's water bill. If there is a deficit, the deficit amount
will be added to the next month's water bill.
iv. Consumers who wish to pay average water bills for twelve months in advance will be entitled to
a 9% concession on the actual bills each month. Any remaining balance after twelve months will
be adjusted in next month's water bill. If there is a deficit, the deficit amount will be added to
the next month's water bill.
These provisions are put in place to ensure efficient and sustainable water supply systems and encourage
timely payment of water charges. The Municipality will issue water bills to consumers every month
through various modes of communication such as email, post, messenger, or any other notified method.
Water charges can be paid by consumers through digital modes of payment, cash, cheques, or specified
kiosks such as Common Service Centers. The Municipality will collect water charges separately and not
combine them with property tax bills. It may utilize existing bill collection mechanisms to bring efficiency
and economy to the collection system. The rates of water charges for domestic and commercial water
connections, with and without meters, will be notified by the concerned Municipality. The charges will be
revised every three years, or earlier based on the Municipality's proposal and the financial condition. The
charges are expected to range between Rs. 40 to Rs. 50 per month.
If consumers fail to pay the monthly water charges within the 15th day of the succeeding month, they will
be liable to pay the water bill of that month with a 10% penalty charge. If they fail to pay the monthly
water charges for consecutive two months, they will be liable to pay the water bill of those two months
with a 20% penalty charge. The Municipality will raise bills to collect the penalty and any other extra
charges from the consumers.
In case of disconnection or cutting of water connection, the Municipality will follow specific procedures
depending on the circumstances:

If a consumer is in default of payment for three consecutive months, the Municipality will disconnect the
water connection after providing an opportunity to be heard through a written notice. If the consumer is
ready to pay the water charges after receiving the notice, the Municipality will not disconnect the water
connection but will levy and collect a 100% penalty charge on the three-month bill.
6.8 Expenses
Table – Expenses
Type of cost Cost component Cost (Rs. /year)

• Minimum demand charge
Electricity • Consumption charge
• Tax
• Spring intake / headworks
• Pumps
• Water treatment plants
Minor repairs • Storage and distribution pipelines
• Customer services
• Water safety
• Connections
• Operator (manager)
• Handpump caretakers
• Pump operators
Salaries and wages • Bill collectors
• Valve operator
• Contract labour
• Others
• Spares
• Chemicals
Consumables
• Admin (stationary, transport, telephone, etc.)
• Tools
Water quality • Lab tests
• For Operator
Training
• For VWSC members
IEC • Awareness generating activities
6.9 Revenue
Table – Revenue
Tariff and Budget Unit Value
Number of Number
domestic
connections
Number of non- Number

domestic /
commercial
connections

Tariff and Budget Unit Value
Monthly tariff for Rs. /Month

domestic
connections
Monthly tariff for Rs. /Month

non-domestic /
commercial
connections
Other revenues, Rs. /Month

e.g., community
standposts,
institutions
Total amount Rs. /Month

billed per month
Total amount Rs. /Month

collected per
month
Collection %
efficiency (=
amount billed /
amount collected)
Estimated income Rs. /Year

from water
revenues
Table – Annual surplus / deficit
Income and expenses Rs. /Year
Total staff costs
Total maintenance costs
Estimated income from water revenues
Surplus/deficit

7 Institutional Capacity Building and Training

7.1 Introduction
Institutional capacity building and training are crucial components of ensuring the effective operation and
maintenance of water supply systems. The water supply infrastructure in the towns of Udaipur,
Kumarghat, Kailashahar, and Dharmanagar includes various components such as water treatment plants,
raw water transmission mains, clear-water transmission mains, overhead storage tanks, water supply
distribution pipelines, bulk water meters, MultiJet magnetic consumer water meters, deep tube wells,
and iron removal plants (IRPs). This chapter provides a detailed overview of the institutional capacity
building and training required for each component of the water supply system.
7.2 Water Treatment Plants

The water treatment plants in Udaipur, Kumarghat, Kailashahar, and Dharmanagar are traditional facilities
equipped with plate settlers or clariflocculators. To ensure efficient operation and maintenance of these
plants, a comprehensive training program should be developed. The program should cover topics such as
water treatment principles, coagulation and flocculation processes, chemical dosing, sedimentation and
filtration techniques, disinfection methods, water quality monitoring, laboratory analysis, and equipment
maintenance. The training should include theoretical sessions, practical demonstrations, and hands-on
experience to enable the operators to effectively operate the treatment plants, monitor the process
parameters, handle chemicals safely, troubleshoot issues, and perform routine maintenance tasks.
7.3 Raw Water Transmission Mains and Clear-Water Transmission

Mains
The raw water transmission mains and clear-water transmission mains in the towns have varying lengths
and are made of ductile iron (DI) pipes ranging from 100mm to 400mm in diameter. Training programs
should focus on the inspection, maintenance, and repair of these pipelines. The training should cover
topics such as pipeline layout and design, pipe material properties, valve operations, leak detection
techniques, pipeline flushing, pressure management, corrosion control, and pipeline integrity assessment.
The operators should be trained in the use of advanced technologies such as acoustic leak detection
equipment and pipeline inspection tools. The training should also emphasize safety procedures and
protocols for working with pressurized pipelines and excavation activities.
7.4 Overhead Storage Tanks

The towns have different numbers and capacities of overhead storage tanks, with a common staging
height of 18m for all tanks. Training programs for the operators should cover topics such as tank design
and construction, water level monitoring, cleaning and disinfection practices, maintenance of inlet and
outlet valves, safety measures for working at heights, and inspection of tank structural integrity. The
operators should also be trained in the use of telemetry systems and remote monitoring devices to enable
effective management of water levels, overflow prevention, and timely maintenance of the tanks.
7.5 Water Supply Distribution Pipelines

Expansion and remodelling works of the water supply distribution pipelines in the towns require skilled
personnel for their operation and maintenance. Training programs should cover topics such as pipeline
network management, pipe materials and specifications, installation and jointing techniques, valve
operations, pressure management, flow control, leak detection methods (including acoustic and pressure-
based techniques), pipeline repair and rehabilitation methods, customer complaint handling, and GIS-

based asset management. The training should focus on developing the operators' proficiency in using
advanced tools and technologies for network monitoring, data analysis, and system optimization.
7.6 Bulk Water Meters and Multijet Magnetic Consumer Water

Meters
The installation, calibration, and maintenance of bulk water meters and multijet magnetic consumer
water meters require specialized training. The training programs should cover topics such as meter
selection criteria, installation guidelines, meter reading techniques, data management, meter accuracy
verification, billing processes, customer communication, and resolution of meter-related issues. The
operators should be trained in the use of meter data management systems to ensure accurate billing,
efficient water resource management, and effective customer service.
7.7 Deep Tube Wells

The towns have multiple deep tube wells that require proper operation, maintenance, and monitoring.
Training programs for the operators should cover topics such as well drilling techniques, pump operation
and maintenance, water level measurement, water quality testing, electrical safety measures,
troubleshooting common issues, and groundwater resource management. The operators should also
receive training on sustainable abstraction practices to prevent overexploitation of groundwater
resources.
7.8 Iron Removal Plants (IRPs)

The proposed iron removal plants in Ambassa, Khowai, Ranirbazar, Mohanpur, Bishramganj, and Belonia
require trained personnel for their operation and maintenance. The training programs should cover topics
such as iron removal processes, dosing of coagulants and flocculants, filter media selection and
replacement, backwashing techniques, sludge disposal, monitoring of iron levels, and maintenance of
plant equipment. The operators should also be trained in water quality analysis techniques to ensure
compliance with drinking water standards.
7.9 O&M Services and Contract Management

As part of the contract after commissioning, it is essential to include O&M services provided by a service
provider. Training should be provided to the personnel responsible for contract management. This
includes training on contract administration, performance monitoring, conducting regular audits,
ensuring compliance with contractual obligations, and resolving disputes or issues that may arise during
the contract period. The training should focus on developing the skills necessary to effectively manage
the contract, track the service provider's performance, and ensure the delivery of high-quality O&M
services.
7.10 Conclusion
Institutional capacity building and training are vital for the effective operation and maintenance of water
supply systems in the towns of Udaipur, Kumarghat, Kailashahar, and Dharmanagar. The training
programs should address the specific requirements of each component, including water treatment plants,
transmission mains, storage tanks, distribution pipelines, meters, deep tube wells, and iron removal
plants. By equipping the operators with the necessary knowledge and skills, these towns can ensure the
provision of safe and reliable water supply to their communities. Regular refresher training sessions and
continuous professional development opportunities should also be provided to keep the operators up-to-
date with the latest advancements in water supply management practices.

8 Human Resource Management

8.1 Introduction
The Human Resources Management Plan is an essential component of the Water Supply Operation and
Maintenance (O&M) Manual for the water treatment plants and associated infrastructure in the 12 towns.
This chapter outlines the strategies and practices for effective human resource management to ensure
the smooth operation and maintenance of the water supply systems.
8.2 Workforce Planning

To meet the operational requirements of the water treatment plants and associated infrastructure, a
comprehensive workforce planning process will be implemented. This process will involve assessing the
staffing needs based on the plant capacities, transmission and distribution network, and other relevant
factors. Efforts will be made to optimize staffing levels, considering workload distribution, skill
requirements, and operational efficiency.
8.3 Recruitment and Selection

A well-structured recruitment and selection process will be established to attract and select qualified
personnel. Job vacancies will be advertised through appropriate channels, and a transparent selection
process will be followed, including screening applications, conducting interviews, and verifying
qualifications and experience. Local candidates will be given priority to ensure community engagement
and local employment opportunities.
8.3.1 Estimated Personnel Requirements
8.3.1.1 Water Treatment Plants
Water treatment plants of various capacities are proposed in different towns. Each plant requires a Plant
Manager/Supervisor and a team of Operators/Technicians to ensure proper operation and maintenance.
Table– Water Treatment Plants
Town Capacity Staffing Needs

Udaipur 7.6 MLD Plant Manager/Supervisor - 1, Operators/Technicians - 5
Kumarghat 2.3 MLD Plant Manager/Supervisor - 1, Operators/Technicians - 3
Kailashahar 2.45 MLD Plant Manager/Supervisor - 1, Operators/Technicians - 3
Dharmanagar 10.8 MLD Plant Manager/Supervisor - 1, Operators/Technicians - 5
8.3.1.2 Raw Water Transmission Main
Raw water transmission mains are proposed in different towns to transport water from the source to the
treatment plants. Technicians/Supervisors are required for the construction and maintenance of these
transmission mains.
Table– Raw Water Transmission Main
Town Length Staffing Needs

Dharmanagar MC 100 m Technicians/Supervisors - 1
Kailashahar MC 900 m Technicians/Supervisors - 1


Kumarghat MC 100 m Technicians/Supervisors - 1
Ambassa MC 200 m Technicians/Supervisors - 1
Khowai MC 60 m Technicians/Supervisors - 1
Ranirbazar MC 2.5 Km Technicians/Supervisors - 2
Mohanpur MC 4.55 Km Technicians/Supervisors - 2
Bishramganj VP 5.17 Km Technicians/Supervisors - 2
Udaipur MC 840 m Technicians/Supervisors - 1
Belonia MC 250 m Technicians/Supervisors - 1
8.3.1.3 Clear Water Transmission Main
Clear water transmission mains are proposed in different towns to distribute treated water from the
water treatment plants to various areas. Technicians/Supervisors are required for the construction and
maintenance of these transmission mains.
Table– Clear Water Transmission Main

Dharmanagar MC 1235 m Technicians/Supervisors - 1
Kailashahar MC 3230 m Technicians/Supervisors - 1
Kumarghat MC 3422 m Technicians/Supervisors - 1
Ambassa MC 4.4 Km Technicians/Supervisors - 1
Khowai MC 1373 m Technicians/Supervisors - 1
Ranirbazar MC 1450 m Technicians/Supervisors - 1
Mohanpur MC 0.1 Km Technicians/Supervisors - 1
Bishramganj VP 0.40 Km Technicians/Supervisors - 1
Melaghar MC 2000 m Technicians/Supervisors - 1
Udaipur MC 6285 m Technicians/Supervisors - 1
Belonia MC 4.05 Km Technicians/Supervisors - 1
8.3.1.4 Overhead Storage Tanks
Overhead storage tanks are proposed in various towns to ensure a continuous water supply. The staffing
requirements include operators and technicians responsible for the maintenance and monitoring of these
tanks.
Table– Overhead storage tanks
Town Number of Tanks Capacities Staffing Needs

Dharmanagar MC 2 350 KL, 250 KL Operators/Technicians - 2
Kailashahar MC 3 300 KL, 300 KL, 250 KL Operators/Technicians - 3
Kumarghat MC 1 250 KL Operators/Technicians - 1

Ambassa MC 1 600 KL Operators/Technicians - 1

Khowai MC 1 400 KL Operators/Technicians - 1
Ranirbazar MC 2 350 KL, 800 KL Operators/Technicians - 2
Mohanpur MC 2 850 KL, 750 KL Operators/Technicians - 2
Bishramganj VP 3 300 KL, 200 KL, 250 KL Operators/Technicians - 3
Udaipur MC 1 450 KL Operators/Technicians - 1
Belonia MC 2 750 KL, 900 KL Operators/Technicians - 2
8.3.1.5 Water Supply Distribution Pipelines
Water supply distribution pipelines are proposed for expansion and remodeling works in various towns.
Technicians/Supervisors are required for the construction and maintenance of these pipelines.
Table– Water Supply Distribution Pipelines

Dharmanagar MC 18.18 km Technicians/Supervisors – 1
Kailashahar MC 29.14 km Technicians/Supervisors – 1
Kumarghat MC 40.89 km Technicians/Supervisors – 1
Ambassa MC 20.27 km Technicians/Supervisors – 1
Khowai MC 12.3 km Technicians/Supervisors – 1
Ranirbazar MC 16.69 km Technicians/Supervisors – 1
Mohanpur MC 11.45 km Technicians/Supervisors – 1
Bishramganj VP 39.173 km Technicians/Supervisors – 1
Melaghar MC 15.669 km Technicians/Supervisors – 1
Udaipur MC 26.831 km Technicians/Supervisors – 1
Amarpur NP 10.58 km Technicians/Supervisors – 1
Belonia MC 36.32 km Technicians/Supervisors - 1
8.3.1.6 Deep Tube Wells (DTWs)
Deep Tube Wells (DTWs) are an essential component of the water supply system. They are used for
extracting groundwater to meet the water demand of the designated areas. DTWs play a crucial role in
ensuring a sustainable water supply by tapping into underground water sources. The following table
provides an overview of the number of DTWs and the corresponding staffing needs for each location:
Table– Deep Tube Wells (DTWs):
Location Number of DTWs Staffing Needs
Ambassa MC 4 Operators/Technicians - 2
Belonia MC 5 Operators/Technicians - 2
Khowai MC 2 Operators/Technicians - 1

Location Number of DTWs Staffing Needs
Ranirbazar MC 3 Operators/Technicians - 1
Mohanpur MC 5 Operators/Technicians - 2
Bishramganj VP 6 Operators/Technicians - 2
8.3.1.7 Iron Removal Plants (IRPs)
Table– Iron Removal plants
Iron Removal Plants (IRPs) are designed to eliminate excess iron content from water sources, ensuring the
supply of clean and safe drinking water. These plants employ various techniques to effectively remove
iron and maintain water quality standards. The table below highlights the number of IRPs and the
corresponding staffing needs for each location:
Location Number of IRPs Staffing Needs
Ambassa MC 4 Technicians - 2
Khowai MC 2 Technicians - 1
Ranirbazar MC 3 Technicians - 1
Mohanpur MC 3 Technicians - 1
Bishramganj VP 3 Technicians - 1
Belonia MC 5 Technicians - 2
8.4 Training and Development

A comprehensive training and development program will be implemented to equip the workforce with
the necessary skills and knowledge. Training will cover areas such as plant operations, maintenance
procedures, safety protocols, water quality management, and relevant technical skills. Regular training
sessions, workshops, and on-the-job training opportunities will be provided to enhance the competence
and professionalism of the employees.
8.5 Performance Management

An effective performance management system will be established to monitor and evaluate the
performance of the workforce. Key performance indicators (KPIs) will be defined to assess individual and
team performance. Regular performance reviews, feedback sessions, and performance improvement
plans will be implemented to recognize achievements, identify areas for improvement, and ensure
accountability.
8.6 Career Development and Succession Planning

A career development framework will be established to provide growth opportunities for employees. This
will include identifying potential leaders, implementing succession plans, and offering training programs

to develop leadership and management skills. Clear career paths, promotion criteria, and skill
development opportunities will be communicated to employees to foster motivation and professional
growth.
8.7 Employee Engagement and Welfare

Employee engagement initiatives will be implemented to create a positive work environment and foster
employee satisfaction and motivation. Communication channels, such as regular team meetings and
feedback sessions, will be established to encourage employee participation and address concerns.
Employee welfare programs, including health and safety initiatives, will be implemented to ensure the
well-being and productivity of the workforce.
8.8 Ongoing Contract Management

As part of the O&M services contract, effective contract management practices will be implemented to
ensure compliance, monitor service delivery, and resolve any contractual issues. Regular meetings with
the service provider will be conducted to review performance, address concerns, and maintain a strong
working relationship.
8.9 Conclusion
The Human Resources Management Plan for the water treatment plants, deep tube wells, iron removal
filters and associated infrastructure emphasizes the importance of effective workforce planning,
recruitment and selection, training and development, performance management, career development,
employee engagement, and contract management. By implementing these strategies, the water supply
systems can benefit from a skilled and motivated workforce, ensuring the efficient operation and
maintenance of the facilities.

List of Annexures for Water Supply Components

Water Supply Annex A Inventory for Water Resource Scheme
Refer Volume 2 (Annexures) for more information.

Water Supply Annex B Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

Water Supply Annex C Workflow process for Operation & Maintenance

(Forms and Log Sheets)

Urban Roads

Urban Road-Table of Content

1 URBAN ROAD OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE IN 12 TOWNS OF
TRIPURA 34
1.1 Introduction 34
1.2 Maintenance during Construction Period 35
1.3 Maintenance after Construction Period 35
1.4 Flexible Pavement 35

1.4.1 Surface Tolerances 35
1.5 Maintenance Of Earthen Shoulder 35
1.6 Bituminous Work in Connection with Maintenance & Repair 36
1.7 Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement 36
1.8 Maintenance 36
1.8.1 Initial Maintenance 37
1.8.2 Storage of Blocks 37
1.8.3 Coating and Cleaning 37
2 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP) FOR PERIODIC RENEWAL

(PR) / IMPROVEMENT OF RIDING QUALITY PROGRAMME (IRQP)
WORKS AND ORDINARY REPAIR (OR) WORKS FOR MAINTENANCE &
REPAIR (M&R) OF PROJECT ROADS 38
2.1 Monitoring 38
2.2 Pre-monsoon inspection / post-monsoon inspection 38
2.3 Tests 38
2.4 Distresses 38
2.5 Signages and Markings 39
2.6 Emergency Response 39
2.7 Record Keeping and Reporting 39
2.8 Training and Capacity Building 39
2.9 Review and Update 39
2.10 Determination of costs and time 40
2.11 Other duties and functions 40

Annexure for Urban Road Components
Road Annex 1 Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Urban Road Components 41

1 Urban Road Operations & Maintenance in 12 Towns of

Tripura
1.1 Introduction
Local & collector roads in different towns in the state of Tripura are not in a good condition due
to the topography, improper geometric design of the alignment, drainage facility and heavy
rainfall in the region. Different aspects were kept in consideration while designing the roads,
which are mentioned below:
• Finished level of adjacent residential buildings: finished level of the road shall be lower
in respective of adjacent level of residential buildings, the FRL can be at the same level
of adjacent building where it is unavoidable but in no case, it shall be higher than the
adjacent level which can cause water logging.
• Ground Water Table: On new roads, the aim was to construct the pavement as far
above the water table as economically practicable. The difference between the bottom
of subgrade level and the level of water table/high flood level should, generally, not be
less than 1.0 m or 0.6 m in case of existing roads which have no history of being
overtopped.
• Pavement Design: on most of the roads, the PDMC consultant has proposed
Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement (ICB) for better construction & low
maintenance. Pavement composition has been proposed in conformity with
specifications and standards set forth in “IRC:SP:63-2018 Guidelines for the use of
Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement (ICB)”
• Geometric Design: “IRC:86-2018 Geometric Design Standards for Urban Roads and
Streets”. Specifications and standards set forth in IRC:86-2018 are followed in design
of horizontal curve, vertical curve & Super Elevation.
• Drain- Road side drain has been proposed to drain off the surface runoff. One side drain
has been proposed due to space constraint and the far side of the road will be
connected by the catch pit provided at an interval of 30m. The catch pits will be
connected with the other side drain by the pipe connected underneath the road
surface.
Under the Tripura Urban and Tourism Development Project (IND 53276-002), twelve (12) towns
of Tripura have been considered for comprehensive Urban Road improvement works. These
towns have been divided into three clusters, i.e.
• Cluster IA - (i) Khowai (DHQ) (ii) Ranirbazar (iii) Mohanpur.

• Cluster IIA - (i) Melaghar (ii) Bishramganj (iii) Udaipur (DHQ) (iv) Amarpur (v) Belonia
(DHQ) and
• Cluster IIIA - (i) Dharmanagar (DHQ) (ii) Kailashahar (DHQ) (iii) Kumarghat (iv) Ambassa
(DHQ)
The improvement of existing road is proposed with the pavement of Interlocking Concrete Block
Pavement considering the easy & quick repairing of the roads which are caused during
construction of infrastructure works like laying of water supply pipeline, electrical cable,

telephone cable and Gas connection and other repairing works etc. which may be taken up in
the future course of time. Based on our improvement proposal there are 3 types of roads exists
in those towns. (i) Single Brick Flat Soling Road (ii) roads with bituminous/ Flexible Pavement
and (iii) earthen roads. To suit the site condition 3 types of road structure is designed befitting
with the above-mentioned 3 types of roads existing. In case of SBFS roads, the soling will be
utilized as far as possible, and the next layers will be followed as per IRC: SP:63-2018. For the
existing bituminous road, the top bituminous surface will be scraped out and a levelling course
will be provided with WMM followed by the ICB with sand layer and for the earthen roads (new
roads having embankment only), the total depth is considered as 455mm including ICB with
sand layer underneath.
1.2 Maintenance during Construction Period

During the Construction Period, the Contractor shall maintain, at its cost, the existing road so
that the traffic worthiness and safety thereof are at no time materially inferior as compared to
their condition on Appointed Date, and shall undertake the necessary repair and maintenance
works for this purpose; provided that the Contractor may, at its cost, interrupt and divert the
flow of traffic if such interruption and diversion is necessary for the efficient progress of Works
and conforms to Good Industry Practice; provided further that such interruption and diversion
shall be undertaken by the Contractor only with the prior written approval of the Authority
which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld. For the avoidance of doubt, it is agreed that
the Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring safe operation of the road during the
construction period.
1.3 Maintenance after Construction Period

The Contractor shall maintain the Project Road for a period of 1 (one) year, corresponding to
the Defects Liability Period, commencing from the date of the Completion Certificate (the
“Maintenance Period”). The project road shall be maintained throughout its design life.
1.4 Flexible Pavement

1.4.1 Surface Tolerances
1. Surface tolerance for finished surface shall be ± 10 mm from the design level.
2. The surface tolerance for base course shall be in the range of 0 to +10 mm from
nominated level and 10 mm deviation from a 3 m straight edge.
3. The surface tolerance for sub-base shall be within 0 to -20 mm of nominated level.
1.5 Maintenance Of Earthen Shoulder

The work of maintenance of earthen shoulder shall include making up the irregularities/loss of
material on shoulder to the design level and cross-fall by adding fresh approved soil and
compacting it with appropriate equipment or to strip excess soil from the shoulder surface as
per the requirement of these Specifications. Please refer clause 3003, for further maintenance
of Earthen Shoulder
The material to be added to the shoulder, if required, shall be a select soil conforming to Clause
305 of MORTH 5th revision of Roads & Bridge work.

• Making up of the earthen shoulder by adding extra soil and compacting the same.
• Stripping a layer of soil to achieve the required grade and level.
1.6 Bituminous Work in Connection with Maintenance & Repair

This work shall include repair of all types of bituminous pavement distresses and paved
shoulders. The work shall include the removal of all failed material, in the pavement courses
and, if necessary, below the pavement, until the root cause of the failure is removed, the
trimming of the completed excavation to provide firm vertical faces; the replacement of
material of at least as high a standard as that which was originally specified for the pavement
layer the application of tack coat on to the sides and base of excavations prior to placing of any
bituminous materials and the compaction, trimming and finishing of the surfaces of all patches
to form a smooth continuous surface, level with the surrounding road. Refer “IRC 82:1982 for
the Maintenance of Bituminous Surfaces”.
Different distresses that can occur are Rutting, Fatigue, Potholes and Patch, bleeding,
segregation & Crack Filling etc. Rectification of these distresses should be in accordance with
Clause 3004 of MORTH 5th revision Roads & Bridges.
1.7 Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement

All cracked paver units should be removed and replaced with new pavers. During design and
construction of ICB additional pavers shall be ordered and stored for future maintenance and
repairs. It is recommended that 2.5% of total sqm. or 25 m2 whichever is greater of the same
pavers used in the roadway be ordered and kept for future potential use. This is especially
critical if aesthetically unique pavers are chosen and installed. Purpose-built removal
equipment can be used to remove pavers to prevent damage to surrounding pavers.
Concrete blocks on trafficked pavements tend to move sideways and forward due to braking
and maneuvering of vehicles. The tendency to move sideways has to be counteracted at the
edges by special edge blocks and kerbs. The edge blocks should be designed such that the
rotation or displacement of blocks is resisted.
Like any other road work, block pavement also required to be maintained to get long service.
The maintenance requirement of block pavement is minimal. The block pavement requires
initial maintenance soon after its laying, say after a week or two for checking sand in the joints.
Subsequently, the maintenance is in the form of replacing any damaged block/blocks or raising
the settled section with bedding sand layer, if any.
1.8 Maintenance
Like any other road work, block pavement also required to be maintained to get long service.
The maintenance requirement of block pavement is minimal. The block pavement requires
initial maintenance soon after its laying, say after a week or two for checking sand in the joints.
Subsequently, the maintenance is in the form of replacing any damaged block/blocks or raising
the settled section, if any. Repair especially after laying a cable duct is much simpler in the case
of block pavements. The cut area can be reinstated without any blemish.

1.8.1 Initial Maintenance
After about a week of laying the blocks there is a need to inspect the surface to check for any
loss of sand at joints. Wherever sand level has dropped down it should be reinstated. This type
of inspection should continue for two to three months till the sand level is stabilized and topping
up is no more required. With time the joints receive fine dust and detritus thus making them
waterproof. During rains these joints may allow weeds to grow but these normally should get
eliminated with the traffic. In case it does not get eliminated these may have to be controlled
by spraying herbicide or by manual removal. Annual inspection, however, will be required.
1.8.2 Storage of Blocks
For reinstating damaged blocks, it is necessary to stockpile a small percentage of blocks from
the lots used in the construction. The size and colour of the blocks may be difficult to obtain
later matching with the original blocks. For important projects, it is normal to stockpile blocks
from 1 per cent to 3 per cent of initial supply for subsequent use.
1.8.3 Coating and Cleaning
As part of preventive maintenance, blocks can be sealed using compounds, like, silicone, acrylics,
and silica fluorides for enhancing the colour, reducing absorptive nature of the blocks and for
improving surface toughness. These coating have life of 1 to 3 years and hence they must be
repeated as per the requirement. The most durable of these chemicals is solvent- borne acrylics
which are abrasion resistant and minimize chemical effects of spillage even at 60°C.
Cleaning of block pavement can be done by mechanical brooms, compressors or even by manual
means. For removing certain stains, chemicals, like, oxalic, acetic, and phosphoric acids etc. are
used. Sometimes it may be expedient to replace the blocks where stains have penetrated to a
greater depth.

2 Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Periodic Renewal (PR)
/ Improvement of Riding Quality Programme (IRQP) works and
Ordinary Repair (OR) works for Maintenance & Repair (M&R) of
Project Roads
2.1 Monitoring
The Authority’s Engineer shall undertake regular inspections, at least once every month, to
evaluate the Maintenance Requirements and submit a Maintenance Inspection Report to the
Authority.
2.2 Pre-monsoon inspection / post-monsoon inspection

The Authority’s Engineer shall carry out a detailed pre-monsoon inspection of roads, bridges,
culverts, and drainage system in accordance with the guidelines contained in IRC: SP35. Report
of this inspection together with details of proposed maintenance works as required on the basis
of this inspection.
Post monsoon inspection shall be done and the inspection report together with details of any
damages previously observed and not maintained and newly observed damages after monsoon.
shall be maintained. In respect of any defect or deficiency, the Authority’s Engineer shall, in
conformity with Good Industry Practice, specify the permissible limit of deviation or
deterioration with reference to the Specifications and Standards set forth in IRC SP 63-2018, IRC
37-2018 and IRC:82-1982
2.3 Tests
Visual and physical test: The Authority’s Engineer shall conduct a visual and physical Check at
regular intervals, at least once every month.
Riding quality test: Riding quality of the project road shall be investigated.
Tests for bridges: All major and minor bridges shall be subjected to the rebound hammer and
ultrasonic pulse velocity tests, to be conducted in accordance with the procedure described in
Special Report No. 17: 1996 of the IRC Highway Research Board on Nondestructive Testing
Techniques, at two spots in every span.
2.4 Distresses
Any distresses identified while inspecting the project roads shall be rectified. Repair of any
distresses shall be in conformity with specifications and standards set forth in IRC SP 63-2018,
IRC 37-2018 and IRC:82-1982
Removal of Weeds: weeds shall be removed by uprooting them which are close to the road to
provide aesthetic view.

2.5 Signages and Markings
Maintenance of road signs should be ensured to retain both the legibility and the visibility of
the sign. Retro-reflectivity of sign boards and markings shall be in accordance with IRC:67-2012
Code of practice for Road Signs
2.6 Emergency Response

Develop procedures for responding to emergencies, such as accidents, road closures, or
extreme weather events.
• Establish communication channels and coordination with relevant emergency services

and authorities.
• Deploy response teams to manage and mitigate the impact of emergencies on road
operations.
• Restore road functionality and safety as quickly as possible following emergencies.
2.7 Record Keeping and Reporting

Establish a system for recording operational data, maintenance activities, inspections, and any
incidents or repairs.
• Document daily operational parameters, maintenance schedules, and any deviations
from standard procedures.
• Prepare regular reports on road conditions, maintenance activities, and any observed
deficiencies for management and regulatory authorities.
2.8 Training and Capacity Building

• Provide regular training and capacity building programs for personnel involved in road
operation and maintenance.
• Ensure that staff members are familiar with the SOP and follow established procedures.
• Promote continuous learning and professional development to enhance skills and
knowledge.
2.9 Review and Update

• Periodically review and update the SOP to incorporate lessons learned, technological
advancements, and regulatory changes.
• Seek feedback from personnel involved in road operation and maintenance to improve
the SOP's effectiveness.
Note: This Standard Operating Procedure should be customized to suit the specific
requirements and conditions of the road network. It should comply with local regulations,
industry standards, and best practices in road management. Regular monitoring, evaluation,
and continuous improvement are essential for ensuring the efficient and safe operation of
roads.

2.10 Determination of costs and time
The Authority’s Engineer shall determine the costs, and/or their reasonableness, that are
Required.
2.11 Other duties and functions

The Authority’s Engineer shall perform all other duties and functions. The inventory list for the
existing Urban Road system has been listed below.

List of Annexures for Urban Road Components
Road Annex 1 Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Urban Road Components

Storm Water Drain

Storm Water Drains-Table of Content

1 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF STORM WATER DRAINS 46
1.1 Introduction: 46
1.1.1 Purpose and scope of the O&M manual 46
1.1.2 Overview of the stormwater box drain system. 47
1.1.3 Reference to relevant standards, regulations, and design documents 47
2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (MORE DETAILS WILL BE ADDED HERE) 48
3 OPERATION PROCEDURES 48
3.1 Instructions for operating the stormwater box drain system. 48
3.2 Steps to open, close, or adjust components of the system. 49
4 MAINTENANCE GUIDELINES: 50
4.1 Regular maintenance activities to be performed on the stormwater box drains. 51
4.2 Recommended inspection schedules and checklists. 52
4.3 Procedures for cleaning, desilting, and removing debris from the drains 53
4.4 Guidance on maintaining covers, grates, frames, and other structural components. 55
5 EMERGENCY RESPONSE: 56
5.1 Instructions for handling emergencies such as blockages, overflow, or system

failures 56
5.2 Contact information for reporting emergencies or requesting assistance 56
5.3 Procedures for responding to extreme weather events or flooding 56
6 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS: 57
6.1 Safety guidelines and best practices for personnel working on or near the stormwater
box drain system. 57
6.2 Personal protective equipment requirements 57
6.3 Hazard identification and mitigation measures 57

6.3.1 Slips, Trips, and Falls 57
6.3.2 Confined Spaces: 58
6.3.3 Falling Objects: 58
6.3.4 Physical Hazards: 58
6.3.5 Traffic and Vehicle Hazards: 58
6.3.6 Electrical Hazards: 58
6.3.7 Ergonomic Hazards: 59
7 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES, SUCH AS RELEVANT DRAWINGS, MAPS,

OR TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 60

STORM WATER Drain-List of Tables

Drain Table 1 Complaint Format 47
Drain Table 2 Inspection sheet for storm water drain. 51
Drain Table 3 Deficiencies and remedies for storm water drains 52
Drain Table 4 Preliminary inspection for Manholes & other Appurtenances. 52
Drain Table 5 Inspection sheet for manhole. 53
Drain Table 6 Inspection sheet for Storm Drains 53

Storm Water Drain-List of Figures

Drain Figure 1 Shovels and Spades 55
Drain Figure 2 Cleaning of drains using JCB 55
Drain Figure 3 Typical Drawing of Gravity Outfall Structure 60

1 Operation and Maintenance of Storm Water Drains

1.1 Introduction:
Stormwater drainage systems are crucial infrastructure designed to manage the collection, conveyance,
and disposal of rainwater and runoff from urban areas. These systems prevent flooding, protect
property, and help maintain the overall health of the environment. Stormwater drains typically consist
of a network of pipes, channels, culverts, and catch basins that collect and transport rainwater to
designated discharge points such as rivers, lakes, or treatment facilities. The drainage system
incorporates various features, including open drains, covered box drains, and underground pipes, to
efficiently carry stormwater away from urban areas. Regular maintenance, inspection, and cleaning of
these systems are essential to ensure their proper functioning and to prevent blockages and damage.
Stormwater drainage systems play a vital role in urban planning and sustainable development,
safeguarding communities from the adverse impacts of excessive rainfall and contributing to the overall
well-being and safety of cities and towns.
1.1.1 Purpose and scope of the O&M manual
Operation & Maintenance (O&M) of storm water drainage system consists of the optimum use of labour,
equipment, and materials to keep the system in good condition so that it can accomplish efficiently its
intended purpose during entire period of its design life.
The lack of attention to the important aspect of O & M leads to deterioration of the useful life of the
system necessitating premature replacement of many system components. As such, even after creating
the assets by investing millions of rupees, they are unable to provide the services effectively to the
community for which they have been constructed.
Some of the key issues contributing to the poor O&M are as follows:
• Lack of finance and inadequate data on O&M

• Multiplicity of agencies, overlapping in their responsibilities
• Inadequate training of personnel
• Non-availability of operation & maintenance manuals.
• Lack of awareness of the importance of storm drainage facilities by the community.
• Lack of Management Information system and real time field information
Therefore, there is a need for an exclusive Operation & Maintenance Manual for storm water drainage
system.
The O & M should address the environmental impact of urban storm water runoff that is characterized
by high levels of sediment and other pollutants, both particulate and dissolved together with the volume
and rate of flow of runoff. Appropriate budgetary provisions for the O&M of storm water management
system need to be provided so that it is carried out without any constraints such as human resources
and finance. Each component of the system should go through a systematic check and these components
are brought into dependable use.
It is also advisable to have internet-based recording of complaints by the public or through regular
manual channels but that is to be recorded to avoid future such circumstances. It will be good to also
publish on the web the actions to solve them. A sample complaint format is given in Table 1.

Drain Table 1 Complaint Format
Name and address of Nature of Location of complaint Action taken by the

complainant complaint Authority
The O&M manual has been prepared, keeping in mind, the proposed storm water drainage systems for
the 19 towns of Tripura under ADB funded project titled “Project Readiness Financing for Improving
Readiness of Integrated Urban Planning and Infrastructure Development for Urban Local Bodies in
Tripura”.
1.1.2 Overview of the stormwater box drain system.
The stormwater box drain system is designed to efficiently capture and transport stormwater runoff to
prevent flooding and water accumulation in urban areas. It helps to mitigate the adverse impacts of
heavy rainfall, such as property damage, erosion, and waterlogging. Proper maintenance and periodic
desilting of the box drains are essential to ensure their effective functioning, prevent blockages, and
maintain their hydraulic capacity. It is important to note that the specific design and configuration of
stormwater box drain systems can vary depending on the local topography, drainage requirements, and
regulations governing the area. The system may also incorporate other components such as catch basins,
manholes, or underground pipes to enhance its functionality and connectivity with other drainage
infrastructure.
The key components of a proposed stormwater box drain system include:
• Box Drains: The box drains proposed are typically made of reinforced concrete and have a
rectangular or square cross-section. They are designed to provide a continuous flow path for
stormwater runoff. Box drains may vary in size and depth based on the anticipated flow rates
and drainage requirements of the area.
• Inlets: These are openings located along roadsides, parking lots, or other surfaces to collect
stormwater runoff and direct it into the box drains. Inlets may be equipped with grates or
covers to prevent debris and large objects from entering the system.
• Junctions: Box drains often have junctions or connections where multiple drains converge.
These junctions allow for the seamless flow of stormwater from one drain to another, ensuring
efficient conveyance within the system.
• Outfalls: At specific points along the drainage network, box drains discharge the collected
stormwater into natural water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, or detention ponds. Outlets may
be equipped with structures like headwalls or energy dissipators to control the flow and
prevent erosion.
1.1.3 Reference to relevant standards, regulations, and design documents
The O&M manual for the proposed storm water drainage systems in Tripura state, has been prepared
with references from the CPHEEO Manual on Operation & Maintenance – August 2019 (Volume II Part
B) and Management (Part C), wherever needed. The proposed storm water drainage systems have been
designed based on the guidelines as per the CPHEEO Manual on Storm Water Drainage System (August
– 2019).

2 System Description (More Details will be added here)

i. Detailed description of the stormwater box drain system, including components, materials,
and construction methods used.
ii. Identification and labelling of different elements of the system (e.g., inlets, outlets, covers,
grates, junctions).
iii. Schematic diagrams or drawings illustrating the layout and connections of the box drains.
3 Operation Procedures
The operation of a stormwater box drain system involves the management and control of stormwater
runoff to prevent flooding and minimize the impact of heavy rainfall. Here is a brief overview of the
operation of a stormwater box drain system:
• Inflow Management: Stormwater runoff enters the system through inlet points, such as catch
basins or grated openings, located along roadsides, parking lots, or other surfaces. The system
is designed to capture and direct the inflow into the box drains.
• Conveyance of Stormwater: The stormwater box drains act as conduits to transport the
collected runoff to an appropriate outlet point. The drains are designed with a specific size,
slope, and capacity to accommodate the anticipated flow rates and effectively convey the
stormwater.
• Flow Control: The system may incorporate various flow control measures, such as weirs or flow
regulators, to manage and regulate the flow of stormwater within the box drains. These devices
help prevent excessive flow rates and control the volume of water entering downstream areas.
• Outlet Discharge: At specific points along the drainage network, the stormwater box drain
system discharges the collected runoff into natural water bodies, detention ponds, or other
approved outlets. The outlets are designed to control the discharge rate and prevent erosion.
• Monitoring and Maintenance: Regular monitoring of the stormwater box drain system is
essential to ensure its proper functioning. This includes inspecting inlet points, checking for
blockages or obstructions, and monitoring the flow capacity of the drains. Maintenance
activities, such as cleaning and desilting, are conducted to remove accumulated sediment,
debris, and vegetation that may hinder the flow of stormwater.
• Integration with Other Drainage Infrastructure: Stormwater box drain systems are often part
of a larger drainage network that may include other components like pipes, culverts, or open
channels. Proper coordination and integration with these elements are important to ensure
seamless conveyance and efficient stormwater management.
It is important to note that the operation of a stormwater box drain system may vary depending on the
specific design, location, and local regulations. Regular inspections, monitoring, and maintenance
activities are vital to optimize the system's performance and prevent issues such as blockages, flooding,
or structural damage.
3.1 Instructions for operating the stormwater box drain system.

• The concerned authority needs to conduct regular inspections of the system to identify any
signs of damage, blockages, or abnormalities and inspect the inlet points, covers, grates,
frames, and junctions for cracks, debris build-up, or structural issues.

• Ensure that the inlet points, such as catch basins or grates, are free from debris, trash, or
obstructions. Regularly remove any accumulated sediment, leaves, or other materials that may
impede the flow of stormwater into the drains.
• If the stormwater box drain system includes control valves, understand their purpose and
operation. Follow the specific instructions provided for opening, closing, or adjusting the valves
as needed to regulate the flow of stormwater.
• In some cases, the system may have flow diversion features, such as weirs or flow regulators,
to control the rate of water flow. If these are present, follow the guidelines provided for
managing flow rates and preventing excessive or uneven flow within the box drains.
3.2 Steps to open, close, or adjust components of the system.

In emergency situations or instances of system malfunction, follow the prescribed steps to shut down
the system to prevent further damage or risks. The proposed projects having outfall structures with
flood/flap gates should be operated properly as per the flooding situations.
• In case of normal operating conditions, the flood/flap gate of the outfall structure should be
kept open to facilitate the discharge into the river or nalla or cherra, wherever applicable.
• In case of flooding condition in the river or nalla or cherra, the flood/flap gate should be kept
closed, so that there is no backflow of flood water into the drain.
• Also, ensure that personnel responsible for operating the stormwater box drain system receive
proper training on its operation and maintenance and establish clear communication channels
among team members, supervisors, and relevant authorities to report any observed issues or
necessary actions.

4 Maintenance Guidelines:
The maintenance of a stormwater box drainage system is crucial to ensure its proper functioning and
longevity. Regular maintenance activities help prevent blockages, reduce the risk of flooding, and
maintain the hydraulic capacity of the system. The drainage system is at its best when it is maintained
properly as designed. For this purpose, it is necessary that the drains keep their shape and slope in the
designed manner during their lifetime. It is also necessary to ensure that the drains retain their full cross
section, particularly during monsoons. The system of maintenance can be classified into following three
categories.
a) Continuous regular maintenance

b) Periodical maintenance
c) Special maintenance/Repairs for improvement
The extent of these repairs depends upon size of the drain, location of the drain, nature of habitation
nearby and cross drainage structures. The difficulty in maintenance is also caused by a lesser degree of
consciousness/civic sense. Malba, garbage, solid waste and road cleanings enter the drain resulting in
silting and solidification of extraneous material making the maintenance difficult and reducing efficiency.
Inspection of storm water drains should be carried out in a proper manner. The first step is to identify
visually the defects and condition of drains that may affect the water way including the following:
a) Scour of the bed and sides.

b) Full or partial blockage of the drain due to siltation or dumping of solid waste/debris.
c) Damage to drain structure.
d) Particular attention should be paid at special locations such as junction sump, gutters etc.
e) Walking inspections should be timed to seasonal factors, particularly before the beginning of
monsoon and post monsoon period.
f) Interval between walking inspection should not exceed one month.
All stormwater management facilities shall be inspected by a qualified engineer minimum twice a year.
Inspection guidance will be focused on condition of the asset through visual observations to evaluate
how the asset is functioning relative to its intended design. A broad check list is given below:
i. Pavement crown or cross slope is maintained in design profile conducive to quick drainage.
ii. Road shoulders are clear and dressed for efficient clear off.
iii. If there is a need for new side drain chutes in high embankment.
iv. If the kerb channel is clean and slopes towards the inlet is to be provided
v. If the kerb inlets are clear
vi. Primary, secondary, and tertiary drains should be desilted before rainy seasons.
vii. Inspection after heavy rains is required to know the deficiencies in the system and reporting
unsatisfactory performance and rectifications.
viii. Inspection in October/November can be carried out and list defects for summer maintenance.
ix. Gratings/metallic covers should be checked before monsoon for repair or replacement if any.
x. Condition and blockage of Inlets and gutters
xi. Encroachments in boundary wall of storm water drain
xii. Discourage house sweeping and solid waste being dumped into open drains or gutter openings.
Though, it is not practicable to assign individual frequencies for each element as a routine for each area,
it should be such as to ensure that all elements are cleaned before the drain gets blocked. However,

storm water drainage system should be inspected and cleaned pre monsoon, during monsoon and post
monsoon.
A sample inspection sheet for storm water drain is given in Table 2.
Drain Table 2 Inspection sheet for storm water drain.
Site City Street Inspection date Time
From Manhole / To Manhole / Drain Size (mm) Material of Covered /

Junction Sump Junction Sump construction Uncovered
Width × Depth
(number) (number)
Start End
Direction Type of problem Nature of Severity Level Condition of slab

problem cover / overall
condition
Action required / Follow up actions
4.1 Regular maintenance activities to be performed on the

stormwater box drains.
Periodical inspection and maintenance of drains is very necessary, as failure of drains will occur due to
deficiency in maintenance. The principal activities in maintenance are:
• Desilting
• Clearing of weeds
• Cleaning of obstruction, debris and blockage
• Repairing of lining immediately at the commencement of damage or deterioration
Continuous action and attention in detail are important aspects pertaining to maintenance programmes.
It is very essential that maintenance units should have all the drawings of existing drains showing all
technical details on ground. The drain should be identified by suitable numbering with proper chainage.
It should be to ensure that works are maintained as per details shown in the inventory prepared just
after completion of the drainage scheme. After proper inspection, following maintenance activities
should be carried out.
i. Thorough desilting of all drains before onset of monsoon. Also, repair of any damages to the
structures of the drain.
ii. During the rains also, there is a need to monitor at the exit and entry point of water for the
presence of undesirable collection of rubbish, polythene/paper bags blocking the passage of
water and in every way ensuring free unobstructed flow of rainwater. Wherever feasible, at
suitable intervals, solid waste arresting nets may also be provided in larger drains to avoid its
choking / disposal in main receiving water bodies.
iii. The condition of road camber also needs to be watched. During rains, especially after heavy
showers, all cross-drainage structures should be inspected to observe any blockage due to
debris, log of wood and other such materials. After that, the deficiencies in the drainage system
should be assessed and problem locations identified, and record kept updated. Necessary
corrective measures should be implemented immediately after rains.

iv. The missing / corroded slabs of the covered drains are also required to be identified and
replacement/repairs need to be carried out on priority to avoid accidents.
Some of the common deficiencies encountered in storm water drains and suggested remedy is given in
Table 3:
Drain Table 3 Deficiencies and remedies for storm water drains
Deficiency Cause Remedy

Ponding • Inadequate cross-section. • Deepening the drain, re-
• Formation of depression or filling eroded or depressed
settlement in bed, bed areas.
erosion
Silting • Invert slope inadequate, • Improvement in slope if
excess possible.
• soil entry into the system, • Check entry points for silt
less flow compared to rubbish etc. Provision of
design section grating at entry points
Blockage due to debris, • Uneven drain bed, absence • Desilting and cleaning.
vegetation etc. of maintenance, cleaning • Provision of grating at entry
Points
Erosion of bed and cross • Steep invert slope, caving in • Provide a flatter slope with
section of sides because of lack of drops, if needed. Adequate
lateral support side support, re-alignment,
if required.
4.2 Recommended inspection schedules and checklists.

The inspection can be carried out directly or indirectly. The direct inspection involves the visual
inspection and examination of the health of a particular drainage appurtenance. However, this is
applicable only for the open channels and pumping stations. The selection of a particular technique for
inspection will depend upon a number of factors including the cost involved, availability of finances with
the maintenance department, type of the appurtenance, potential defects, etc. The suggested period of
preliminary inspection is based on the best professional judgment prevailing in Indian conditions and
shall be carried out as in Table 4.
Drain Table 4 Preliminary inspection for Manholes & other Appurtenances.
S. No. Name of Components Inspection Frequency

1 Manholes Once in 6 months
Once in 6 months
2 Gutters and Inlets
(Before monsoon)
Once in 6 months
3 Outfall Structure
(Before monsoon)
4 Gratings Once in 1 year
When inspections and examinations are performed, an inspection sheet should be prepared and
recorded for manholes and drains as shown in Table 5 and 6.

Drain Table 5 Inspection sheet for manhole.
Inspection Sheet No.
Location (Manhole No. etc.)

Inspection Dates Inspector
Manhole cover Abrasion, difference in level, damaged
Corrosion, damages to floor, metal steps
Inside of manhole
corroded, inferior pipe end, rubbish, odour.
Inspection Items
Corrosion, damage, coupling displacement,
Drain inadequate inclination, roots of trees, earth,
sand and mortar, road subsidence.
Damage, displacement, earth and sand, road

Lateral drains
subsidence.
Inspection result
Follow up Actions Necessary/Not Necessary Contracted/Self-Managed
Date of order
Date of schedule
Date of
completion
Remarks
Drain Table 6 Inspection sheet for Storm Drains
Site City Street Inspection date Time

From Manhole To Manhole Drain Size (mm) Type of Drain Direction
(number) (number)
Start End
Type of problem Nature of problem Severity Level Surface Condition
Action required / Follow up actions
Note: Street inlets should be checked whether the gratings are in proper position, bent or distorted
etc. It should also be checked whether there is clogged ness due to dumping of garbage, leaves
etc.
4.3 Procedures for cleaning, desilting, and removing debris from

the drains
Before the onset of the monsoon season, desilting storm drains is an important maintenance activity to
ensure their efficient functioning and prevent flooding. Here's a list of some common inventory items
that may be required for desilting storm drains

Desilting Equipment
• Excavators or backhoes for removing accumulated silt and debris from the drains.
• Dump trucks or tippers to transport the excavated material away from the site.
• Skid steer loaders or bobcats for maneuvering in tight spaces or smaller drains.
• High-pressure water jetting equipment to dislodge stubborn sediment and blockages.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Safety helmets protect against falling debris or head injuries.

• Safety goggles or glasses to shield the eyes from dust, debris, and splashes.
• Protective gloves to safeguard hands from sharp objects or contaminants.
• High-visibility vests or jackets for improved visibility and safety on site.
• Steel-toed boots or safety shoes to protect feet from potential hazards.
Hand Tools
• Shovels, rakes, and brooms for manual removal of smaller debris and sediment.
• Wheelbarrows or buckets for transporting smaller amounts of sediment.
• Picks or mattocks for breaking up compacted or hardened sediment.
Safety Signage and Barricades
• Warning signs to alert pedestrians and drivers to ongoing desilting activities.

• Traffic cones or barricades to create a safe work zone and divert traffic if necessary.
Water Sources
• Access to a nearby water source for cleaning tools, flushing drains, or controlling dust.
Waste Disposal
• Dumping or disposal site for the collected silt and debris, either provided by the local
municipality or designated in advance.
Communication Tools
• Mobile phones or radios for effective communication among the desilting crew and with
supervisors or authorities.
a) Manual Cleaning
Surface storm water drains are usually desilted by long handle shovels, spades, scrapers etc. manually
and kept on the side of the pavement. Debris, silt etc kept on the side of the drains are loaded on trailors
and transported to landfill site for disposal.
It is often observed that silt removed is kept on the side of the pavement for a long time before it is
collected and transported for disposal. However, in many cases, it is also observed that due to delay in
silt collection, a significant proportion of the silt finds its way back in the drain. Therefore, it is necessary
that after cleaning of drains, silt should be lifted and transported to the disposal sites.

Drain Figure 1 Shovels and Spades
b) Mechanical Cleaning
Mechanical Excavators are employed to clean and desilt larger drains as shown in the Fig 2 by moving
on road along the drain. The excavated silt is deposited either in trailors or trucks for subsequent
transport to landfill site for disposal.
Drain Figure 2 Cleaning of drains using JCB
4.4 Guidance on maintaining covers, grates, frames, and other

structural components.
Maintaining the covers, grates, frames, and other structural components of stormwater box drains is
essential to ensure their proper functioning and longevity. This includes the regular inspections and
cleaning, removal of blockages, or fixing cracks, replacing broken or missing parts, or reinforcing
weakened sections.

5 Emergency Response:
When faced with flooding in a stormwater box drain system, it is important to respond swiftly and
effectively to mitigate potential damages and ensure public safety.
5.1 Instructions for handling emergencies such as blockages,

overflow, or system failures
Identify and clear any blockages or obstructions within the stormwater box drain system that may be
exacerbating the flooding. Use appropriate equipment such as pumps, suction devices, or manual
clearing methods to restore the flow and alleviate the flooding.
5.2 Contact information for reporting emergencies or requesting

assistance
• The managing authority should advertise the contact information for emergency reporting and
assistance.
• Maintain effective communication among response teams, emergency services, and relevant
stakeholders.
• Establish a communication plan and ensure that all team members are aware of their roles and
responsibilities.
• Notify the relevant local authorities, such as the municipal or city department responsible for
drainage or emergency management, about the flooding situation.
• Provide detailed information about the location, extent, and severity of the flooding.
5.3 Procedures for responding to extreme weather events or

flooding
• Conduct a rapid assessment of the flood situation to determine the cause, extent, and potential
risks associated with the flooding.
• Identify any immediate threats, such as structural damage, utility disruptions, or compromised
infrastructure.
• Take immediate measures to mitigate further flooding and potential damage. This may include
shutting down or diverting water sources, operating emergency pumps, or activating flood
control measures, such as floodgates or barriers.
• Continuously monitor water levels within the stormwater box drains and downstream areas.
Coordinate with weather forecast services to anticipate changes in precipitation and adjust
response actions accordingly.
• Maintain detailed records of the emergency response activities, including actions taken,
personnel involved, and relevant timeframes.
• Document any damages or infrastructure issues for post-flood assessment and recovery
purposes.
• Once the floodwaters recede, conduct a comprehensive assessment of the stormwater box
drain system and associated infrastructure to identify damages, repairs needed, or necessary
improvements.
• Develop a recovery plan and initiate repairs promptly.

6 Safety Considerations:
It is important to be well equipped prior to start of work, as per the guidelines of OSHA with special
emphasis to the particular type of works. In the hierarchy of controls, personal protective equipment is
considered first to avoid work-related injury or illness.
6.1 Safety guidelines and best practices for personnel working on

or near the stormwater box drain system.
Basic guidelines that should be followed before starting maintenance works.
• Obtain proper training in principles of excavation safety and be thoroughly familiar with
equipment to be used.
• Make sure an updated first aid kit, emergency contact information and hand-held radios or cell
phones are available at the site of work.
• Operate equipment safely in accordance with manufacturers specifications.
• Wear highly visible apparel while working at site.
• Do not enter a trench or excavation unless it is protected against caving.
• Identify where to dispose removed sediments and wastes prior to cleaning the drains – record
should be maintained, and disposal should be at designated place assigned by ULB
• Use shovels, trowels, or high suction vacuum to remove wastes and sediments.
• Do not clean out sediments and wastes with bare hands.
• During operation if road is open to traffic use traffic control devices such as flaggers, pavement
markings etc. – elaborate daytime, accidents,
• Remove all temporary traffic controls when no longer required.
• Repairs identify and address.
6.2 Personal protective equipment requirements

Following personal safety equipment should be used by maintenance staff while maintaining the storm
surface drains.
• Eye protection: – Spectacles/goggles, shields, visors etc.
• Hearing protection: – Ear muffs and plugs etc.
• Hand protection: – Gloves and barrier creams etc.
• Foot protection: – Hard toed shoes/boots etc.
• Head protection: – Helmets, caps, hoods, hats
• Working from heights: – Harness and fall arrest devices etc.
• Skin protection: – Hats, long sleeved clothes etc.
6.3 Hazard identification and mitigation measures

Identifying potential hazards and implementing appropriate mitigation measures is crucial to ensure the
safety of personnel involved in the maintenance of stormwater box drain systems. Here are some
common hazards and corresponding mitigation measures:
6.3.1 Slips, Trips, and Falls
o Hazard: Uneven surfaces, slippery conditions, or debris on walkways.

o Mitigation Measures:

• Ensure proper lighting in work areas.
• Keep walkways clear of debris and obstacles.
• Use anti-slip mats or coatings on slippery surfaces.
• Provide appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as non-slip footwear.
6.3.2 Confined Spaces:
o Hazard: Working in confined spaces within the stormwater box drain system, which can
pose risks of limited oxygen, toxic gases, or entrapment.
• Conduct a thorough assessment of confined spaces before entry.
• Implement proper ventilation or air monitoring systems.
• Establish and follow confined space entry procedures.
• Provide confined space training and ensure workers have proper equipment and PPE.
6.3.3 Falling Objects:
o Hazard: Objects falling from above, such as tools, equipment, or debris.

• Establish restricted zones or barricades around work areas.

• Secure tools and equipment with tethers or lanyards.
• Use appropriate personal protective equipment, such as hard hats.
6.3.4 Physical Hazards:
o Hazard: Risk of cuts, punctures, or injuries from sharp edges, protruding objects, or
machinery.
▪ Provide workers with appropriate protective gloves and clothing.

▪ Inspect tools and equipment for damage or wear regularly.
▪ Implement lockout/tagout procedures when working on machinery.
6.3.5 Traffic and Vehicle Hazards:
o Hazard: Working near roadways or in areas with moving vehicles.

▪ Establish clear signage and barriers to separate work areas from traffic.
▪ Wear high-visibility clothing to increase visibility to drivers.
▪ Provide flaggers or spotters to direct traffic when necessary.
6.3.6 Electrical Hazards:
o Hazard: Risk of electric shock or electrocution when working near electrical systems or
equipment.
▪ Ensure workers are trained in electrical safety procedures.

▪ Isolate electrical systems or shut off power when working on or near them.
▪ Use insulated tools and equipment when working with electrical components.

6.3.7 Ergonomic Hazards:
o Hazard: Repetitive motions, awkward postures, or heavy lifting.

▪ Provide training on proper lifting techniques.

▪ Use mechanical lifting aids or equipment when handling heavy objects.
▪ Encourage regular breaks and stretches to minimize fatigue and discomfort.
Regular safety training, hazard assessments, and ongoing communication with workers are crucial to
maintaining a safe work environment. It is important to adhere to applicable safety regulations, follow
manufacturer guidelines, and consult with local authorities or safety experts for specific hazard
identification and mitigation measures related to stormwater box drain maintenance.

7 Additional resources, such as relevant drawings,

maps, or technical specifications
Drain Figure 3 Typical Drawing of Gravity Outfall Structure

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Loan 6037-IND: Tripura Urban and Tourism Development

Project (Urban Component)

Project Readiness Financing for Improving Readiness of Integrated Urban Planning

ADB Project Number 53276-001

Project Design and Management Consultant (PDMC-Urban)

Tripura Urban Planning and Development Authority (TUDA)

Tripura Urban Development Department

Tripura Urban Development Department

Tripura Urban Development Department

Water Supply-Table Of Content

1.1 Project Description 1

2 RATIONAL OF O&M MANUAL 3

3.1 Water Supply 4

3.2 Inventory for Water Supply Scheme in 12 Towns 6

4 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP) FOR WATER SUPPLY

4.4 Emergency Response 9

4.5 Monitoring and Evaluation 10

Tripura Urban Development Department

5 WORKFLOW PROCESS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (O&M) OF

5.1 Work Order Management 12

5.2 Maintenance Activities 12

5.3 Spare Parts and Inventory Management 12

5.4 Equipment and Asset Management 13

5.5 Record Sheet and Log Management 13

5.6 Utilization of Record Data 13

5.7 Record Sheet and Log Management 14

6 COST, BILLING, AND COLLECTION 16

6.1 Levy and Collection of Water Charges 16

6.2 Water Connection 16

6.3 Rates of Water Tariff 16

6.4 Penalties for Late Payment 17

6.5 Disconnection/Cutting of Water Connection 17

6.7 Concessions for Advanced Payments 18

7 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING 21

7.2 Water Treatment Plants 21

7.3 Raw Water Transmission Mains and Clear-Water Transmission Mains 21

7.4 Overhead Storage Tanks 21

7.5 Water Supply Distribution Pipelines 21

7.7 Deep Tube Wells 22

7.8 Iron Removal Plants (IRPs) 22

7.9 O&M Services and Contract Management 22

Tripura Urban Development Department

8 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 23

8.2 Workforce Planning 23

8.3 Recruitment and Selection 23

8.4 Training and Development 26

8.5 Performance Management 26

8.6 Career Development and Succession Planning 26

8.7 Employee Engagement and Welfare 27

8.8 Ongoing Contract Management 27

Tripura Urban Development Department

Water Supply Annex B Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) 29

Tripura Urban Development Department

Tripura Urban Development Department

The main outcomes under the PRF facility are:

i. Preparation of strategy for integrated urban infrastructure

Tripura Urban Development Department

Tripura Urban Development Department P a g e |1

Formulation & status of the bid shown in Table-1.

Town Name Cluster I(A) Cluster II(A) Cluster III(A)

Tripura Urban Development Department P a g e |2

2 Rational of O&M Manual

Tripura Urban Development Department P a g e |3

3.1 Water Supply

O&M Manual_Vol.1

O&M Manual_Vol.1