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Construction machine - driver's workplace - design phase - ergonomic

requirements
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II. DETERMINATION OF ERGONOMIC REQUIREMENTS INCLUDING NORMATIVE DATA

Adjustment of seat height to 5th percentile man sitting giant to 95th percentile sitting dwarf
Provide seat length adjustment:
for easy access to the seat
for easy access to the steering wheel

Seat adjustment based on the seat index point of the average machine operator of normal proportionality, seat in middle position with easy access to steering
wheel and foot controls

Comfortable posture: determining factors:

Hip joint, torso, knee joint, ankle joint, elbow joint angle, upper arm abduction to the body, upper arm angle to the torso

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Source: DIN EN ISO 6682:2009-06 Earth-moving machinery - Controls - Comfort zones and reach zones. German version EN ISO 6682:2008

Comfort angle: see also DIN 33408-01 Supplement 1:1987-01

Sitting posture of commercial vehicle drivers, recommended body angles:

Accessibility of joysticks with hand grip

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Longitudinal adjustment of the joysticks for 5th percentile man, short arms to 95th percentile man, long arms
Joysticks in a functional block that is permanently attached to the seat and is linked to the seat adjustment
Accessibility of foot controls: for rocker pedals and push buttons, operation with the ball of the foot and heel on the foot
Geometric reference point: seat index point SIP
Derivation of all adjustment options of the interior using the human model CharAT Ergonomics
The SIP corresponds approximately to the hip point on the human model, therefore H-point and SIP are considered equal

Restriction: The SIP and H-point are geometric reference points.

Determination of the coordinates of the SIP in relation to the seat:

a) from technical data sheets

The SIP, which is determined using a seat measuring machine and published and plotted in seat data sheets, represents the intersection point between the theoretical
axes of the human upper body and the human thigh on the vertical plane through the seat center line. The hip point (H-point) of the human model is then aligned
with the SIP and simulates the position of the pelvis in the weight-bearing seat.

The SIP according to DIN EN ISO 5353:1999-03 represents its position for a machine operator who loads the seat with a weight of 75 kg and therefore
corresponds approximately to a 50th body height percentile (see DIN EN ISO 3411:2007-11).

It can be assumed that the SIP has a different position for small and large machine operators. It therefore does not seem sensible to place different human models
reflecting the variability of the user group in the same average SIP. Since the human model cannot currently simulate sinking into a seat depending on the seat
cushion properties and the compressibility of the thighs, etc., a sufficiently precise SIP adjustment field must be found at least for the geometric SIP used.

Percentile data on SIP from DIN EN ISO 3411:2007-11 can be helpful here.

The standard specifies percentile-dependent horizontal and vertical distances of the SIP to reference planes that are comparable to the SIP seat measuring machine.

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The SIP published in data sheets for commercial vehicle seats corresponds - as explained above - approximately to the 50th height percentile.

Accordingly, the distance of the SIP/percentile_5 and SIP/percentile_95 to the SIP/percentile_50 can be determined from the above data from DIN EN ISO
3411:2007-11 and converted into a corresponding geometric adjustment field. A 5th percentile is then placed on the corrected SIP in the SIP/P5, etc.

It should be noted that the data from DIN EN ISO 3411:2007-11 represent machine operators from the world population. The measurements were derived from
data from men and women in the USA, Europe and Asia.

b) via an auxiliary construction

If the SIP for a seat is not known, it can be approximately related to the intersection point of the backrest surface and the seat surface (to the SRP) for a simplified
seat.

The position of the SIP(P50) in relation to the SRP is regulated by standards. According to DIN EN ISO 5353:1999-03, it is 97 mm above and 130 mm in front of
the SRP.

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The position of the SIP (P50 reference SRP) can be determined using an auxiliary structure that is then positioned on the seat.

Image source, image left: according to DIN EN ISO 5353:1999-03 Earth-moving machinery and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Seat index
point

For this purpose, the auxiliary structure for the SIP (P50 reference SRP) with its support surfaces is placed on the surfaces of the seat and vertical backrest
upholstery in such a way that the best possible contact is established.

When inserting a human model, its H-point must be aligned with the SIP (P50 reference SRP). Percentile-dependent H-point positions that deviate from this
insertion point are not taken into account in this geometric solution. A rough approximation to the geometric solution for a P50 achieved in a) is ensured.

Minimum clearance for machine operators of earth-moving machines: according to DIN EN ISO 3411:2007, based on SIP of the large machine operator:
SIP height of the large machine operator:

Height of seat surface horizontal (with shoes) above floor: 495 mm + height SIP above seat surface: 97 mm

SIP height above ground (z-value) = 592 mm

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Image source: according to DIN EN ISO 3411:2007 Earth-moving machinery - Body dimensions of machine operators and minimum clearance

Adjustment of clearance height possible for the following situation:

40 mm reduction in free space height for seats without vertical seat height adjustment;
Adjusting the angle of the driver's seat backrest greater than 15°
Reduction of the minimum width to 620 mm permitted for certain types of machines (e.g. compact machines)
Reduction of the minimum clearance to the rear of the barrier (R3) when sitting in a normal forward-leaning position (operating the steering) or when
looking to the rear of the machine:

Minimum b + 250 mm, where b is half the longitudinal adjustment of the seat.

Minimum seat dimensions and seat adjustability:

a) according to DIN EN 474-1:2010 for compact machines:

35 mm seat length adjustment or sufficient adjustability of frequently used controls

Seat height adjustment not required

b) according to ISO 11112:1995:

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100 mm (or 150 mm recommended) seat length adjustment or sufficient adjustability of frequently used controls
Seat height adjustment not required (or 75 mm recommended)
Seat cushion dimensions LxW 215 mmx 430 mm (265 mm x 500 mm recommended)
Armrests: Minimum length: 90 mm (140 mm recommended); Minimum distance between armrests: 450 mm; one armrest can be folded away for
cabin exit
c) according to DIN EN ISO 6682:2009:

Seat back inclination: Recommended: 10°

Pedals: if the function is the same as in a motor vehicle, then a similar arrangement to avoid the risk of confusion
Distances between pedals: according to DIN EN 894-4:2010: two feet: minimum dimension 50 mm, recommended dimension: 100 mm
Control ranges for foot and hand controls according to DIN EN ISO 6682:1995:

Distinction in

a) Comfort zone (1st order controls)

b) Range (2nd order control elements)

Areas related to SIP of the large machine operator in the rearmost seating position:

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Image source: according to DIN EN ISO 6682:2009-06 Earth-moving machinery - Controls - Comfort zones and reach zones. Beuth-Verlag

List of sources:

H. Zieschang; H. Müller-Gethmann; M. Schmauder; D. Reinert; W. Schmidt: Requirements for multifunctional control elements. Civil engineering issue 3 - 114.
Volume 3/2002

DIN EN ISO 6682:2009-06 Earth-moving machinery - Controls - Comfort zones and reach zones. German version EN ISO 6682:2008, Beuth-Verlag

DIN 33408, Supplement 1:1987-01: Body outline templates for seats; Application examples, Beuth-Verlag

DIN EN ISO 5353-1999-03: Earth-moving machinery and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Seat index point (ISO 5353:1995); German version
EN ISO 5353:1998, Beuth-Verlag

DIN EN ISO 3411:2007-11:Earth-moving machinery - Body dimensions of machine operators and minimum clearance (ISO 3411:2007); German version EN ISO
3411:2007, Beuth-Verlag

Zieschang, H.; Müller-Gethmann, M.: Ergonomic requirements for multifunctional control elements in earth-moving machines. BGAG Report 2/2004. Ed.: HVBG
- BGAG Sankt Augustin

DIN EN 474-1:2010-02: Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements, Beuth-Verlag

ISO 11112:1995-12: Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirements

DIN EN 894-4:2010-11: Safety of machinery - Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control devices - Part 4: Location and arrangement of
displays and control devices, Beuth-Verlag

DIN EN ISO 15537:2005-03: Principles for the selection and use of examiners for the assessment of anthropometric aspects of industrial products and their design.
Beuth Verlag

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