MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES

1. expresses rational numbers from fraction form to decimal form and vice versa. (M7NS-Ie-1)
2. performs operations on rational numbers(M7NS-If-1)
RATIONAL NUMBERS are numbers that can be expressed as a
ratio of two integers. The most common representations of a
rational numbers are the fractions and decimals (terminating
decimals and repeating decimals). Natural numbers, Whole
numbers and Integers are kinds of rational numbers for they can
be written as ratio of two integers.
i.e.
2
Natural numbers: 2 is can be written as 1
0
Whole numbers: 0 is can be written as
1
−13
Integers: -13 is can be written as
1
For we all know that “any number divided by 1 is equal to itself”
Examples
3 −6 1
-2 0 7 2
8 15 3
12.3, 3.14159, -0.027 -3.77…
3
0.131313… √16 √8
Non-Examples
1.127432331478…(non-repeating and non-terminating decimals) A number that is not Rational is called Irrational
3
−√15 (not a perfect square) √7 (not a perfect cube) 𝜋(pie)

Aside from Fractions and Decimals, Rational numbers can be expressed as Ratio and Percent
FRACTION RATIO DECIMAL PERCENT
3 3:1 3 → 3.0 300%
3 or 1
3 -3:5 -0.6 -60%
−
5
12 3 3:2 1.5 150%
or
8 2
4 1 -1:25 -0.04 -4%
− 𝑜𝑟 −
100 25

To change fractions into ratios, make sure your To change decimals into percent, just multiply the
fraction is in lowest term. decimal form by 100%.

Converting Decimals into Fractions and Vice Versa

• Decimals to Fractions
To convert a decimal into a fraction, observe the decimal place value (this will become the denominator) of the decimal,
then rewrite it as you read it. If possible, reduce the fraction to its lowest term
For Examples:
(i) 0.24 can be read as twenty-four (24) hundredths (100th)
24 6
100
when reduce to lowest term becomes 25
(ii) 3. 025 can be read as three (3) and twenty-five(25) thousandths (1000th)
25 1 121
3 1000 or 3 40(mixed form) or 40 (improper form)
• Fractions to Decimals
To convert a fraction into a decimal, make sure the given was in fraction form (not mixed) either proper or improper
form, then just divide the numerator by the denominator.
For Examples:
5
(i) 20 → divide 5 by 20,
5 ÷ 20 = 0.25
32
(ii) 24 → divide 32 by 24,
32 ÷ 24 = 1.333 …
1
(iii) 2 5 → (𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚)
1 11
2 → divide 11 by 5
5 5
11 ÷ 5 = 2.2

To convert mixed fraction into improper form, multiply the denominator to the whole number then add the
numerator for it will become the numerator of the improper fraction, the denominator will stay the same
PROPERTIES ON OPERATIONS OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
Closure property:
(Closure Property of Addition)
-The sum of two rational numbers is always a rational number
(Closure Property of Subtraction)
-The difference of two rational numbers is always a rational number
(Closure Property of Multiplication)
-The product of two rational numbers is always a rational number.
(Closure Property of Division)
𝑎 𝑐 𝑐
-The quotient of two rational numbers is always a rational number. 𝑏 ÷ 𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑑 ≠ 0

Commutative property:
For any two rational numbers a and b, we have;
(Commutative Property of Addition) a+b = b+a
(Commutative Property of Multiplication) ab = ba
-The interchanging of the position/order of rational numbers in addition/multiplication doesn’t affect its sum/product

Associative property:
For any two rational numbers a, b and c, we have;
(Associative Property of Addition) (a+b)+c = a+( b+c)
(Associative Property of Multiplication) (ab)c = a(bc)
-The interchanging of the groupings of rational numbers in addition/multiplication doesn’t affect its sum/product

Identity property:
For any rational number a, we have;
(Identity Property of Addition) a+0 = a ; 0+a = a
-The number 0 is called the additive identity for rational numbers. Any number added to 0 is always the same number
(Identity Property of Multiplication) (a)(1) = a ; (1)(a) = a
-The number 1 is called the multiplicative identity for rational numbers. Any number multiplied to 1 is always the same
number

Inverse property:
𝒂
For any rational number , we have;
𝒃
(Inverse Property of Addition) a + (-a) = 0 ; (-a) + a = 0
-Any rational number added to its opposite is always 0, where -a is the additive inverse of a
𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎
(Inverse Property of Multiplication) ( ) ●( ) = 1 ; ( )● ( ) = 1
𝑏 𝑎 𝑎 𝑏
𝑏 𝑎
-Any integer multiplied by its reciprocal is always 1, where 𝑎is the multiplicative inverse of (𝑏 )

Zero property:
For any rational number a, we have;
(Zero Property of Multiplication) a ● 0 = 0 ; 0 ● a = 0
-Any rational number multiplied to 0 is always 0

Distributive property:
For any rational number a, b and c we have;
(Distributive property of multiplication over addition)
a (b + c) =ab + ac ;
(b + c) a = ba + ca
-The number a multiplied to the sum of b and c is equal to the product of a and b plus the product of a and c

OPERATIONS ON RATIONAL NUMBERS

The rules of operations on integers are also applied in the operations on rational numbers.

Addition of Similar Fractions

Similar Fractions- are fractions with common denominator.
If two fractions are similar; add the numerators, then copy the common denominator, reduce the answer in simplest
form
i.e.
3 1 4 1 3 1 4 1
(i) 8 + 8 = 8 𝑜𝑟 2 (ii) - 8 + (− 8) = − 8 𝑜𝑟 − 2
3 1 2 1 3 1 2 1
(iii) 8
+ (− 8) = 8 𝑜𝑟 4 (𝑖𝑣) (− 8) + 8 = − 8 𝑜𝑟 − 4
Subtraction of Similar Fractions
Similar Fractions- are fractions with common denominator.
If two fractions are similar; subtract the numerators, then copy the common denominator, reduce the answer in
simplest form
i.e.
3 1 3 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 2 1
(i) − → + (− ) = 𝑜𝑟 (ii) - − (− ) → - + = − 𝑜𝑟 −
8 8 8 8 8 4 8 8 8 8 8 4
3 1 3 1 4 1 3 1 3 1 4 1
(iii) − (− ) → + = 𝑜𝑟 (𝑖𝑣 ) (− ) − → (− 8) + (− 8) = − 8 𝑜𝑟 −
8 8 8 8 8 2 8 8 2

Addition of Dissimilar Fractions

Dissimilar Fractions- are fractions with different denominators.
If two fractions are dissimilar; change them into similar fractions by finding the LCD, then proceed to the process of
addition of similar fractions
i.e.
1 3 2 3 1
(i) −2 + 4 → −4 +4 = 4
Here the LCD is 4 for the denominators 2 and 4. To find the numerators of the new fractions, just divide the LCD by each
denominator of each given fraction then multiply the quotient to its numerator

Subtraction of Dissimilar Fractions

Dissimilar Fractions- are fractions with different denominators.
If two fractions are dissimilar; change them into similar fractions by finding the LCD, then proceed to the process of
subtraction of similar fractions
i.e.
1 3 2 3 2 3 −5
(i) − 2 − 4 → − 4 − 4 → − 4 + (− 4) = 4
Here the LCD is 4 for the denominators 2 and 4. To find the numerators of the new fractions, just divide the LCD by each
denominator of each given fraction then multiply the quotient to its numerator

Multiplication of Fractions
Regardless of two fractions are similar or dissimilar;
IMPORTANT: make sure the given must be in fraction form (not mixed)
multiply the numerator of first fraction to the numerator of the second fraction and multiply the denominator of first
fraction to the denominator of the second fraction. Reduce the answer to its lowest term.
(You can use Cancellation Method if applicable; when a pair of numerator and denominator have a GCF)

i.e.

1 3 3
(i) 2 ∙ 5 = 10
1
4 11 11
(ii) 7 ∙ (− 12) = − 21 here 4 and 12 have a GCF of 4, so both are divided by 4
3
1 3 41 1
(iii) − 9 ∙ 8 = − 6 here 3 and 9 have a GCF of 3; and 4 and 8 have a GCF of 4
3 2
3 3
12 21 9
iv) − 7
∙ (− 8
) =2 here 12 and 8 have a GCF of 4; and 21 and 7 have a GCF of 7
1 2

Division of Fractions
Regardless of two fractions are similar or dissimilar;
Find the reciprocal of the divisor, then proceed to the process of multiplication. Reduce the answer to its lowest term.
i.e.
1 2 1 3 3
(i) 2 ÷ (− 3) → 2 ∙ (− 2) = − 4
2 3
12 18 12 30 6 2
(ii) - 50 ÷ (− 30) →- 50
∙ (− 18) = 15 𝑜𝑟 5
5 3

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

In adding/subtracting decimals.
Follow these steps:
a. Arrange the decimals in column where the decimal points are aligned
b. Add supplementary zeros(0) if needed to make the decimals be common in the decimal place value
c. Then proceed to the process of addition/subtraction
i.e.
Addition
(i) 3.7 + 0.133 (ii) 3.7 + (-0.133)
3.700 3.700
+ 0.133 + -0.133
3.833 3.567
Subtraction
(iii) -3.7 – 0.133 → -3.7 + (-0.133) (iv) -3.7 – (-0.133) → -3.7 + 0.133
-3.700 -3.700
+ -0.133 + 0.133
-3.833 -3.567

Multiplication of Decimals
In multiplying decimals.
Follow these steps:
a. Arrange the decimals in column
b. Multiply as integers
c. The decimal place of the product is equal to number the sum of decimal places of the factors, then simplify if needed
i.e.
(i) 3.25 ∙ (−0.231) (ii) −1.12 ∙ (−7.5)
3.25 – 2 decimal places -1.12 – 2 decimal places
x -0.231 – 3 decimal places x -7.5 – 1 decimal places
-0.75075 - 5 decimal places 8.400 - 3 decimal places, simplify 8.4

Division of Decimals
In dividing decimals.
Follow these steps:
a. Arrange the decimals using the division box
b. Change the divisor a whole number by multiplying power of 10. the same power of 10 will be multiplied to the
dividend. Then rewrite them
c. Then start dividing. The decimal of the quotient must be aligned to the decimal of the dividend
i.e.
(i) 5.275 ÷ −2.5
-2.11
-2.5 5.275 to change the divisor -2.5 -25 52.75
into a whole number, multiply it by 10 50
that makes it -25 also the dividend 5.275 27
must be multiplied by 10 that makes it 52.75 25
25
25
0
(ii) 5.3 ÷ 0.04
132.5
0.04 5.3 to change the divisor 0.04 4 530.0
into a whole number, multiply it by 100 -4
that makes it 4 also the dividend 5.3 13
must be multiplied by 100 that makes it 530 - 12
10
-8
20
- 20
0
(iii) −2.2 ÷ (−8)
0.275
-8 -2.2 here there is no need to change the divisor -8 8 2.200
for it is already a whole number -0
22
- 16
60
-56
40
- 40
0