2

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION:...................................................................................................... 4
II. THE EQUATIONS: ................................................................................................... 5
II.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 5
II.2 SAINT-VENANT EQUATIONS ................................................................... 5
II.2.1 Notations and basics of geometry.................................................... 5
II.2.2 Navier-Stokes equations for averaged Reynolds number ................ 7
II.2.3 Hypotheses, approximations, and rules of calculations ................... 9
II.2.4 The average of Navier-Stokes equations........................................ 11
II.2.4.1 Principle:.......................................................................... 11
II.2.4.2 Average of the continuity equation:................................ 11
II.2.4.3 Average of the momentum equation............................... 12
II.2.5 Different forms of equations .......................................................... 16
II.2.5.1 Conservative form........................................................... 16
II.2.5.2 Non-conservative form.................................................... 16
II.2.5.3 Wave celerity from the Saint-Venant equations:............ 17
II.2.5.4 Celerity-velocity formulation.......................................... 18
II.2.5.5 Analogies with Euler’s equations:................................... 19
II.2.6 Characteristic curves ...................................................................... 21
II.2.7 Concepts of hydraulic jumps.......................................................... 24
II.2.7.1 Stationary hydraulic jumps, conjugate relations ............. 24
II.2.7.2 Moving hydraulic jump................................................... 26
II.2.8 Source terms and volumic forces ................................................... 27
II.2.8.1 Friction on the bottom..................................................... 27
II.2.8.2 Coriolis force................................................................... 29
II.2.8.3 Influence of wind:............................................................ 30
II.2.8.4 Atmospheric pressure:..................................................... 31
II.2.8.5 Sources of momentum..................................................... 31
II.2.9 Saint-Venant equations in Mercator projection: .......................... 32
II.2.10 Spatial variations of density:........................................................ 37
II.2.10.1 Momentum equations:................................................... 37
II.2.10.2 Salinity equation:........................................................... 38
II.2.11 Boundary conditions:................................................................. 39
II.3 Tracer Equation:.......................................................................................... 42
II.4 Turbulence Modelling:.................................................................................. 45
II.4.1 Equations of the k-epsilon model:................................................ 45
II.4.2 Boundary conditions of the k-epsilon model: .............................. 47
III. SOLUTION ALGORITHMS:............................................................................... 50
III.1 Brief description: ......................................................................................... 50
III.2 Fractional step method :............................................................................... 50
III.3 Advection step by the method of characteristics:........................................ 52
III.4 Propagation - diffusion - source terms :....................................................... 52
III.4.1 Discretisation in time :.................................................................. 52
III.4.2 Discretisation in space :................................................................ 56
III.4.2.1 Linear discretisation in triangles :.................................. 56
III.4.3 Variational Formulation:............................................................... 58
III.4.4 Natural boundary conditions:........................................................ 63

HE-43/94/052/A TELEMAC-2D version 3.0 août 20, 2001