DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG (PASSIVE VOICE)

I. Cách chuyển từ chủ động sang bị động

 Bước 1: xác định S,V,O
People speak English in many parts of the world.
S V O
 Bước 2: Lấy O của câu chủ động về làm chủ ngữ S của câu bị động
Subject I he She It We You They
(S)
Object me him her It us you Them
(O)
People speak English in many parts of the world.
S V O
English
S
 Bước 3: động từ chủ động ở thì nào thì Be ở thì đó. Động từ chia thành V3/ed
People speak English in many parts of the world.
S V O
English is spoken
S be V
 Bước 4: Lấy chủ ngữ (S) ban đầu làm túc từ (O) cho câu bị động và thêm giới từ BY đằng trước túc từ (O)
People speak English in many parts of the world.
S V O
English is spoken by people
S be V
 Lưu ý: khi S của câu ban đầu là People, everyone, anyone, somebody, he , she , it thì lượt bỏ ko cần By + O
II. Cấu trúc
Chủ động (active): S V O

Bị động (Passive): S (Be + V3/ED) (By + O)

Công thức của từng thì : Be + V3/ED
 1.HTĐ S + V1/S/ES + O  S + AM/IS/ARE + V3/ED
2.QKĐ S + V2/ED + O  S + WAS/WERE + V3/ED
3.HTTD S + AM/IS/ARE + V-ING  S + AM/IS/ARE +BEING + V3/ED
4.QKTD S + WAS/WERE + V-ING  S + WAS/WERE + BEING + V3/ED
5.HTHT S + HAVE/HAS + V3/ED  S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V3/ED
6.QKHT S + HAD + V3/ED  S + HAD + BEEN + V3/ED
7.TLĐ S + WILL/SHALL + V0  S + WILL + BE + V3/ED
8.TLG S + AM/ IS /ARE + GOING TO + V0  S + AM/IS/ARE + GOING TO + BE + V3/ED
9.Động từ khiếm khuyết S + CAN, COULD, MUST, +V0  S + CAN, COULD,… + BE + V3/ED
SHOULD, MAY, MIGHT
HAVE TO=MUST
 Lưu ý: khi câu có trạng từ chỉ thời gian  By trước thời gian By sau tất cả
Ex: Maria was writing poems at that time
 Poems were being written by Maria at that time
Ex 1: my mother makes that cake
 That cake is made by my mother
Ex 2: Nam asked me a lot of question
 I was asked a lot of question by Nam

Practice
1. My father waters this flower every morning
This flower is watered by my father every morning
2. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen
The dinner is being prepared in the kitchen by her mother
3. We should clean our teeth twice a day
Our teeth should be cleaned twice a day
4. Some drunk driver caused the accident in this city
The accident was caused in this city by some drunk driver
5. The manager didn’t phone Jack this morning
Jack wasn’t be phoned by the manager this morning
6. Did Mary make this dress?
Was this dress made by Mary?
7. I want to hang these old pictures in the living room
These old pictures want to be hanged in the living room
8. Are you going to prepair those shoes ?
Are those shoes going to be prepaired?
9. Have you finished the above sentences ?
 Have the above sentences been finished?
10. He hides the broken cup in drower
The broken cup is hidden in drower by him
11. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers
Some bananas and some flowers were given by us
12. How many game has the team played ?
How many game has been played by the team?
1. ___ ____________________yet ?
A. was the report written
B. has the report written
C. did the report write
D. has the report been written
2. The road in our town ________
A. wide B. are being wide C. are being widened D. are being widen
3. Just a minute. The food is ready and the table ____________
A. set B. sets C. is setting D. is being set
4. They ________ at work
A. allow not to be worn jeans
B. are not allowed being wear jeans
C. are not allowed to wear jeans
D. do not allowed wearing jeans
5. Today many serious childhood diseases _______by early immunization.
A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented
6. “ Ms joes, please type those letters before noon”
“ They’ve already _______, sir. They’re on the desk”
A. Typed B. been typed C. being typed D. been being typed
7. The new computer system _________ next month.
A. is being installed by people B. is be installed C. is being installed D. is been installed
8. Both domestic and imported automobiles must ______ anti-pollution devices.
A. equip with B. be equipped with C. equip by D. be equipped by
9. in some areas, water ___ from the ground faster than nature can replenish the supply.
A. is being taken B. has been taking C. is taking D. has taken
10. An announcement about the 8 am flight to Chicago ___
A. has been already made
B. has already made
C. has already been made
D. already made
11. ____ last year?
A. did this tractor buy
B. was the tractor bought
C. has this tractor bought
D. has this tractor been bought
12. the polluted rivers_____
A. cannot clean up
B. cannot cleaned up
C. cannot be cleaned up
D. cannot cleaning up
13. _____ by Mike, my friend’s father?
A. is the plane flying
B. is the plane being flown
C. is the plane be flown
D. is the plane be flying
14. English ____ in many parts of the world
A. is spoken B. will be spoken C. are spoken D. will speak
15. this house _____ 100 years ago
A. was built B. builds C. has been built D. built
16. i still can’t believe it! My bicycle ___ last night.
A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D. stole
17. The telephone ___ by Graham Bell
A. is invented B. is inventing C. invented D. was invented
18. “when____” – “in 1998”
A. pencillin was discovered
B. was pencillin discovered
C. did pencillin discovered
D. pencillin did discovered
19. That tree ___ last month. Now it ___
A. planted/ grows B. has planted/is grown
C. is planted/is being grown D. was planted/ is growing
20. somebody is using computer at the moment. The computer ___ at the moment.
A. was being used B. is being used C. was used D. is use
21. the floor ____ when I arrived yesterday.
A. were being cleaned B. was being cleaned C. is being cleaned D. was cleaning
22. this car______
A. was manufactured in Japan by Toyota last year
B. was manufactured by Toyota in Japan last year
C. was manufactured last year in Japan by Toyota
D. last year was manufactured by Toyota in Japan
23. The trees________
A. were grown by John yesterday in the backyard
B. were grown in the backyard by John yesterday
C. were grown in the backyard yesterday
D. in the backyard were grown by John yesterday
24. Japanese ____ at the meeting
A. will speak B. will spoken C. will be spoken D. will be speaking
25. Do you believe that such a problem can _____
A. solve B. be solving C. is solved D. be solved
26. this exercise may _______ with a pencil
A. be written B. be to write C. be writing D. write
27. The door ___ open at any circumstances.
A. should not leave B. should left C. should not be left D. should not leave
28. It must ___ without delay
A. is going to be told
B. will be tell
C. are going to be told
D. is going to be tell
29. these students ___ so much that they feel very tired and bored
A. are made to study B. are made study
C. are making to study D. are made to be studied
30. Why _____ on time?
A. don’t the exercises finish B. werem’t the exercises be finished
C. aren’t the exercises being finished D. aren’t the exercises finished
31. The refreshments ___ by Karen
A. are going to be prepared B. are going to prepare
C. are prepare D. are to prepare
32. If your brothers_____, he would come
A. invited B. were invited C. were inviting D. invite
33. there is somebody behind us. I think we are _____
A. being followed B. are followed C. follow D. following
34. Mr Cole used ____ by John at weekends.
A. to visited B. to be visited C. to visit D. to visiting
35. They ___ this story by their mother when they ____ her last week.
A. told/visited B. were tell/ were visited
C. were told/ visited D. told/ were visited
36. the fridge ____ into the living room before we decorated the kitchen
A. had been moved B. had moved C. moved D. had be moved
37. “ That apartment ___ by me if I have enough money”- Timmy said
A. will bought B. will buy C. buy D. will be bought
 Câu tường thuật
I. 3 quy tắc vàng chuyển câu tường thuật
Đổi ngôi
Lùi thì
Chuyển trạng từ
II.Cách làm từng bước
1. Đổi ngôi
Đổi ngôi thứ nhất (I, we,..) cùng ngôi chủ từ người nói
Đổi ngôi thứ hai ( you, your,…) đổi cùng ngôi với túc từ ( người nghe)
Ngôi thứ ba  ko đổi
Trực tiếp Tường thuật Trực tiếp Tường thuật Trực tiếp Tường thuật
I  He, she We  they You (S)  I/ he /she/
they/we
Me  him/ her Us  them You (O)  me/ him/
her/him/us
My  his/ her Our  their Your  my/ his/ her/
their/ our
Mine  his/ her Ours  theirs
Myself  himself/ Ourself  themselves
herself Themselves
Ex: Minh said: “I can go to school tomorrow”.
 Minh said that he could go to school the next day.
2. Chuyển thì
Hiện tại Qúa khứ  Qúa khứ hoàn thành
To be: am/is/are  was/were  had been
V thường: S/ES  V2/ED  had + V3/ED
Have/ has + V3/ed  had + V3/ED

Câu trực tiếp Câu tường thuật

1. Hiện tại đơn  Qúa khứ đơn
V1 V2
S/ES V2/ED
Am/is/are Was/were
Don’t + V/ doesn’t + V Didn’t
 2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn  Quá khứ tiếp diễn
Am/is/are + Ving Was/were + Ving
3. Hiện tại tiếp diễn  Quá khứ hoàn thành
Have/has + V3/ed Had + V3/ed
4. Quá khứ đơn  Quá khứ hoàn thành
Was/were Had + V3/ed
V2/ed
5. Quá khứ tiếp diễn  Quá khứ hoàn thành
Was/were + Ving Had + V3/ ed
6. Tương lai đơn  Would + V1
Will + V0
7. Can  Could + V0
8. May  Might + v0
9. Must / need / have to = must  Must / had to +V0
10. Shall  Should
Ex: Minh said: “I can go to school tomorrow”.
 Minh said that he could go to school the next day.
3. Đổi trạng từ
Trực tiếp Tường thuật
1. This That
2. These Those
3. Now Then
4. Here There
5. Today That day
6. Tonight That night
7. Ago Before
8. Yesterday The previous day/ the day before
9. Last week/ year The previous week/ year/ the week before
10. Tomorrow The following day/ the day after/ the next day
11. Next week/ year The following week/ year/ the week after/ the
mext week
Ex: Minh said: “I can go to school tomorrow”.
 Minh said that he could go to school the next day.
Lưu ý : Các trường hợp không lùi thì
1. Thì QKHT, ought to , could, should, might, used to, would, rather, had better
2. Sự thật hiển nhiên
3. khi câu sử dụng động từ tường thuật “say” và “tell” ở thì hiện tại.
4. khi tường thuật câu If loại 2 và 3 ( chỉ lùi thì IF loại 1), Wish
III. Các loại câu tường thuật
 1. Câu kể
“S + V + O” said/told + S  S + said (to + O) + that + S + V lùi thì
S + told + O + that + S + V lùi thì
Ex 1: “ we will have a test tomorrow” the teacher said
 The teacher said/ told that they would have a test the next day
Ex 2: her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend tonight”
 Her father said to her that she could go to the movie with her friend that night
2. Yes/ No question

Do/ does/ did + S + V

S1 + asked + O + if/whether + S2 + V lùi thì
Have/ has/ had + S + V3/ed
Wanted to khow
Be + S + ….?
Wondered
Can/ will / may… + S + V ?

Ex 1: Tuan asked Ba “ are you watching this film now?”

Tuan asked Ba if he was (you are) watching that film then.
Ex 2: “Did you enjoy reading this book?” Phong asked me
Phong asked me if I had done enjoy reading that book.
3. Wh- question
“ why/ what /where,… + trợ động từ + S2 + V ..? ” S1 + said / asked
 S1 + asked + O + why/ what/ where …. + S2 + V lùi thì
Ex 1: he said to me “ why did you go with her father last week ?”
He asked me why I had gone with her father the day before
4. Câu ra lệnh, sai khiến
“ V, …. Phase” S + said  S + told/asked + O + him/her/us/them + to V
“ Don’t + V + …”  S + told/asked + O + not + to V
Ex 1: the mother said to him: “open the window please”
 The mother told him to open the window
Ex 2: “ Don’t swim out too far boy” said the coach
  The coach asked the boy not to swim out to far
Practice
1. Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks”
Phong said that his parents was very proud of his good marks
2. “ Are there any orange in the frigde?” he asked
He asked if there was any orange in the fridge
3. “ Will it rain tomorrow morning?” he asked his friend
He asked his friend if it would rained the next morning
4. The teacher said to Lien “what is your hobby”
The teacher said to Lien what her hobby was
5. “Did you go to Hue three year ago” Tam asked Peter
Tam asked Peter if he went to Hue three year before
6. She said to him “Give me another glass of wine”
She said to him to give her another glass of wine
7. He said “ I don’t understand those two lesson at all”
He said that he didn’t understand those two lesson at all
8. “ Have you ever been to Paris?” he said to me
He said to me if I had ever been to Paris
9. “Who went to the party last night?” he said to me
He said to me who had gone to the party the night before
10. “whose car did you borrow last night?” I said to him
I said to him whose car he had borrowed the night before
11. “ Come and see me if you have time” he said to us
He said to us to come and see him if I have time
12. “ Don’t forget to send your parent my regards”Sue said to me
Sue said to me not to forget to send my parent her regards
13. Pew said: “Nora and Jim are getting married tomorrow”
Pew said that Nora and Jim was getting married the next day
14. Her father said to her: “You can go to the movie with your friend tonight”
Her father said to her that she could go to the movie with her friend that night
15. The boss said: “Peter, I will be away for some days”
The boss said to Peter that he would be away for some days
16. Carol said to me “I will ask John about word”
Carol said to me that she would ask John about word
17. He said “I don’t understand those two lesson at all”
He said that he didn’t understand those two lesson at all
18. “ My partner didn’t finish the work” Johnson said
Johnson said that his partner hadn’t finished the work
19. “ Have you ever been to Paris?” he said to me
He said to me if I had ever been to Paris