CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS

1. Cholinergic drugs:
Direct acting Indirect acting agents
agents (Anticholinesterases:
Reversible Irreversible
Acetylcholine, Physostigmine, Parathion,
Arecholine, Neostigmine, Malathion,
Bethanechol. Pyridostigmine, Ecothiophate,
Carbachol, Edrophonium Tabun,
Muscarine, Sarin,
Pilocarpine Soman

2. Anticholinergic drugs:
a. Antimuscarinic drugs:
Atropine, Dicyclomine, Nortriptyline,
Biperiden. Diphenhydramine, Olanzapine,
Clomipramine, Doxepin, Scopolamine,
Clozapine, Imipramine, Trimipramine,
Desipramine, Meclizine

b. Antinicotinic agents:
Bupropion, Hexamethonium,
Dextromethorphan, Mecamylamine,
Doxacurium, Tubocurarine

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3. Adrenergic drugs:
According to receptor selectivity
ADRENERGIC DRUGS
Mainly α- Mainly β- Alpha & Beta Adr &
receptor receptor agonist DA
agonists agonists agonists
α1-agonists β1 agonists Adrenaline Dopamine
Phenylephrine Dobutamine Amphetamine
α2-agonists β2 agonists Ephedrine
α-methyldopa Salbutamol Noradrenaline
Clonidine Terbutaline
α1 and α2 Selective
combined β1 & β2
agonists agonists
Oxymetazoline Isoprenaline
Orciprenaline

4. Anti-Adrenergic drugs:
Alpha blockers
Nonequilibrium type:
Phenoxybenzamine.
Equilibrium type
(competitive):
A. Nonselective:
Ergotamine, Ergotoxine,
Dihydroergotamine (DHE),
Dihydroergotoxine,
Beta blockers
Nonselective (beta 1 and
beta 2): Propranolol,
Sotalol, Timolol, Pindolol,
Labetalol, Carvedilol
Cardioselective (β1):
Metoprolol, Atenolol,
Acebutolol, Bisoprolol,

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 Phentolamine, Esmolol, Betaxolol,
Chlorpromazine Celiprolol, Nebivolol
B. alpha 1 selective:
Prazosin, Terazosin,
Doxazosin, Alfuzosin,
C. alpha 2 selective:
Yohimbine
5. Coagulants
Vitamin K
K1 (Phytonadione)
K2 (Menaquinones
K3 (Synthetic): Menadione, Acetomenaphthone
Miscellaneous: Fibrinogen (human), Antihaemophilic
factor, Ethamsylate

6. Anticoagulants
Parenteral Anticoagulants: Heparin
Low Mol Wt Heparins: Enoxaparin, Dalteparin,
Tinzaparin, Nadoparin, Raviparin
Synthetic Heparin: Fondaparinux
Oral Anticoagulants
Dicumarol, Warfarin, Acenocumarol, Phenindione,
Anisindione

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7. Antihypertensive drugs

 Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors:

Captopril, Enalapril
 Angiotensin (AT1 receptor) antagonists: Losartan,
Telmisartan
 Calcium channel blockers: Felodipine, Amlodipine,
Nifedipine
 Diuretics: Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone,
Furosemide,
 β Adrenergic blockers: Propranolol, Metoprolol,
Atenolol
 β + α adrenergic blockers: Labetalol, Carvedilol
 α Adrenergic blockers: Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin
 Central sympatholytics: Clonidine, Methyldopa
 Vasodilators: Hydralazine, Minoxidil, Diazoxide,
Sodium Nitroprusside

8. Antianginal drugs

 Nitrates: (a) Short acting: Glyceryl trinitrate (b) Long

acting: Isosorbide mononitrate
 β Blockers: Propranolol, Metoprolol, Atenolol
 Calcium channel blockers: Amlodipine, Nifedipine,
Verapamil, Diltiazem
 Potassium channel opener: Nicorandil
 Others: Dipyridamole, Trimetazidine, Ranolazine

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9. Drugs for Cardiac arrhythmia

Class (I): Sodium channel blockers which include quinidine,

lidocaine, phenytion, flecainide, etc.
Class (II): Beta adrenergic blockers which include
propranolol, atenolol
Class (III): Potassium channel blockers e.g. amiodarone,
bretylium.
Class (IV): Calcium channel blockers e.g. verapamil, etc.
Class (V): Digitalis e.g.digoxin.

10. Lipid lowering drugs

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (Statins): Lovastatin,
Simvastatin, Pravastatin, Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin,
Bile acid sequestrants (Resins): Cholestyramine,
Colestipol
Lipoprotein lipase activators (PPARα activators,
Fibrates): Clofibrate, Gemfibrozil, Bezafibrate, And
Fenofibrate.
Lipolysis and triglyceride synthesis inhibitor: Nicotinic
acid.
Sterol absorption inhibitor: Ezetimibe.
11. Antiplatelet drugs
Thromboxane-A2 inhibitor: Aspirin
ADP receptor inhibitors: Clopidogrel
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers: Abciximab,
Eptifibatide
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors: Dipyridamole

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12. Thrombolytics
Alteplase, Anistreplase, Reteplase, Streptokinase,
Tenecteplase
Tissue plasminogen activator, Urokinase

1. Sedatives and hypnotics

A. Barbiturates:
Phenobarbitone, Butobarbitone, Pentobarbitone,
Thiopentone, Methohexitone
B. Benzodiazepines
• Hypnotic: Diazepam, Flurazepam, Nitrazepam,
Alprazolam
• Antianxiety: Diazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, Oxazepam,
Lorazepam
• Anticonvulsant: Diazepam, Clonazepam, Lorazepam,
Clobazam
C. Newer nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics:
Zopiclone, Zolpidem, Zaleplon

2. Antidepressants

 Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs): Imipramine,

Amitriptyline, Trimipramine, Doxepin, Clomipramine,
Desipramine, Nortriptyline, Amoxapine, Reboxetine
 SSRIs: Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine,
Sertraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram
 SNRIs: Venlafaxine, Duloxetine
 Atypical antidepressants: Trazodone, Mianserin,
Mirtazapine, Bupropion, Amineptine, Atomoxetine

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3. Antiparkinson drugs
 Dopaminergic precursors: Tyrosine, L-DOPA
(levodopa)
 COMT inhibitors: Entacapone, Opicapone, Tolcapone
 Peripheral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors:
Benserazide, Carbidopa
 MAO B inhibitors: Selegiline, Rasagiline
 Dopamine receptor agonists: Apomorphine,
Bromocriptine, Pramipexole
 Antimuscarinics: Scopolamine

4. Drugs for migraine

NSAIDs: naproxen, ibuprofen, acetaminophen
Drugs that treat nausea: Metoclopramide
Serotonin agonists, such as sumatriptan,
Tricyclic antidepressant, like imipramine Codeine is also
used.
Preventive medications:
Betablocker: Propranolol
CCB: Verapamil, Flunarizine
Tricyclic antidepressant: Imipramine

5. Drugs for epilepsy/fits/ convulsion

A. Inhibition of Use-Dependent Na+ channel
e.g., phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate, lamotrigine
B. Enhancement of GABAergic action
e.g., Phenobarbital & benzodiazepines activates GABAA
receptors to facilitate GABA-mediated opening of Cl-
channels.

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Benzodiazepines increase the frequency of opening of Cl-
channel.
Phenobarbital increases the duration of opening of Cl- channel.
C. Blockade of NMDA receptors/ AMPA
Felbamate: They are not available for clinical use
Barbiturates, Topiramate: Inhibit AMPA
D. Inhibition of T-type Ca+2 channels
Ethosuximide, Valproate, Zonisamide, Trimethadione

6. Drugs for schizophrenia

Typical antipsychotics: Haloperidol, loxapine, thioridazine,
fluphenazine, trifluoperazine, perphenazine, chlorpromazine.
Atypical antipsychotics: Clozapine, Aripiprazole,
Risperidone, Ziprasidone, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Zotepin.

7. Drugs for mania/ manic disorder

MOOD STABILISING AGENTS)
 Lithium: Lithium is actually an element that occurs
naturally in the environment, not a manufactured drug.
 Carbamazapine, Lamotrigine and Valproate: These 3
drugs are actually anticonvulsants.
 Asenapine: Asenapine is actually an antipsychotic drug,
but it is usually only used as a mood stabilizer.
8. Drugs for anxiety disorder
Benzodiazepines: Diazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, Oxazepam,
Lorazepam
Azapirones: Buspirone, Gepirone, Ispapirone
Sedative antihistaminic: Hydroxyzine
β blocker: Propranolol

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9. Local anaesthetics
 Short acting (less than 30 min) and less potent:
Procaine, Chlorprocaine
 Intermediate acting (1-2 hours) and intermediate
potent: Lidocaine,Prilocaine
 Long acting (3-6 hours) and potent: Bupivacaine,
Ropivacaine, Tetracaine

10. Opioids
 Natural opium alkaloids: Morphine, Codeine
 Semisynthetic: Diacetylmorphine (Heroin),
Pholcodeine, Ethylmorphine.
 Synthetic: Pethidine, Fentanyl, Methadone,
Dextropropoxyphene, Tramadol.

11. NSAIDS
 Nonselective Cox inhibitors: Aspirin, Indomethacin,
Sulindac, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Ketoprofen, Mephenamic
acid, Diclofenac sodium, Piroxicam, Tenoxicam, Ketorolac
 Preferential cox-2 inhibitor: Nimesulide, Meloxicam.
 Selective cox- 2 inhibitors: Celecoxib,
Rofecoxib,Valdecoxib
 Analgesics- Antipyretics: Paracetamol, Metamizol,
Nefopam (non opiod analgesic which donot inhibit PG
synthesis)

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1. Classification of antimicrobials as per chemical
structure

Sulfonamides: Sulfadiazine, Sulfasalazine

Diaminopyrimidines: Trimethoprim, Pyrimethamine.
Quinolones: Nalidixic acid, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin,
Ofloxacin.
Β-Lactam antibiotics: Penicillins, Cephalosporins,
Monobactams.
Tetracyclines: Oxytetracycline, Doxycycline,
Nitrobenzene derivative: Chloramphenicol.
Aminoglycosides: Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Amikacin,
Neomycin,
Macrolide antibiotics: Erythromycin, Clarithromycin.
Lincosamide antibiotics: Lincomycin,Clindamycin.
Glycopeptide antibiotics: Vancomycin, Teicoplanin.
Nitrofuran derivatives: Nitrofurantoin, Furazolidone.
Oxazolidinone: Linezolid.
Polypeptide antibiotics: Polymyxin-B, Colistin,
Bacitracin,
Nitroimidazoles: Metronidazole, Tinidazole, etc.
Nicotinic acid derivatives: Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide,
Ethionamide.
Polyene antibiotics: Nystatin, Amphotericin-B, Hamycin.
Azole derivatives: Miconazole, Clotrimazole, Ketoconazole,
Others: Rifampin, Ethambutol, Thiacetazone, Clofazimine.

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2. Classification of antimicrobials as per Mechanism of
action
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis: Beta lactams,
Cycloserine, Vancomycin, Bacitracin.
Cause leakage from cell membranes: Polypeptides
Interference with DNA synthesis: Acyclovir, Zidovudine.
Interference with intermediary metabolism:
Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, Pyrimethamine,
Metronidazole.
Inhibition of protein synthesis: Tetracyclines,
Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin.
Cause misreading of m-RNA code and affect
permeability: Streptomycin, Gentamicin, etc.
Inhibition of DNA gyrase: Fluoroquinolone

3. Classification of sulphonamides

Short-acting: Sulfacetamide, Sulfadiazine, Sulfadimidine,

Sulfisoxazole
Intermediate-acting: Sulfadoxine, Sulfamethoxazole,
Sulfamoxole
Long-acting: Sulfadimethoxine, Sulfamethoxypyridazine,
Sulfametoxydiazine
Ultra long-acting: Sulfadoxine, Sulfametopyrazine

4. Classification of Penicillins

Natural Penicillin: Penicillin G

Acid resistant alternative to Pn G: Penicillin V

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Penicillinase reistant penicillins: Methicillin, Oxacillin,
Cloxacillin
Extended Spectrum Penicillins
• Amino Penicillins: Ampicillin, Bacampacillin,
Amoxycillin
• Carboxy penicillins: Carbenicillin, Carfecillin,
Ticarcillin
• Ureido Penicillins: Piperacillin, Mezlocillin
• Mecillinan: Amdinocillin

5. Classification of Cephalosporins
 First generation cephalosporins: Cefadroxil,
Cephalexin, Cefazolin, Cephradine.
 Second generation cephalosporins: Cefaclor,
Cefuroxime, Cefotetan, Cefoxitin
 Third generation cephalosporins: Cefixime,
Cefpodoxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime.
 Fourth generation cephalosporins: Cefepime,
Cefluprenam, Cefozopran, Cefpirome.
 Fifth generation cephalosporins: Ceftaroline,
Ceftobiprole

6. List of aminoglycosides
Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Sisomicin, Kanamycin ,
Tobramycin,
Amikacin, Neomycin, Soframycin

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7. List of macrolides
Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Roxithromycin ,
Erythromycin

8. List of tetracyclines
Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline

9. List of quinolones and fluoroquinolones

Nalidixic acid
Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Enoxacin, Ofloxacin
Levofloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Lomefloxacin

10. List of Azoles

Ketoconazole, Miconazole, fluconazole, Itraconazole

11. List of Nitroimidazole

Metronidazole, ornidazole, satranidazole, tinidazole

12. Antifungal drugs

Antibiotics: Amphotericin B (AMB), Nystatin, Hamycin,
Griseofulvin,Natamycin
Antimetabolite: Flucytosine (5-FC)
Azoles: Clotrimazole, Econazole, Miconazole, Oxiconazole,
Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Itraconazole
Antifolate: Trimethoprim
Iron chelator: Deferoxamine
Allylamine: Terbinafine
Other topical agents: Tolnaftate, Benzoic acid,
Quiniodochlor, Sod. Thiosulfate, Salicylic acid.

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13. Anthelmintics
For Round worm: Mebendazole, Albendazole,pyrantel
For Hookworm: Mebendazole, Albendazole,pyrantel
For Pin worm: Mebendazole, Albendazole,pyrantel
For Thread Worm: Ivermectin
For Whipworm: Mebendazole
For Filaria: Diethyl carbamazine, Ivermectin
For Guineaworm: Metronidazole
For Tapeworms: Praziquantel, Niclosamide

14. Antiamoebic drugs

 Nitroimidazoles: Metronidazole, Tinidazole,
Secnidazole, Ornidazole
 Alkaloids: Emetine, Dehydroemetine
 Amide: Diloxanide furoate, Nitazoxanide
 8-Hydroxyquinolines:Quiniodochlor,
Diiodohydroxyquin
 Antibiotics: Tetracyclines, Paromomycin

15. Antimalarials
4 aminoquinolines: – Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine,
Amodiaquine
8 aminoquinolines: – Primaquine, Tafenoquine, Bulaquine
Cinchona alkaloids: – Quinine, Quinidine
Quinoline methanol: Mefloquine
Biguanides – Proguanil, Chlorproguanil
Diaminopyrimidines Pyrimethamine
Sulfonamides – Sulfadoxine, dapsone
Tetracyclines: – tetracycline, doxycycline

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Naphthoquinone: – Atovaquone
Sesquiterpene lactones: – Artesunate, artemether,
arteether

16. Antitubercular drugs

1st Line Drugs: INH (Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide),
Rifampicin (or Rifampin), Pyrizinamide, Streptomycin,
Ethambutol, Thiacetazone
2ndLineDrugs: Amikacin, Kanamycin, Clarithromycin.

17. Antileprotic drugs

Dapsone, clofazimine, rifampin, minocycline. ofloxacin

1. Classify Autacoids
Amine autacoids: Histamine, 5-Hydroxytryptamine
(Serotonin)
Lipid derived autacoids: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes,
Platelet activating factor
Peptide autacoids: Plasma kinins (Bradykinin, Kallidin),
Angiotensin
In addition, cytokines (interleukins, TNFα, GM-CSF,
etc.) and several peptides like gastrin, somatostatin,
vasoactive intestinal peptide and many others may be
considered as autacoids.

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2. H1- Antihistaminics
First-generation H1-antihistamines
Promethazine, Alimemazine, Dexchlorpheniramine,
Brompheniramine, Buclizine, Doxylamine,
Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate, Scopolamine
Oxatomide.
Second-generation H1-antihistamines
Mequitazine, Cetirizine, Loratadine, Mizolastine,
Fexofenadine, Levocetirizine Azelastine

3. Drugs used for peptic ulcer

ANTACIDS:
 Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda),
 Magnesium hydroxide,
 Aluminium hydroxide,
 Magnesium tricylicate,
ACID REDUCERS: H2 blockers: Cimetidine, ranitidine,
famotidine, nizatidine
Proton pump inhibitors: omeprazole , esomeprazole, pantoprazole
ULCER PROTECTIVES: sucralfate, colloidal bismuth subcitrate
Prostaglandins: misoprostal

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4. Drugs used for diarrhoea
OPIATES: Opioids in gut cause decrease in intestinal
motility.
Diphenoxylate, Diphenoxin, Loperamide
ADSORBENTS: They act as absorbants of bacterial toxins
and fluids and decrease stool fluidity and frequency. Kaolin
(attapulgite), Pectin
MISCELLANEOUS: They absorb water and reduce fecal
water content, leading to increased consistency of stools and
giving false impression of bettering the diarrhea. Bismuth
subsalicylte, Bismuth carbonate, Octreotide, Ispagullah husk
and methylcellulose.

5. Antiemetics
Anticholinergic drug: Hyoscine, Dicyclomine
H1 Antihistaminics: Promethadine, Cinnarizine
Neuroleptics: Haloperidol,Chlorpromazine
Prokinetic drug: Domperidone,Cisapride, Mosapride,
Metochlopramide
5-HT3 Antagonist: Granisteron, Ondansteron
Adjuvant Antiemetics: Dexamethasone, Benzodiazepine,
Cannabinoids.

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6. Drugs used for Gout

 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs):

ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, indomethacin, celecoxib
 Colchicine. a type of pain reliever that effectively reduces
gout pain.
 Corticosteroids. Corticosteroid medications, such as the
drug prednisone, may control gout inflammation and pain.
Corticosteroids may be administered in pill form, or they
can be injected into your joint.
 Medications that block uric acid production:
allopurinol, febuxostat. This may lower your blood's uric
acid level and reduce your risk of gout.

7. Nasal decongestants
Short-acting nasal decongestants
 ephedrine
 levmetamfetamine or L-desoxyephedrine
 Naphazoline
 Phenylephrine
 Propylhexedrine
Long-acting decongestants (8 to 12 hours)
 Xylometazoline, oxymetazoline

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8. Drugs acting on uterus
Drugs producing uterine contractions/stimulations
(Oxytocics): Oxytocin, Ergometrine, Prostaglandins,
Quinine, Emetine, Alcohol, Ethacridine
Drugs producing uterine relaxation (tocolytics):
Alcohol, β2-adrenergic agonists (such as ritodrine,
salbutamol, or terbutaline), oxytocin receptor antagonist
(such as atosiban), Ca2+ channel blockers (such as
nifedipine or nicardipine), Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4),
prostaglandin inhibitors (such as Indomethacin)

9. Progestins
 1st generation: Norethindrone, Norethinodrel,
Lynestrenol
 2nd generation: Norgestrel, Levonorgestrel
 3rd generation: Desogestrel, Norgestimate, Gestodene
 4th generation: Nomegestrol, Drospirenone
10. Bronchial asthma
A. BRONCHODILATORS
1. Selective β2- Agonists: Salbutamol, Terbutaline,
Remiterol, Fenoterol, Salmeterol, Formoterol, Bambuterol
2. Non-selective sympathomimetics: Epinephrine,
Ephedrine, Isoprenaline, Orciprenaline (Metaproterenol),
Isoetharine
3. Anticholinergics: Ipatropium, Tiotropium, Oxitropium
4. Methyl Xanthines: Theophylline, Aminophylline,
diprophylline.

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B. CORTICOSTEROIDS: Prednisone, methyl
prednisolone, Hydrocortisone, Beclomethasone, Fluticasone,
Triamcinolone, Budesonide, Flunisolide
C. MAST CELL STABILISERS: Sodium Ceromoglycate,
Nedocromil, Ketotifen
D. 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor: Zileuton
LTD4 – Receptor Antagonists: Zafirlukast,
Montelukast, Iralukast
E. MONOCLONAL ANTI-IGE ANTIBODY:
Omalizumad
F. MISCELLANEOUS: Nitric oxide donors, Calcium
channel blockers

1. Corticosteroids
A. Glucocorticoids:
a) Short acting (8-12 hours): Hydrocortisone, Cortisone
b) Intermediate acting (12-36 hours): Prednisolone,
Prednisone, Methyl Prednisolone, Triamcinolone
c) Long acting (36-72 hours): Betamethasone,
Dexamethasone
d) Local acting: Beclomethasone, Fluticasone, Budesonide
B. Mineralcorticoids: Aldosterone, Fludrocortisone,
Desoxycorticosterone acetate

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2. Antithyroid drugs
Drugs that Inhibit Thyroid Hormone Synthesis
(Thioamides): Methimazole, Carbimazole
Drugs that Inhibit Iodide Trapping (Ionic inhibitors):
Thiocyanate, Perchlorates
Drugs that Inhibit Hormone Release: Iodides, Lithium
Drugs that Destroy Thyroid Tissue: Radioactive Iodines
Drugs that Inhibit Peripheral Conversion of T4 to T3:
Amiodarone, β-blockers, Corticosteroids

3. Insulin types
A.Ultra-short acting insulins: Insulin lispro, Insulin
aspart & Insulin glulisine. Their action starts within 10- 20
min & lasts for 3-4 hrs.
B.Short acting insulins: These are Regular insulin,
Prompt Insulin-Zn Suspension or Semilente. Their effect
starts within 30 min & lasts for 5 – 8 hrs. These are soluble
crystalline Zn-Insulins made by recombinant DNA
techniques which are identical to human insulin.
C.Intermediate acting Insulins: These are NPH or
Isophane insulin & Lente Insulin. These have slower onset
(1-3 hrs) but longer duration of action (16-20 hrs).
D.Longer acting insulins: These are Ultralente & Insulin
Glargine. Ultralente is a cloudy Zn-suspension at neutral
pH in acetate buffer. It is usually combined with semilente
preparation & given s.c.

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4. Oral hypoglycaemic agents
Sulfonylureas
First generation:
Acetohexamide, Chloropropamide, Tolbutamide
Second generation: Glipizide, Glyburide,Glimepiride
Meglitinides: Repaglinide , Nateglinide
Biguanide: Metformin
Thiazolidinediones: Rosiglitazone,Pioglitazone
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: Acarbose, Miglitol

5. Anti-androgens
Steroid synthesis inhibitors: Ketoconazole
5-α reductase inhibitors: Finasteride and dutasteride
Androgen receptor inhibitors: Cyproterone and
cyproterone acetate, Flutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide
and nilutamide
Aldosterone Antagonist: Spironolactone

6. Anticholinergic drugs according to uses

1 Anti-asthmatics
• Ipratropium bromide,Tiotropium
2 Antidote to cholinergic poisoning
• Atropine sulphate
3 Antidiarrhoeal
• Atropine sulphate, Diphenoxylate
4 Anti-Parkinsonism

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• Benzhexol, Benztropine,
Biperidine,Orphenadine,Procyclidine
5 Antispasmodic
• Atropine sulphate, Clidineum bromide
• Hyoscine butylbromide,Pipenzolate bromide
6 Anti-ulcer
• Pirenzepine, Telenzepine
7 As pre-anaesthetic medication and in motion
sickness
• Atropine sulphate
• Hyoscine butylbromide
8 Mydriatics and cycloplegics
• Atropine sulphate, Cyclopentolate hydrochloride
• Eucatropine hydrochloride, Homatropine hydrobromide
• Tropicamide

7. Diuretics
• Osmotic diuretics: mannitol (urea, glycerin, isosorbide)
• Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: acetazolamide
(dichlorphenamide, metazolamide)
• Loop diuretics: furosemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
• Thiazides, thiazide-like diuretics: (chlorothiazide),
hydrochlorothiazide, clopamide, indapamide, chlorthalidone
• Na+ channel antagonists: amiloride, triamterene
• Aldosterone antagonists: spironolactone, (canrenoate),
eplerenone

JYOTIRANJAN ROUL, Mob: 7020129690, 9356818945, 9028329566

8. Antiherpes drugs
• Adefovir, Interferon, Lamivudine, Ribavirin

9. Antiinfluenza drugs
Amantadine, Rimantadine, Oseltamivir, Zanamivir

10. Cathartics/drastics/laxatives/purgatives
A According to b Osmotic
mechanism of action • Glycerin
(MOA) • Lactose
1 Stimulant/irritant • Mannitol
purgatives • Sorbitol
a Small gut: Castor oil, • Saline purgatives
Resins 3 Fecal softeners:
b Large gut: Bisacodyl, Docusate Na+,
Anthracene Lubricants (arachis oil,
2 Bulk-forming liquid paraffin)
purgatives 4 Miscellaneous
a Colloidal • Calomel
• Agar-agar • Colocynth
• Bran • Croton oil
• Calcium polycarbophil • Opioid receptor
• Frangula antagonist
• Isphagol husk • Parasympathomimetics
• Methyl-cellulose • Sulphur
• Malt soup extract • 5-HT4 receptor agonist
• Psyllium husk B According to site of
• Sterculia action

JYOTIRANJAN ROUL, Mob: 7020129690, 9356818945, 9028329566

 1 Small intestine
• Castor oil
• Irritant resins
2 Large intestine
• Anthracene derivatives
• Bisacodyl
• Phenolphthalein
3 Small and large
intestines
• Lubricants
• Saline purgatives

JYOTIRANJAN ROUL, Mob: 7020129690, 9356818945, 9028329566

1. Drugs for productive cough.
1 Expectorants: Potassium acetate and citrate, Ammonium
carbonate and chloride, Tincture ipecacuanha, Sodium and
potassium iodide, Creosote, Guaiacol, Guaiphenesin,
Terpenehydrate
2 Mucolytics: Ambroxol,Acetylcysteine, Bromohexine,
Carbocysteine,Methylcysteine, Proteolytic enzymes (e.g.
pancreatic domase and trypsin)

2. Drugs for non-productive cough

Peripheral antitussives: Benzonatate, Liquorice lozenges
Central antitussives: Morphine, methadone, Pholcodeine,
Benzonatate, Carbetapentane, Chlorphedianol,
Dextromethorphan, Narcotine, Oxeladine

3. Drugs for CCF

1 ACE inhibitors
• Captopril, Enalapril,Lisinopril
2 Cardiotonic drugs
i β1-selective adrenoceptor agonists
• Dobutamine, Prenalterol
ii Bipyridine derivatives
• Inamrinone, Milrinone
iii Cardiac glycosides
• Digoxin, Digitoxin,Gitoxin,

JYOTIRANJAN ROUL, Mob: 7020129690, 9356818945, 9028329566

3 Diuretics
i Loop diuretics: Ethacrynic acid,Furosemide
ii Thiazide diuretics: Bendrofluazide,Polythiazide
4 Vasodilators
• Hydralazine, Nifedipine,Nitroglycerin, Prazosin,Sodium
nitroprusside

4. Drugs used for partial seizure

1 For simple partial epilepsy
• Lamotrigine, Felbamate, Phenytoin,Carbamazepine,
Primidone, Gabapentin, Vigabatrin, Topiramate
2 For complex partial/psychomotor/temporal-lobe
epilepsy and
Jacksonian epilepsy
• Phenytoin, Carbamazepine,Primidone,
Gabapentin,Vigabatrin, Topiramate

5. Drugs used for generalized seizure

1 For grand-mal epilepsy/generalised tonic-clonic
seizures
• Sodium valproate, Phenobarbitone,Primidone
• Gabapentin, Vigabatrin, Lamotrigine,Felbamate
2 Petit-mal epilepsy/absence seizures
• Sodium valproate, Clonazepam, Ethosuximide
3 Atonic seizures
• Sodium valproate, Clonazepam, Nitrazepam

JYOTIRANJAN ROUL, Mob: 7020129690, 9356818945, 9028329566

 4 Myoclonic seizures
• Clonazepam
5 Febrile seizures (in children)
• Phenobarbitone, Primidone
6 Infantile spasms
• Corticotropin, Vigabatrin, Nitrazepam

6. Therapeutic classification of benzodiazepines

1 Sedative/hypnotics
• Flurazepam, Nitrazepam,Triazolam,Lormetazepam
2 Anxiolytics
• Diazepam, Lormetazepam,oxazepam
3 Anticonvulsants
• Diazepam, Clonazepam,Nitrazepam
4 Central muscle relaxants
• Diazepam, Clonazepam,Flurazepam

JYOTIRANJAN ROUL, Mob: 7020129690, 9356818945, 9028329566