modul inventor UNUD

ABHUBG ANDUGE ( LHTVNDUCTLNH )
TVBLHLHK
AECMBHLCBG
AECMBHLCBG EHKLHEEVLHK DVB[LHK BHD
BH D DESLKH DEHKBH
DEHKBH
AEHKKUHBOBH SNIT[BVE BUTNDESO LHYEHTNV YEVSL 6:24 DBH 6:25
NGEM 0
Dr. [bybh Hbtb Septlbdl, S.T., A.T.

L Zutu Bkus Sbsobrb \nkb, S.T., A.T.
ZVNKVBA STUDL TEOHLO AESLH

IBOUGTBS TEOHLO
UHLYEVSLTBS UDB\BHB
6:25
ANDUGE ZEGBTLMBH BUTNDESO LHYEHTNV – TEOHLO AESLH UHUD 6:6:

OBTB ZEHKBHTBV
Sekbgb pu`b dbh pu`l syuour

syuour sbyb pbh`btobh oepbdb Tumbh
Tumbh \bhk Abmb Esb. Tbhpb
Tbhpb obruhlb-
Hyb, austbmlggbm andug pegbtlmbh lhl tersegesblobh. Andug pegbtlmbh lhl dlfubt sefbkbl pehduouhk
dbh pekbhkbh pbdb oeklbtbh ‗Zegbtlmbh Aecmbhlcbg Ehklheerlhk Drbwlhk bhd Deslkh
aehkkuhbobh snitwbre Butndeso Lhvehtnr versl 6:25‑ dl Teohlo Aeslh, Ibougtbs Teohlo
Uhlversltbs Udbybhb - Fbgl.
Andug lhl sefehbrhyb mbhyb rlhkobsbh dbrl feferbpb fuou ybhk dlkbfuhkobh. Tlkb fuou
ybhk pbglhk dnalhbh ybltu fuou Butndeso Lhvehtnr Zrnieslnhbg 6::< obryb Brlei Sbtlnhn dbh
Slsalhtn, fuou Zeandegbh CBD 3D Aehkkuhbobh Butndeso Lhvehtnr obryb Ilrabh Tubolb, ST,
Trblher Butndeso
Butndeso Lhvehtnr 6:24 obryb \nh
\nh I. Mudb, AT. sertb sefbkbl bcubh tenrl kbafbr sbyb
aehkkuhbobh fuou Aehkkbafbr Aeslh Aehurut Stbhdbr LSN ybhk dl susuh ngem Zrni. K.
Tbomesl Sbtn dbh H. Suklbrtn Mbrtbhtn. Feferbpb fuo

fuou
u tersefut dlrlhkobs dbh d
dlkbfuhkobh
lkbfuhkobh dehkbh
pehyesublbh sesubl oefutumbh pegbtlmbh. Dbgba andug lhl terdbpbt abterl dbh cnhtnm bpglobsl
gbhksuhk pbdb prnses aehkkbafbr semlhkkb audbm dlaehkertl. Setlbp fbf dbh cnhtnm bpglobsl
dlsusuh secbrb urut feroeslhbafuhkbh augbl dbrl aehkkbafbr 6D Andeglhk 3D mlhkkb kbafbr
oer`b 6D aehurut stbhdbrd LSN aehkkuhbobh Butndeso Lhvehtnr 6:25.
Bomlrhyb sbyb fermbrbp andug pegbtlmbh lhl flsb ferabhibbt fbkl segurum fbpbo/lfu dnseh
sertb reobh-reobh dl Ibougtbs Teohlo omusushyb Teohlo Aeslh. Anmnh abbi flgb bdb fbhybo
oeourbhkbh pbdb andug pegbtlmbh lhl. Uhtuo sbrbh btbu lhklh feronauhlobsl flsb eablg dl
sbsobrb^ynkb62Jyablg.cna
Dehpbsbr, 6= Deseafer 6:25
l
DBITBV LSL
Mbgbabh
OBTB ZEHKBHTBV .....................

...........................................
............................................
............................................
......................................
................ l
DBITBV LSL ...................

.........................................
............................................
............................................
.............................................
.................................
.......... ll
FBF 2 ZEHKEHBGBH
ZEHKEHBGBH BUTNDESO LHYEHTN V.......................................................
LHY EHTNV 2
2.2. Aeafuo
Aeafuobb Butndeso
Butndeso Lhvehtnr........................
Lhvehtnr...... ...................................
..................................
..................................
................... 6
2.6. Aehkehbg
Aehkehbg Aehu dbh Tnngfbr
Tnngfbr Butndeso Lhvehtnr.....
Lhveht nr...........
............
............
............
............
.............
..........
... 5
2.3. Slstea
Slstea Hbvlkb
Hbvlkbsl
sl ................
....... .................
................
................
.................
.................
................
................
.................
.................
..............
...... 9
2.4. Aehkkuh
Aehkkuhbobh
bobh Tnafng
Tnafng Smnrtcut
Smnrtcut ................
........ ...............
...............
................
.................
.................
................
...............
....... =
FBF 6 SOETCM ................................................................................................................ 2:
6.2. 6D Soetcm .............................................

...................................................................
.............................................
......................................
............... 22
6.6. 3D Soetcm .............................................

...................................................................
.............................................
......................................
............... 29
FBF 3 ZBVT ...................................................................................................................... 2;
3.2. Gb
Gbtlm
tlmbh
bh Abge bhd Ieabge
Ieabge ................
....... .................
................
.................
.................
................
................
................
................
........ 6:
FBF 4 BSSEAFG\ ........................................................................................................... 6;
4.2. Gb
Gbtlm
tlmbh
bh Bsse
Bsseafg
afgy
y Abge
Abge & Ieabge
Ieabge ................
........ ...............
................
.................
................
................
.................
...........
.. 3:
4.6. Gb
Gbtlm
tlmbh
bh Aehbafbm
Aehbafbmobh
obh Zbrt Stbhdbrd ...............
........ ...............
................
.................
.................
................
..............
...... 36
FBF 5 KBAFBV OEV@B ............................................................................................... 35
5.2. Gb
Gbtlm
tlmbh
bh Aeafubt
Aeafubt Kbafbr
Kbafbr Oer`b 2 ................
........ ...............
...............
................
................
.................
.................
..........
.. 43
5.6. Gb
Gbtlm
tlmbh
bh Aeafubt
Aeafubt Kbafbr
Kbafbr Oer`b 6 ................
........ ...............
...............
................
................
.................
.................
..........
.. 3=
DBITBV VEIEVEHSL .................................................................................................... 45
ll
FBF 2
ZEHKEHBGBH BUTNDESO LHYEHTNV
Butndeso Lhvehtnr aerupbobh prnkrba ybhk dlrbhcbhk omusus uhtuo

oepergubh fldbhk teohlo sepertl desblh prnduo, desblh aeslh, desblh angd,
desblh onhstruosl, btbu oepergubh teohlo gblhhyb. Zrnkrba lhl aerupbobh
rbhkoblbh prnkrba pehyeapurhbbh dbrl Butndeso Butncbd dbh Butndeso
Aecmbhlcbg Desotnp. Geflm gbhùt, prnkrba lhl sbhkbt cncno fbkl pehkkuhb
Butndeso Butncbd ybhk lhklh aehlhkobtobh oeabapubhhyb obrehb aealglol
onhsep mbaplr sbab dbgba aehkkbafbr 3D. Butndeso Lhvehtnr bdbgbm
prnkrba peandegbh sngld ferfbsls iltur pbrbaetrlo, brtlhyb seaub nfèo dbh
mufuhkbh bhtbrkenaetrl dbpbt dlandlilobsl oeafbgl aesol kenaetrlhyb sudbm

`bdl tbhpb pergu aehkugbhk gbkl dbrl bwbg. Mbg lhl sbhkbt aeaudbmobh oltb
oetlob sedbhk dbgba prnses desblh subtu prnduo btbu rbhcbhkbh. Uhtuo
aeafubt subtu andeg 3D ybhk sngld btbupuh suribce, oltb mbrus aeafubt
soetcm-hyb tergeflm dbmugu btbu aehklapnr kbafbr 6D dbrl Butndeso Butncbd.
Setegbm kbafbr btbu andeg 3D tersefut `bdl, oltb dbpbt aeafubt kbafbr
oer`bhyb aehkkuhbobh ibslgltbs drbwlhk. Tldbo mbhyb sbapbl pbdb
aehbaplgobh kbafbr oer`b, Butndeso Lhvehtnr ùkb abapu aeaferlobh
slaugbsl perkerbobh dbrl prnduo ybhk oltb desblh sertb aeapuhybl bgbt uhtuo
aehkbhbglsls oeoubtbh. Bgbt lhl cuoup audbm dlkuhbobh dbh dbpbt aeafbhtu
oltb uhtuo aehkurbhkl oesbgbmbh dbgba aeafubt desblh. Dehkbh dealolbh,
segblh flbyb ybhk mbrus oltb oegubrobh bobh ferourbhk, tlae tn abroet dbrl
fehdb ybhk oltb des
desblh
blh puh dbpbt dlpercepbt obrehb oltb sudbm aehslaugbslobh
tergeflm dbmugu fehdb ybhk oltb desblh dl onaputer sefegua absuo oe prnses
prnduosl.
2
2.2. Aeafuob Butndeso Lhvehtnr Zrniesslnhbg 6:25
Uhtuo aeaugbl Butndeso Lhvehtnr

Lhvehtnr Zrniesslnhbg 6:25 loutlgbm gbhkobm ferlout lhl0
2. Oglo Stbrt pbdb aehu [lhdnws
6. Zlglm Bgg Zrnkrba
3. Oglo Butndeso gbgu plglm Butndeso Lhvehtnr Zrniesslnhbg 6:25 dbh bobh
tbaplg sepertl ferlout0
Tuhkku mlhkkb auhcug desotnp bwbg dbrl BUTNDESO ® LHYEHTNV®

ZVNIESSLNHBG 6:25.
6
4. Oeaudlbh oglo lcnh Hew , oeaudlbh bobh auhcug ontbo dlbgnk
sepertl ferlout.
5. Zbdb ingder Teapgbtes dl Tbf olrl plglm  suf ingder Aetrlc gbgu oglo lcnh
 Stbhdbr
Stbhdbrd d (aa).lp
(aa).lptt
3
g
Zbdb tbmbp lhl oltb bobh aealglm sbgbm sbtu teapgbte. Ferlout bdbgbm pehègbsbh pbdb
abslhk-abslhk teapgbte ybhk bdb pbdb Butndeso Lhvehtnr Zrniesslnhbg 6:25, ybltu0
 Smeet Aetbg.lpt
Aeafubt fldbhk oer`b fbru uhtuo pbrt btbu onapnheh ferèhls aetbg
sepertl fehdb-fehdb ybhk terfubt dbrl pgbt fesl ybhk dlteouo-teouo.
 Stbhdbrd.dwk
Aeafubt fldbhk oer`b fbru uhtuo kbafbr oer`b btbu 6D (Butncbd Yerslnh).
 Stbhdbrd.lba
Aeafubt fldbhk oer`b fbru uhtuo kbafbr bsseafgy ybhk terdlrl btbs
feferbpb pbrt btbu onapn
onapnheh.
heh.
 Stbhdbrd.ldw
Aeafubt fldbhk oer`b fbru uhtuo kbafbr oer`b btbu 6D.
 Stbhdbrd.lph
Aeafubt fldbhk oer`b fbru uhtuo bhlabsl urutbh perboltbh dbrl kbafbr
bsseafgy ybhk tegbm dlrbolt. Oltb dbpbt aeabhibbtobhhyb uhtuo aeafubt
kbafbr Expgnde Ylew.
 Stbhdbrd.lpt
Aeafubt fldbhk oer`b fbru uhtuo pbrt btbu onapnheh secbrb uaua tbhpb
speslilobsl omusus sepertl dbgba peafubtbh pbrt pbdb Smeet Aetbg.
 [egdaeht.lba
Aeafubt fldbhk
fldbhk oer`b fbru uhtuo bsseafgy ybhk aealglol
aealglol tnng uhtuo
teohlo pehkegbsbh.
 Angd Deslkh.lba
Aeafubt fldbhk oer`b fbru uhtuo bsseafgy 3D dbgba cetbobh dehkbh
prnses suhtlobh ( lhèctlnh ) dbgba

dbgba sbtu btbu geflm
geflm fbmbh pgbstlc.
4
9. Oltb bobh aeaugbl dehkbh aealglm sbgbm sbtu teapgbte. Obrehb oltb
terflbsb dehkbh sbtubh aetrlc
aetrlc abob
abob oglo pbdb aetrlc dbh plglmgbm
Stbhdbrd(aa).lpt,
Stbhdbrd(a a).lpt, gbgu bobh terfuob fldbhk oer`b fbru uhtuo
aeaugbl aehkkbafbr pbrt (onapnheh).
2.6. Aehkehbg Aehu dbh Tnngfbr Butndeso Lhvehtnr Z

Zrniesslnhbg
rniesslnhbg 6:25
Sepertl mbghyb prnkrba

prnkrba gblh, Butndeso Lhvehtnr
Lhvehtnr Zrniesslnhbg 6:25 aealglol pugb
fldbhk
fldbhk oer`b, ybltu Aehu
Aehu Fbr, Lhvehtnr
Lhvehtnr Stbhdbrd
Stbhdbrd Tnngfbr, Zbheg Fbr,
Fbr, dbh Frnwser
Frnwser
Fbr ( Mlstnrles
Mlstnrles ).
Aehu Fbr
Zbheg Fbr
Lhvehtnr Stbhdbrd
Frnwser Fbr ( Mlstnrles )
Tnngfbr Ylew Hbvlkbtlnh
[nro Suribce / Ibce
5
 Fldbhk Oer`b ( [nro Suribce/Ibce ) bdbgbm teapbt aehkkbafbr / fldbhk kbafbr.
 Aehu Fbr ferlsl seaub perlhtbm ybhk terdbpbt dl Butndeso Lhvehtnr Zrniesslnhbg
6:25
 Lhvehtnr Stbhdbrd Tnngfbr Ylew Hbvlkbtlnh ferlsl perlhtbm sudut pbhdbhk 6D
abupuh 3D ybhk dlkuhbobh segbab prnses aehkkbafbr.
 Zbheg Fbr ferlsl tnngs / perlhtbm omusus uhtuo aehuh`bhk

aehuh`bhk prnses drbwlhk ybhk sedbhk
ferbhksuhk.. Alsbghyb, oltb aeafubt
ferbhksuhk aeafubt kbafbr dehkbh teapgbte ‗Smeet Aetbg.lpt‑ abob
pbdb Zbheg Fbr secbrb ntnabtls
ntnabtls bobh auhcug
auhcug perlhtbm omusus uhtuo Smeet Aetbg.
 Frnwser Fbr ferlsl gbhkobm-gbhkobm oer`b ([nro Mlstnrles). Alsbghyb, oltb aeafubt
nfèo dehkbh Extrude dbh Vevngve, seaub bobh tercbtbt dl Frnwser Fbr uhtuo
aeaudbmobh oltb aegbouobh edlt ugbhk (re-deslkh).
2.3. Slstea Hbvlkbsl
Zbdb Butndeso Lhvehtnr Zrniesslnhbg 6:25 terdbpbt tnng-tnng hbvlkbsl ybhk aeafbhtu
anflgltbs sbbt aehkkbafbr dl dbgba fldbhk oer`b. Oltb dbpbt aeheaul tnngs tersefut
sepertl znna, rntbte, pbh, dbh gblhhyb pbdb Lhvehtnr Stbhdbrd Tnngfbr Ylew Hbvlkbtlnh.
 Pnna
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeaperfesbr kbafbr pbdb tbaplgbh fldbhk oer`b. Oglo znna gbgu
oglo pbdb fldbhk oer`b dbh keser oursnr oe btbs btbs oe fbwbm. Oeaudlbh, oglogbm
uhtuo aehdbpbtobh tbaplgbh ybhk dllhklhobh. Oltb dbpbt aehkkuhbobh znna oetlob
tnngs gblh sedbhk botli.
 Zbh
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aehkkeser tbaplgbh fldbhk oer`b. Oglogbm pbh gbgu oglo pbdb fldbhk
oer`b. Segbhùthyb, kesergbm oursnr pbdb teapbt ybhk dlhklhobh.
 Ylew Ibce
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeaperfesbr
aeaperfesbr tbaplgbh dehkbh reierehsl ibce. Ibce mbhyb fergbou
uhtuo perauobbh dbtbr. Oglogbm vlew ibce, gbgu oglo pbdb ibce ybhk oltb plglm abob
bobh dlperfesbr.
9
ANDUGE ZEGBTLMBH BUTNDESO LHYEHTNV – TEOHLO AESLH UHUD 6:25
 Iree Nrflt
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeautbr nfèo pbdb fldbhk oer`b. Oglogbm iree nrflt, gbgu oglo pbdb
fldbhk
fldbhk oer`b. Segbhùthyb,
Segbhùthyb, putbr nfèo
nfèo sbapbl aeaperngem tbaplgbh ybhk
ybhk dllhklhobh.
dllhklhobh.
 Ylew Cufe
Iuhklshyb uhtuo aeautbr nfèo ferdbsbrobh brbm ybhk tegbm dltehtuobh sepertl inrht,
tnp, geit dbh gblh-gblh. Oglogbm vlew cufe uhtuo aehbaplgobh slstea hbvlkbsl pbdb
sudut obhbh btbs. Uhtuo aealglm brbm, cuoup oglo sbgbm sbtu sls vlew cufe.
Ylew Cufe
 Iugg Hbvlkbtlnh [meeg

Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aegbouobh onaflhbsl perlhtbm hbvlkbsl sepertl znna, nrflt, pbh, dbh
gblh-gblh.
gblh-gblh. Oglogbm iugg hbvlkbtlnh wmeeg semlhkkb bobh oegubr aehu dbh plglmgbh sbgbm
sbtu perlhtbm ybhk bobh dlpbobl.
Iugg Hbvlkbtlnh
Hbvlkbtlnh [m
[meeg
eeg
;
2.4. Aehkkuhbobh Tnafng Smnrtcut
Ferlout lhl bdbgbm dbitbr feferbpb tnafng smnrtcut fesertb perlhtbm ybhk serlhk
dlkuhbobh. Bpbflgb oltb tegbm terflbsb aehkkuhbobhhyb abob bobh sbhkbt aehkmeabt
wbotu.
Tnafng Mbslg
Aehbaplgobh fbhtubh (megp) sesubl dehkbh perlhtbm btbu
btb u dlbgnk fnx
I2
ybhk sedbhk botli.
Aegbouobh pbh (aehkkeser-keser tbaplgbh andeg) dehkbh fbhtubh oglo-
I6 keser dbrl olrl anuse. Flsb ùkb dehkbh gbhksuhk
gbhksuhk oglo-keser dbrl tehkbm
anuse tbhpb mbrus aeheobh I6.
Aegbouobh znna-lh btbu znna-nut
z nna-nut pbdb tbaplgbh andeg dehkbh
I3 fbhtubh oglo-keser dbrl olrl anuse. Flsb
Flsb ùkb dehkbh gbhksuhk
gbhksuhk aehk-
scrngg anuse tbhpb mbrus aeheobh I3.

Aegbouobh rntbte pbdb tbaplgbh andeg dehkbh fbhtubh oglo-keser dbrl
I4
olrl anuse.
I5 Oeafbgl oe tbaplgbh andeg sefeguahyb.
I9 Oeafbgl oe tbaplgbh lsnaetrlo.
Q Aeafubt Zgbhe fbru.
F Aehbafbm fbggnnh pbdb drbwlhk.
Ctrg+Smlit Aehbafbm cnhstrblht pbdb bsseafgy btbu flsb ùkb perlhtbm aeafubt
+C sefubm glhkobrbh oetlob andeg soetcm sedbhk botli.
D Aehbafbmobh dlaehsl pbdb soetcm btbu pbdb drbwlhk.

drbwlhk.
DN Aehbafbmobh curve niiset alh-abx pbdb drbwlhk.
E Aegbouobh extrude pbdb prnilg (mbslg soetcmlhk).
IC Aehbafbmobh iebture cnhtrng irbae pbdb drbwlhk.
M Aehbafbmobh
Aehbafbmob h iltur gufbhk.
G Aeafubt kbrls (glhe) btbu gehkouhkbh
gehkouhkbh (brc).
Aeheapbtobh (pgbces) sefubm onapnheh (flsb pbrt btbu bsseafgy)
bsseafgy) pbdb
Z
subtu bsseafgy.
bsseafgy.
V Aeafubt iltur revngver.
S Aeafubt 6D soetcm pbdb sefubm perauobbh dbtbr btb fldbhk (pgbhe).
=
T Aegbouobh twebo sefubm pbrt dbgba ilge persehtbsl.
] Aegbouobh trla sbbt ande soetcm sedbhk botli.
Esc Aeafbtbgobh
Aeafbtbg obh / aehkmehtlobh subtu perlhtbm.
Deg Aehkmbpus (degete)
(deget e) nfèo ybhk dlplglm.
Zbdb tnng kbrls (glhe) ybhk sedbhk botli, aehkmlgbhkobh sekaeh
Fbcospbce
terbomlr.
Bgt + drbk Zbdb bsseafgy, aegbouobh abte cnhstrblht.
c nhstrblht. Zbdb soetcm, aealhdbmobh
anuse tltlo peafehtuo spglhe.
Smlit + Ntnabtls ae-rntbte
ae-rnt bte tbaplgbh
tbaplgb h andeg. Smlit + oglo sbbt
rntbte tnng ande rntbte
rntb te sedbhk botli. Oglo gbkl uhtuo aehkmehtlobhhyb.
Ctrg +
Oeafbgl (returh) oe oebdbbh edlt sefeguahyb.
Ehter
Ctrg + \ Aegbouobh redn (aehbrlo oeafbgl uhdn terbomlr).
Ctrg + P Aegbouobh uhdn (aehbrlo
(aehbrlo oeafbgl bosl terbomlr).
Oetlob 3D rntbte botli, aehkbotliobh swltcm

swltcm (perkbhtlbh) bhtbrb dyhbalc
Spbcefbr rntbtlnh dbh pbhdbhkbh lsnaetrlo stbhdbr sertb pbhdbhkbh tekbo gurus
fldbhk.
<
FBF 6
SOETCM
Soetcm aealglol perbhbh pehtlhk obrehb aerupbobh clobg fbobg dbgba aeafubt
aeafubt
kbafbr 3D Andeg btbu Zbrt (Onapnheh). Soetcm mbhyb terdlrl dbrl kbafbr kenaetrl. Soetcm
dlfubtt sesedermbhb
dlfub sesedermbhb auhkolh obrehb bobh aeaperaudbm prnses desblh. Uhtuo ilhlsmlhk
detblg, kuhbobh sepertl Ilgget, Cmbaiers, & Ibce Drbit pbdb 3D andeg btbu pbrt. Uhtuo
aeafubt kbafbr sngld, pbstlobh soetcm dbgba oebdbbh tertutup btbu tersbafuhk dehkbh
aehkkuhbobh
aehkkuhbobh Cnlhcldeht Cnhstrblht, Trla dbh Extehd Curve. Setegbm Soetcm seges
segesbl,
bl, tergeflm
dbmugu
dbmugu gbouobh
gb ouobh Cnhstrblht sefegua dlaehslnh. Bpbflgb gbhkobm aeafuob Butndeso Lhvehtnr
Zrniesslnhbg 6:25 pbdb FBF 2 tegbm segesbl dlgbouobh abob oltb flsb gbhksuhk aegbouobh
Soetcm ybhk oltb lhklhobh sesubl tbaplgbh ferlout lhl.
Segbhùthyb pbdb fldbhk oer`b oltb flsb gbhksuhk aeafubt Soetcm sepertl Glhe, Clrcge, Brc,
dbh gblh-gblh. Uhtuo bwbg Soetcm, oltb dbpbt aealglm fldbhk Zgbhe sesubl pbhdbhkbh ybhk
dltetuobh pbdb `nf smeet btbu `nf andeglhk. Uhtuo pbdbhkbh depbh ( Irnht Slde Ylew ) oltb
aehkkuhbobh ]\ Zgbhe, uhtuo pbhdbhkbh btbs ( Tnp Slde Ylew ) oltb aehkkuhbobh ]P
Zgbhe dbh uhtuo pbhdbhkbh sbaplhk obhbh ( Vlkmt Slde Ylew ) oltb aehkkuhbobh \P Zgbhe.
2:
Oltb ùkb dbpbt aeafubt soetcm dl [nro Zgbhe dbh Zgbhbr Ibce (perauobbh dbtbr). Setegbm
segesbl Soetcm oglogbm tnafng
t nafng Ilhlsm Soetcm.
Soetcm dl Butndeso
Butndeso Lhvehtnr Zrniesslnhbg
Zrniesslnhbg 6:25 dlfbkl
dlfbkl aeh`dl 6 èhls,
èhls, ybltu 6D soetcm dbh
3D soetcm.
6.2. 6D Soetcm
6D Soetcm pbdb Butndeso Lhvehtnr 6:26 mbaplr alrlp sbbt oltb aehkkbafbr 6D pbdb
Butndeso Butncbd. Ngem obrehb ltu, sesenrbhk
sese nrbhk ybhk tegbm aehkubsbl Butndeso Butncbd tldbo
bobh oesugltbh dbgba aeapegb`brlhyb.
aeapegb`brlhyb. Ferlout bgbt-bgbt perlhtbm Drbw pbdb Soetcm 6D.
 Glhe dbh Spglhe

Glhe feriuhksl aeafubt kbrls gurus, sedbhkobh Spglhe uhtuo aeafubt kbrls ourvb
dehkbh tltlo pnlht tertehtu. Bdb 6 èhls tltlo pnlht uhtuo aeafubt Spglhe ybltu tltlo pnlht
cnhtrng vertex dbh tltlo pnlht lhterpngbtlnh. Segblh Spglhe terdbpbt ùkb Frldke Curve
dbh Equbtlnh Curve .
 Clrcge
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt glhkobrbh. Dl slhl terdbpbt 3 cbrb dbgba aeafubt glhkobrbh,
ybltu Cehter Znlht Clrcge, Tbhkeht Clrcge, dbh Egglpse.
 Brc
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt kbrls fusur. Dl slhl terdbpbt tlkb cbrb dbgba aeafubt Brc,
ybltu0 Tmree Znlht Brc, Tbhkeht Brc, dbh Cehter Znlht Brc.
22
 Vectbhkge
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt ontbo persekl pbh`bhk btbu fuùr sbhkobr Dl slhl terdbpbt 6
cbrb dbgba aeafubt Vectbhkge, ybltu0 Twn Znlht Vectbhkge dbh Tmree Znlht rectbhkge.
 Ilgget dbh Cmbaier

Ilgget feriuhksl uhtuo aeafubt perteaubh bhtbrb 6 kbrls (glhe) btbu fusur (brc) aeh`bdl
ceafuhk btbu ceouhk. Oeaudlbh, Cmbaier feriuhksl uhtuo aeafubt perteaubh bhtbrb
6 kbrls aeh`bdl
aeh`bdl alrlhk dehkbh speslilobsl tertehtu.
 Znlht
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt tltlo gufbhk dbh uhtuo seoedbr aeafubt Znlht reierehsl pbdb
Soetcm.
Zngyknh
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt fbhkuh sekl H ferbturbh.
 Text
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt Soetcm ferupb tuglsbh ( Bhkob,murui dbh syafng ).
 Zrnèct Kenaetry
Zrnèct Kenaetry dbpbt pugb dlsefut nfèo fbhtubh btbu sefbkbl reierehsl dbgba
aeafubt soetcm. Veierehsl flsb ferupb Edkes btbu Ibce. Segblh bgbt-bgbt Drbw terdbpbt
pugb bgbt uhtuo aeafubt
aeafubt Zbterh tertehtu dbh aeandlilobsl
aeandlilobsl Drbw sefbkbl ferlout.
ferlout.
Segblh bgbt-bgbt Drbw terdbpbt pugb bgbt uhtuo aeafubt Zbtterh ( Lhstructlnh Cnpy )
tertehtu dbh aeandlilobsl kbafbr ( Andliy Drbw ) sefbkbl ferlout.
26
 Alrrnr
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt dupglobt nfèo dehkbh reierehsl kbrls ceralh. Mbslg nfèo
Alrrnr slaetrls termbdbp nfèo bsglhyb.
 Vectbhkugbr Zbterh
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt dupglobt nfèo dehkbh pngb gurus. Dehkbh Vectbhkugbr
Zbterh oltb bobh geflm aehkmeabt
aehkmeabt wbotu tbhpb aeafu
aeafubt
bt nfèo sbtu persbtu.
 Clrcugbr Zbterh
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt dupglobt nfèo dehkbh pngb aeglhkobr. Clrcugbr Zbterh
flbsbhyb dlkuhbobh
dlkuhbobh uhtuo aeafubt
aeafubt gufbhk
gufbhk fbut.
 Niiset
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt dupglobt nfèo dehkbh mbslg geflm fesbr btbu geflm oeclg dbrl
nfèo bsgl dehkbh `brbo sbab pbdb seaub slsl.
 Extehd
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aehutup dbh aehybafuhk Glhe, Brc, Spglhe, pbdb soetcm ybhk
terfuob.
 Trla
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeantnhk Glhe, Brc, dbh Spglhe pbdb nfèo ybhk sbglhk ferpntnhkbh.
 Spglt
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafbkl Glhe, Brc, dbh Spglhe aeh`bdl 6 fbklbh dehkbh fbhtubh
nfèo pntnhk.
 Anve
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aealhdbmobh nfèo oe pnslsl ybhk dllhklhobh.
23
 Cnpy
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aehdupglobt nfèo.
 Scbge
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt sobgb nfèo geflm fesbr btbu geflm oeclg.
 Vntbte
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeautbr nfèo oe pnslsl ybhk dllhklhobh.
 Stretcm
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aehbrlo fehtuo nfèo oe pnslsl ybhk dllhklhobh.
Uhtuo aehdbpbtobh mbslg soetcm ybhk vbgld abob pergu dlgbouobh pehkeceobh
aehkkuhbobh
aehkkuhbobh Dlaehslnh dbh Cnstrblht.
 Zerpehdlcugbr
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt 6 kbrls aeh`bdl sbglhk tekbo gurus.
 Zbrbgeg
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt
aeafubt 6 kbrls aeh`bdl se`b`br.
 Tbhkeht
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt kbrls dbh kbrls fusur (Brc) aeh`bdl ferslhkkuhkbh.
 Cnlhcldeht
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt 6 pnlht ferslhkkuhkbh.
24
 Cnhcehtrlc
aeafubt 6 glhkobrbh btbu Brc aeh`bdl 2 tltlo pusbt.
 Cngglhebr
aeafubt 6 kbrls aeh`bdl sbglhk fermlaplt.
 Equbg
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aehybabobh uourbh nfèo.
 Mnrlznhtbg
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt kbrls aeh`bdl mnrlznhtbg btbu se`b`br dehkbh suafu ].
 Yertlcbg
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt kbrls aeh`bdl vertlobg btbu se`b`br dehkbh suafu \.
 Ilx
aeafubt nfèo dbgba Soetcm bob
bobhh ter-cnhstrblht secbrb ntnabtls
termbdbp Cnnrdlhbte Systea.
 Smnw Cnhstrblht
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aehbaplgobh Cnhstrblht pbdb kenaetrl ybhk oltb plglm.
 Keherbg Dlaehslnh
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt uourbh pbdb Soetcm. Uourbh bobh aehkehdbglobh dbh
aeaperaudbm dbgba aehkufbm fehtuo Soetcm.
 Butn Dlaehslnh
aeafubt kbrls uour secbrb ntnabtls.
ntnabtls.
25
6.6. 3D Soetcm
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafbt soetcm pbdb 3 suafu (],\,P), sedbhkobh 6D soetcm mbhyb
pbdb 6 suafu (],\). Dehkbh 3D soetcm oltb dbpbt aeafbt soetcm ybhk tldbo mbhyb 6 suafu,
alsbghyb `bgur plpb ybhk feroegno-oegno, aeafubt desblh sudu turflh, dgg. Zbdb Butndeso
Lhvehtnr Zrniesslnhbg 6:26, 6D soetcm aerupbobh Deibugt Soetcm. Uhtuo aehkbotliobh 3D
soetcm oltb mbrus Ilhlsm Soetcm pbdb 6D soetcm gbgu oglogbm 3D Soetcm. Feferbpb bgbt pbdb
3D soetcm ybltu 0
 Glhe dbh Spglhe

Glhe dlkuhbobh uhtuo aeafubt kbrls gurus. Spglhe dlkuhbobh uhtuo aeafubt kbrls
ourvb dehkh tltlo Znlht tertehtu.
 Fehd
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt perteaubh bhtbrb 6 kbrls (glhe) aeh`bdl ceafuhk btbu
ceouhk.
 3D Lhtersectlnh Curve
Ihkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt ourvb 3D dehkbh mbslg perpntnhkbh 6 Ibce, Suribce, dbh 6D
Soetcm.
 Zrnèct Curve tn Suribce

Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt ourvb 3D dehkbh perpbdubh 6D Curve Soetcm dbh Suribce.
 Meglcbg Curve
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt ourvb splrbg.
29
FBF 3
ZBVT
Setegbm aeabmbal Soetcm ybhk aerupbobh dbsbr peafubtbh Zbrt ( Onapnheh ), oltb
bobh aehkugbs Zbrt ltu sehdlrl. Bpb ltu Zbrt ( Onapnheh ) > Zbdb Butndeso Lhvehtnr
Zrniesslnhbg 6:25 kbafbr Zbrt ( Zbrt Iebture ) dlfedbobh aeh`bdl 6 abcba, ybltu0
2. Sngld Zbrt Iebture, ybltu nfèo ybhk pbdbt
6. Suribce Zbrt Iebture, ybltu nfèo ybhk tldbo pbdbt, mbhyb ferupb ouglt.
Tldbo seaub prnses dbgba aeafubt Zbrt dbpbt aehkkuhbobh fehtuo Sngld. Feferbpb obsus Zbrt
ybhk rualt bobh aeafutumobh fbhtubh fehtuo Suribce.
Oltb bobh gbhksuhk augbl aeafubt Zbrt btbu nfèo 3D. Zbrt abslm aerupbobh
oegbhùtbh Soetcm. Ngem obrehb ltu, setegbm segesbl
s egesbl aeafubt
aeafubt Soetcm, oltb bobh ntnabtls
ferplhdbm oe sesl Zbrt. Seaub Tnngfbr sepertl Zbheg Fbr bobh ferufbm aeh`bdl Tnngfbr
Tnngfbr uhtuo
aeafubt
aeafubt Zbrt. Feferbpb bgbt uhtuo aeafubt Zbrt bdbgbm sefbkbl ferlout.
 Extrude
Dehkbh Extrude dbrl sefubm prnilg, oltb aeaferlobh tlhkkl, tefbg btbu oedbgbabh dbrl
sefubm prnilg dehkbh uourbh tertehtu. Uhtuo aeaferlobh
aeaferlobh iltur
iltur Extrude oltb mbrus
aehehtuobh Zrnilg, Nutput, dbh Nperbtlnh
Nperbtlnh.. Segblh ltu, ybhk pehtlhk ùkb pbdb iltur lhl
bdbgbm Dlstbhce, Tn Hext, Tn, Irna-Tn, dbh Bgg. Bobh tetbpl, pbdb tlhkobt dbsbr iltur
pbdb extrude ybhk pbglhk serlhk dlkuhbobh ybltu iltur Dlstbhce dbh iltur Bgg. Extrude
dbpbt dlfehtuo dehkbh Soetcm tertutup abupuh terfuob dbh dbpbt pugb dlfubt
aeantnhk pbrt gblh pbdb Bsseafgy ( Kbfuhkbh ).
2;
 Vevngve
Vevngve (putbrbh) dlkuhbobh uhtuo aeafubt fehtuo-fehtuo slglhdrls dehkbh cbrb
aeautbr subtu fehtuo prnilg termbdbp suafu ybhk dltehtuobh. Uhtuo aeafehtuo pbrt
dehkbh iltur lhl pergu dltehtuobh dbmugu Zrnilge
Zrnilge,, Bxls
Bxls,, Nutput dbh Nperbtlnh
Nperbtlnh.. Bxls btbu
suafu dbpbt ferupb kbrls pbdb prnilg, kbrls fbhtu, btbu kbrls suafu Nrlklh
Nrlklh.. Bdbpuh
ybhk pergu dlpermbtlobh bdbgbm suafu dbh prnilg mbrus terdbpbt dbgba sbtu fldbhk ybhk
sbab. Sudut perputbrbh uhtuo iltur Vevngve aehyesublobh dehkbh aetnde
aet nde eostehslhyb.
 Mnge
Zbdb dbsbrhyb, iltur Mnge dldbpbt dbrl Soetcm Zbheg Fbr ybhk ferupb Znlht Mnge Cehter.
Iltur lhl dlkuhbobh uhtuo aeafubt iltur gufbhk ybhk pbrbaetrlo ferfehtuo gufbhk fnr,
cnuhterfnre,, cnuhterslho btbu gufbhk uglr. Sefubm iltur Mnge dbpbt aeaubt feferbpb
cnuhterfnre
gufbhk seobglkus dehkbh onhilkurbsl ybhk ldehtlo (dlbaeter dbh aetnde
peafermehtlbh). Zbdb Mnge bdb 4 abcba cbrb uhtuo aeafubt
aeafubt gufbhk, ybltu0 Irna
Soetcm, Glhebr, Cnhcehtrlc, dbh Nh Znlht.
 Smegg
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeantnhk abterlbg slsl dbgba, slsl gubr, dbh oedub slsl dehkbh
oetefbgbh tertehtu.
 Vlfs
Feriuhksl uhtuo aeafubt slrlp sefbkbl pehkubt Zbrt.
 Gnit
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt nfèo dehkbh perpbdubh feferbpb fehtuo btbu pntnhkbh
ybhk ferfedb.
 Sweep
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt nfèo ybhk terfehtuo dbrl Soetcm btbu Zrnilge aegbgul kbrls
edbr (Zbtm).
2=
 Cnlg
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt nfèo aeglhkobr sepertl pekbs.
 Tmrebd
aeafubt uglr pbdb gufbhk
gufbhk btbu slglhder sepertl pnrns dbh aur-fbut.
 Ilgget
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt sudut btbu uùhk sefubm nfèo aeh`bdl ceafuhk btbu
ceouhk semlhkkb uùhk tldbo tb`ba.
 Cmbaier
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt sudut btbu uùhk sefubm nfèo aeh`bdl alrlhk semlhkkb
uùhk tldbo tb`ba.
 Anve Ibce
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aealhdbm sbtu btbu geflm dbrl sbtu Ibce dl dbgba Zbrt.
 Drbit
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aealrlhkobh Ibce (perauobbh) termbdbp perauobbh gblh.
 Spglt
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafegbm btbu aeantnhk Zbrt btbu Ibce aeh`bdl feferbpb fbklbh.
 Fehd Zbrt
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeheouo Zbrt aeh`bdl 6 fbklbh dehkbh reierehsl kbrls teouo pbdb
Soetcm.
 [nro Zgbhe
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt fldbhk oer`b fbru. Dbgba prboteohyb oltb auhkolh
aeaerguobh fldbhk fbru ybhk tldbo se`b`br dehkbh fldbhk oer`b gblhhyb.
2<
 [nro Bxls
Iuhkslhyb sefbkbl reierehsl sbbt oltb bobh aeafubt Soetcm btbupuh sbbt Bsseafy Zbrt.
 [nro Znlht
Iuhkslhyb sefbkbl reierehsl sbbt oltb bobh aeafubt
aeafubt Soetcm btbupuh sbbt Bsseafy Zbrt.
3.2. Gbtlmbh Abge bhd Ieabge
Dbgba gbtlmbh lhl, oltb bobh aeafubt dub fubm pbrt dbrl soetcm ybhk sedermbhb. Mbslg
dbrl gbtlmbh lhl bobh oltb Bsseafgy pbdb Fbf segbhùthyb. Gbhkobm-gbhko
Gbhkobm-gbhkobhyb
bhyb ybltu 0
+ 1
Aeafubt onapnheh Abge 0

2. Zertbab obgl ybhk dlgbouobh ybltu aehylbpobh rubhk glhkoup oer`b dbgba ande
Soetcm 6D. dehkbh cbrb Oglo Hew 8 Aetrlc 8 Stbhdbrd(aa).lpt 8 Soetcm 6D plglm
fldbhk
fldbhk ]P Zgbhe.
Zgbhe.
6. Oglo Glhe Tnng btbu teobh murui ‗G‑ dbh fubtgbm Soetcm sefbkbl ferlout 0
6:
3. @lob sudbm terfehtuo, pbstlobh Dlaehslnh dbh Cnhstrblh sesubl dehkbh ybhk
dllhklhobh. Gbgu oglo Ilhlsm Soetcm.
4. Oglo Vevngve btbu teobh murui ‗V‑, tehtuobh Zrnilge pbdb fbklbh dbgba Soetcm ybhk
oltb fehtuo, Bxls ybltu slsl gubr ybhk sebrbm suafu \. Zlglm Ande Vevngve ybltu
Iugg.
5. Zbdb frnwser fbr, Oglo obhbh pbdb Soetcm (Vevngutlnh) gbgu oglo Smbre Soetcm
semlhkkb oltb aeapuhybl soetcm ybhk fbru dbh sbab dehkbh soetcm sefeguahyb.
62
9. Gbgu tbafbmobh pbdb soetcm ybhk tegbm dl smbre aeh`bdl sepertl dl fbwbm lhl,
oeaudlbh oglo Ilhlsm Soetcm.
;. Dlobrehbobh soetcm ybhk oltb andlilobsl tegbm dl-smbre semlhkkb oltb flsb
aehkkuhbobhhyb uhtuo aeafubt dub fum iltur fbru. Oltb bobh aehkkuhbobhhyb
uhtuo extrude dbrl fldbhk tehkbm dbh extrude-cut pbdb mbslg extrusl tbdl.
=. Teobh murui E gbgu extrusl

extrus l sepbh`bhk 64aa(aldpgbh
64aa(aldpgbhe).
e).
66
<. Oglo pbdb soetcm ybhk gblhhyb dbh oglo Ilhlsm Soetcm oeaudlbh gbouobh Cut-Extrude
sepbh`bhk 26aa(aldpgbhe).
2:. Abob mbslghyb aeh`bdl fehtuo sefbkbl ferlout.
22. Segbh`
Segbhùthyb
uthyb Ilgget pbdb sudut mbslg extrusl dehkbh rbdlus 6aa.
63
26. Ugbhk
Ugbhkll pbdb fbklbh fbwbm
f bwbm dehkbh rbdlus 2,5aa
23. Segbhùthyb oltb Cmbaier uùhk fbwbm dehkbh aetnde Twn Dlstbhce ybltu 4aa
dbh 6aa.
24. Oltb fubt gufbhk dehkbh Mnge ferdlbaeter =aa (cnhcehtrlc).
64
25. Oltb bobh aeafubt gufbhk pbdb slsl btbs, uhtuo ltu oltb futum tltlo reierehsl gufbhk
tersefut. Uhtuo aeafubt tltlo tersefut oltb oe aehu soetcm oeafbgl btbu teobh murui
S dbh plglm slsl btbs sefbkbl fldbhk
fldbhk oeaudlbh fubtgbm Znlht dehkbh onnrdlhbt (:,35).
29. Segbhùthyb Ilhlsm Soetcm dbh kuhbobh gufbhk tersefut sefbkbl bcubh uhtuo
aeafubt
aeafubt Mnge dehkbh tlpe cnuhterfnre (inra soetcm).
2;. Setegbm terfehtuo sbtu gufbhk abob aeafubt oedub gufbhk gblhhyb aehkkuhbobh
Clrcugbr Zbterh. Zlglm gufbhk tersefut sefbkbl Iebtures dbh segufbhk gubr sefbkbl
Vntbtlnh Bxls.
65
2=. Mbslg bomlr sepertl dl fbwbm lhl dbh `bhkbh gupb Sbve0 abge.lpt
Aeafubt onapnheh Ieabge 0

2. Fubt oeafbgl Hew Stbhdbr(aa).lpt oeaudlbh fubt 6 glhkobrbh onhsehtrlo dehkbh
pusbt (:,:) dehkbh
dehkbh rbdlus
rbdlus 5:aa
5:aa dbh 9aa.
9aa.
6. Oglo Ilhlsm Soetcm dbh gbouob

gbouobh
h Extrusl sepbh`bhk 2:aa.
3. Sepertl pbdb onapnheh Abge, fubtgbm 3 gufbhk dehkbh tltlo reierehsl (:,35). Tlpe
gufbhk
gufbhk Drlgged dehkbh oedbgbabh =aa dbh dlbaeter 5aa dbh Sbve 0 ieabge.l
ieabge.lpt
pt
69
FBF 4
BSSEAFG\
Dbgba aehdesblh sefubm aeslh btbu prnduo ybhk terdlrl btbs ferfbkbl abcba Zbrt
oltb bobh aeafutumobh Bsseafgy sefbkbl teab uhtuo aerbolt. Dl dbgba Bsseafgy, oltb
dbpbt aegbouobh ferfbkbl abcba peoer`bbh, sepertl aegbouobh andlilobsl Zbrt, slaugbsl
iuhksl bgbt, sbapbl ferfbkbl abcba bhbglsls gblhhyb. Dehkbh dealolbh, peoer`bbh oltb dbgba
aehdesblh bobh geflm audbm. Bsseafgy sehdlrl terdlrl btbs Slhkge Zbrt dbh Suf Bsseafgy
ybhk seaubhyb bdb dl dbgba Ilge Bsseafgy. Dl dbgba Bsseafgy ybhk fesbr dbh aealglol
fbhybo Zbrt fubtgbm feferbpb Bsseafgy oeclg btbu Suf Bsseafgy.
Bsseafgy. Bdbhyb Suf Bsseafgy
bobh aeapercepbt prnses andlilobsl Zbrt dbh aeaudbmobh pehsbrlbh obrehb bobh
aeafehtuo oegnapno-oegnapno oeclg.
Feferbpb Tnng pehtlhk dl dbgba Bsseafgy bdbgbm sefbkbl ferlout.
 Zgbce Cnapnheht
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeabsuoobh Ilge onapnheh oe dbgba Ilge
Bsseafgy. Oltb dbpbt aeabsuoobh feferbpb onapnheh seobglkus oe dbgba
Bsseafgy.
Bsseafgy. Onapnheh pertbab ybhk dlgetbobh dbgba glhouhkbh bsseafgy
secbrb ntnabtls bobh dlteapbtobh pbdb nrlklh pnlht(:,:,:) dbgba oebbdbh
krnuhded. Oltb dbpbt aehbrum geflm dbrl sbtu onapnheh ybhk sbab dehkbh
aehkoglo dlgnobsl ybhk ferfedb dbgba krbpmlc wlhdnw.
Dlsbaplhk
Dlsbaplhk oltb dbpbt aehkkuhbobh
aehkkuhbobh kenaetrl pbrt dbrl bpglobsl Butndeso
Lhvehtnr, oltb dbpbt aehkkuhbobh kenaetry dbrl bpglobsl gblh sefbkbl pbrt dl
dbgba bsseafgy ybhk oltb fubt. Dl fbwbm lhl terdbpbt dbitbr glst tlpe ilge ybhk
dbpbt bhdb kuhbobh dbgba Butndeso Lhvehtnr 0
 Butndeso Lhvehtnr pbrts bhd bsseafgles

bsseafgles (*.lpt, *.lba)
 Butedeso Aecmbhlcbg Desotnp (*.dwk)
 Butndeso Butncbd (*.dwk)
 ilge SBT(BCLS/SmbpeAbhbker)
SBT(BC LS/SmbpeAbhbker) (*.sbt)
6;
 ilge LKES (*.lks, *lke, *.lkes)
 ilge STEZ (*.stp, *.ste, *.step)
 Zrn Ehklher (*.prt, *.bia)
 Bsseafgy Cnhstrblht
Oltb aehkkuhbobh bsseafgy cnhstrblhts uhtuo aehclptbobh mufuhkbh
pbrbaetrls bhtbrb tlbp onapnheh dbgba tlbp bsseafgy. Sefbkblabhb bhdb
aehkkuhbobh 6D onhstrblh uhtuo aehknhtrng kenaetrl 6D, aehkkuhbobh
3D bsseafgy cnhstrblh dbgba sefubm bsseafgy uhtuo aehkbtur pnslsl sefubm
onapnheh dbgba mufuhkbhhyb dehkbh onapnheh ybhk gblh. Fbslc bsseafgy
cnhstrblh terdlrl dbrl eapbt abcba ybhk bobh dlègbsobh sefbkbl ferlout 0
 Abte/Igusm Cnhstrblht
Dlkuhbobh uhtuo aegurusobh pbrt iebture sepertl perauobbh
rusuo btbu suafu subtu pbrt oe pbrt ybhk gblh.
Sefegua Abte Cnhstrblht Sesudbm Abte Cnhstrblht
Sefegua Igusm Cnhstrblh

Cnhstrblhtt Sesudbm Igusm Cnhstrblht
 Bhkge Cnhstrblht
Dlkuhbobh uhtuo aeaferlobh sudut bhtbrb dub fubm pbrt flsb
dlbpglobslobh oe perauobbh dbtbr, kbrls rusuo ybhk dbtbr btbu

suafu-suafu.
6=
 Tbhkeht Cnhstrblht
Dlkuhbobh uhtuo aeafubt sefubm mufuhkbh tbhkehslbg bhtbrb
perauobbh dbrl dub fubm pbrt. Sbgbm sbtu pbrt tersefut mbrus
aerupbobh perauobbh gehkouhk.
Tbhkeht Cnhstrblh dehkbh Sngusl Lhslde
Tbhkeht Cnhstrblh dehkbh Sngusl Nutslde
 Lhsert Cnhstrblht
Dlkuhbobh uhtuo aeabsuoobh sefubm onapnheh oe onapnheh
gblh sepertl fbut pnrns dbh gblh–gblh oedbgba gufbhk pbsbhkbhhyb
pbdb onapnheh gblh. Onhstrblh lhl aehkonaflhbslobh
aehkonaflhbslobh sefubm
abte cnhstrblht bhtbrb dub suafu dbh sefubm abte cnhstrblht
6<
bhtbrb dub perauobbh dbtbr. Onhstrblh lhl dlterbpobh dehkbh
aealglm edke clrcugbr pbdb tlbp pbrt.
Sefegua Lhsert Cnhstrblht Sesudbm Lhsert Cnhstrblht
4.2. Gbtlmbh Bsseafgy Abge & Ieabge
Zbdb gbtlmbh lhl oltb bobh aehcnfb Bsseagy pbrt ybhk tegbm oltb fubt sefeguhyb dl FBF
3 ybltu Abge dbh Ieabge.
Gbhkobm-gbhkobmhyb ybltu0
2. Fuobgbm Stbhdbrd(aa).lba
Stbhdbrd(aa).lba
3:
6. Oglo Zgbce Cnapnheht dbh absuoobh ilge Ieabge.lpt gbgu Abge.lpt
3. Kuhbobh Abte Cnhstrblht gbgu plglmgbm gufbhk Ieabge oeaudlbh Slglhder oeclg dbrl
Abge.
4. Gbouobh seobgl gbkl Abte Cnhstrblht

Cnhstrblht gbgu plglmgbm slsl btbs
b tbs Ieabge dbh slsl
sl sl fbwbm Abge.
5. @lob oetlkb gufbhk fegua pbs abob gbouobh Abte Cnhstrblh oeafbgl pbdb gufbhk
tersefut.
32
4.6. Gbtlmbh Aehbafbmobh Zbrt Stbhdbrd
Aehbafbmobh pbrt strbhdbrd pbdb mbslg Bsseafgy Abge bhd Ieabge ferupb Ibsteher
ybltu Fngt dbh Zlh. Gbhkobm-gbhkobmhyb ybltu0
2. Zbdb mbslg Bsseafgy gbtlmbh sefeguahyb oglo Zgbce Irna Cnhteht Cehter.
6. Abob bobh auhcug ontbo glfrbry, cbrlgbm Fngt ybhk sesubl oelhklhbh pbdb Ibsteher
uhtuo oetlkb gufbhk pbdb Bsseafgy Abge bhd Ieabge.
3. Zbdb gbtlmbh lhl oltb bobh aealglm Fngt tlpe Vnuhd Mebd dehkbh hbab Screw KF/T
69;6-6::4, setegbm dlplglm gbgu oglo NO.
4. Gbgu pbsbhkobh dehkbh gufbhk ybhk bobh oltb pbsbhk oeaudlbh oglo `lob sudbm pbs
dehkbh gufbhk dbh oglo gbkl `lob sudbm pbs uourbh oepbgbhyb ybhk pbdb gbtlmbh lhl
uourbhhyb ybltu A4 x 5.
36
5. Auhcug èhdegb Butn Drnp, pbdb èhdegb lhl oltb flsb aehkbtur pbterh, edlt slze dbh
ybhk terpehtlhk `lob sudbm sesubl teobh tnafng ‗cehtbhk‑ btbu bppgy.
9. Abob mbslghyb sefbkbl ferlout.
;. @lob terhybtb uourbh Fngt fegua sesubl abob oltb

olt b flsb aehkedlthyb aegbgul Frnwser
Fbr dehkbh cbrb oglo obhbh pbdb èhls Egeaeh gbgu plglm Cmbhke Slze.
=. Segbhùthyb oltb bobh aehbafbmobh Zlh, sepertl sefeguahyb oglo Zgbce Irna
Cnhteht Cehter.
<. Zlglmgbm èhls
èhls Cylglhdrlcbg Zlhs LSN 633=
2:.Kuhbobh dlbaeter =aa dbh pbh`bhk 3:aa.
22.Setegbm oltb absuoobh plh tersefut oe mbgbabh Bsseafgy gbgu oltb bobh
aeaferlobh Cnhstrblh.
33
26. Kuhbobh Cnhstrblh tlpe Lhsert dehkbh Sngutlnhs Bglkhed dbh plglmgbm Zlh tersefut
sefbkbl Segectlnhs 2.
23. Oeaudlbh plglmgbm gufbhk pbdb pbrt Abge sefbkbl Segectlnhs 6 dbh ferlgbm niiset -
3aa.
24. Abob mbslghyb bobh sefbkbl ferlout.
34
FBF 5
KBAFBV OEV@B
Setegbm aeafubt kbafbr 3D, oltb bobh aeafubt kbafbr oer`b ferupb 6D.
Kbafbr oer`b aerupbobh perbhtbrb ybhk tldbo dbpbt dlplsbmobh bhtbrb perbhcbhk (Deslkheer)
dehkbh pegbosbhb (Zrnductlnh). Ngem obrehb ltu, kbafbr oer`b mbrus abapu aeaferl
kbafbrbh ybhk ègbs dbh
db h gehkobp aeglputl fehtuo dbh uourbh fehdb ybhk bobh dlfubt.
Butndeso Lhvehtnr Zrniesslnhbg 6:25 aeherbpobh feferbpb stbhdbrd kbafbr oer`b, sepertl
LSN, @LS, DLH, dbh BHSL. Oeaudlbh, teohlo kbafbr oer`b sepertl tefbg tlpls kbrls, prnyeosl,
dbh sbtubh, bobh dlbtur secbrb ntnabtls setegbm oltb aealglm sbgbm sbtu èhls stbhdbrd kbafbr
oer`b ybhk bobh dlpbobl. Oltb abslm dbpbt aehkufbm feferbpb mbslg settlhk ntnabtls uhtuo
dlsesublobh dehkbh oefutumbh. Feferbpb tnng ybhk dlkuhbobh uhtuo aeafubt kbafbr oer`b
ybltu 0
 Fbse Ylew
Feriuhksl uhtuo aehkbaflg pbhdbhkbh utbab/dbsbr.
 Zrnècted Ylew
Yeriuhksl aehkbaflg vlew dbrl btbs, fbwbm, dbh sbaplhk. Sybrbthyb, mbrus aealglol
Fbse Ylew tergeflm dbmugu ( pbhdbhkbh utbab/dbsbr ).
 Buxlglbry Ylew
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aehkbaflg

aehkbaflg vlew dehkbh fbhtubh sbgbm sbtu kbrls pbdb vlew ybhk tegb
tegbmm
oltb baflg.
35
 Sectlnh Ylew
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt kbafbr pntnhkbh bkbr dbpbt aeaperègbs fbklbh-fbklbh
ybhk terseafuhyl.
 Detblg Ylew
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeaperfesbr fbklbh tertehtu ybhk oeglmbtbh oeclg dbh rualt bkbr
aeh`bdl geflm fesbr.
 Frebo
Feriuhksl aeantnhk vlew ybhk tergbgu pbh`bhk dbh onhstbh. Setegbm flsb aehbaplgobh
fehtuo 6D dbrl ferfbkbl pbhdbhkbh abob oltb aeafutumobh feferbpb Tnng pbdb Aehu Fbr
Bhhntbte uhtuo aeapergehkobp dbh aeaperègbs bpb ybhk bobh oltb tbaplgobh. Feferbpb
Tnng pbdb Bhhntbte ybltu0
 Dlaehslnh
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt ferfbkbl abcba
abc ba uourbh sepertl Mnrlznhtbg, Yertlcbg, Vbdlus,
Dlbaeter, dbh Bhkge.
Bhkge.
 Fbseglhe Dlaehslnh
Feriuhksl uhtuo aeafubt uourbh fertlhkobt secbrb feroegnapno.
 Nrdlhbte Dlaehslnh
Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt uourbh dehkbh slstea
sls tea onnrdlhbt secbrb feroegnapno.
feroegnapno.
 Mnge / Tmrebd Hntes

Feriuhksl uhtuo aeafubt cbtbtbh gufbhk dbh uglr.
 Fehd Hntes
Feriuhksl aeafubt
aeafubt cbtbt
cbtbtbh
bh teouobh pbdb pehker`bbh Smeet Aetbg (Zgbt).
39
 Cmbaier Hntes
Feriuhksl aeafubt cbtbtbh Cmbaier.
 Cehter Abro
Feriuhksl aeafubt tbhdb tltlo pusbt glhkobrbh.
 Suribce Texture Syafng

Feriuhksl aeafubt slafng uhtuo èhls pehker`bbh dbh mbslg pehker`bbh pbdb subtu
perauobbh.
 [egdlhk Syafng
Feriuhksl uhtuo aeafubt slafng pehkegbsbh.
 Text
Feriuhksl aeafubt tuglsbh btb cbtbtbh tbafbmbh uhtuo aehbafbm oeterbhkbh dbgba
kbafbr oer`b.
 Gebder Text
Feriuhksl aeafubt cbtbtbh dehkbh kbrls pbhbm sefbkbl pehuhùo.
 Fbggnnh
Feriuhksl uhtuo aeafubt pehuhùoobh Zbrt ferupb hnanr urut ybhk bobh termufuhk
dehkbh hnanr dl Zbrt Glst.
 Zbrt Glst
Feriuhksl aeafubt dbitbr Zbrt ferdbsbrobh Fbggnnh ybhk tegbm oltb fubt sefeguahyb.
3;
5.2. Gbtlmbh Aeafubt Kbafbr Oer`b 2
Zbdb gbtlmbh lhl oltb bobh aehcnfb aehbaplgobh feferbpb pbrt ybhk tegbm oltb fubt
aehkkuhbobh
aehkkuhbobh feferbpb tnng dbsbr. Gbhkobm-gbhkobm
Gbhkobm-gbhkobm ybhk dlgbouobh ybltu 0
2. Sepertl flbsb, oglo Hew dbh plglmgbm teapgbte LSN.ldw
6. Setegbm auhcug tbaplgbh sepertl dl btbs abob oltb slbp uhtuo aehbaplgobh fehtuo
3D oe dbgba 6D.
3. Zertbab obgl ybltu oglo Fbse abob bobh auhcug èhdegb sefbkbl ferlout.
3=
4. Kuhbobh tnafng ybhk dlferl glhkobrbh aerbm pbdb kbafbr dl btbs uhtuo aealglm
pbrt ybhk bobh oltb tbaplgobh. Zbdb èhdegb
èhdegb lhl pugb oltb flsb aehkbtur sobgb dbh
Nrlehtbtlnh tbaplgbh.
5. Zlglmgbm teapbtglglh.lpt ybhk tegbm oltb fubt sefeguahyb gbgu oglo Npeh.
9. Abob dlfegbobhk èhdegb Drbwlhk Ylew auhcug glglh tersefut tetbpl sbhkbt fesbr
abob oltb ufbm sobgb pbdb èhdegb Drbwlhk Ylew aeh`bdl 204
;. Uhtuo aegetboobh pnslsl sesubl oelhklhbh abob plhkklrobh èhdegb Drbwlhk Ylew
gbgu brbmobh teapbt glglh tersefut pbdb pnslsl ybhk dllhklhobh. @lob sudbm pbs gbgu
oglo oeaudlbh oglo obhbh gbgu Dnhe.
=. Uhtuo aehbafbmobh tbaplgbh kuhbobh Zrnècted Ylew, cbrbhyb ybltu oglo Zrnècted
Ylew oeaudlbh oglo tbaplgbh dbsbr ybhk tegbm dlfubt gbgu brbmobh oe prnyeosl ybhk
gblh oeaudlbh oglo dbh ugbhkl gbkl `lob lhklh aehbafbm prnyeosl ybhk gblhhyb ùkb.
@lob sudbm abob oglo obhbh gbgu oglo Crebte.
Zrnècted
Fbse
3<
<. Aeafubt Kbafbr Zntnhkbh, kuhbobh Sectlnh Ylew gbgu plglm kbafbr ybhk bobh oltb
pntnhk. Zbdb gbtlmbh lhl oltb bobh aehcnfb
aehcnfb aeantnhk kbafbr
kbafbr Zrnècted (obhbh
fbwbm) tepbt dl tehkbmhyb
tehkbmhyb oltb pntnhk
pntnhk btbs dbrl fbwbm.
fbwbm.
2:. Setegbm oglo Sectlnh Ylew gbgu oglo kbafbr Zrnècted (obhbh fbwbm) oeaudlbh
fubtgbm kbrls pntnhk sesubl kbafbr dl fbwbm lhl oeaudlbh oglo obhbh gbgu oglo
Cnhtlhue.
22. Oeaudlbh auhcug ontbo dlbgnk Sectlnh Ylew, oltb flsb aehkbtur èhls pntnhkbh
dbh slafng murui pntnhkbh dl slhl. Brbmobh tbaplgbh pntnhkbh oe obhbh oeaudlbh
oglo NO.
4:
26. Abob mbslg pntnhkbhhyb bdbgbm sefbkbl ferlout.
23. Absuoobh pbrt Fusmlhk ybhk tegbm oltb fubt sefeguahyb dehkbh sobgb 204 getboobh
pbdb obhbh btbs fldbhk kbafbr gbgu prnyeoslobh oe fbwbm, olrl dbh sernhk oe
tehkbm.
Fbse
Zrnècted
42
24. Oltb flsb aeafubt cnboobh uhtuo aeaperègbs sls dbgba dbrl Fusmlhk. Cbrbhyb
ybltu oglo Fusmlhk prnyeosl dl olrl fbwbm, oeaudlbh oglo Crebte Soetcm. Fubtgbm
soetcm tertutup (gnnp) sepertl cnboobh ybhk bobh oltb lhklhobh.
lhklhobh.
25. Setegbm Ilhlsm Soetcm oeaudlbh kuhbobh tnng Frebo Nut gbgu plglm kbafbr Fusmlhk
ybhk bobh oltb cnbo semlhkkb auhcug èhdegb sefbkbl ferlout.
29. Zlglm prnilge pbdb soetcm ybhk oltb fubt dbh plglmgbm pnlht fbtbs cnboobh ybhk bobh
oltb fubt semlhkkb mbslghyb sefbkbl ferlout.
2;. Setegbm segesbl oltb flsb aeaferl Dlaehslnh, plhdbmobh aehu fbr oe Bhhntbte.
46
5.6. Gbtlmbh Aeafubt Kbafbr Oer`b 6
Zbdb gbtlmbh lhl oltb bobh aehcnfb aehbaplgobh bsseafgy ybhk tegbm oltb fubt
aehkkuhbobh
aehkkuhbobh feferbpb tnng dbsbr. Gbhkobm-gbhkobm
Gbhkobm-gbhkobm ybhk dlgbouobh ybltu0
2. Fuobgbm teapgbte LSN.ldw
6. Fbse Ylew kuhbobh sobgb 202 dehkbh Irnht Nrlehtbtlnh, getboobh pbdb obhbh btbs
fldbhk
fldbhk kbafbr.
kbafbr.
3. Zrnècted Ylew sesubl oelhklhbh.
4. Zbdb Bhhntbte ferlobh dlaehsl dbh oeterbhkbh gblhhyb sesubl oelhklhbh.
5. Kuhbobh Fbggnnh uhtuo aeaferl hnanr pbrt. Cbrbhyb oglo Fbggnh oeaudlbh oglo
pbrt ybhk bobh dlferl hnanr oeaudlbh tbrlo kbrlshyb oeaudlbh oglo olrl dbh oglo
obhbh oeaudlbh oglo Cnhtlhue. Dealolbh pugb uhtuo setlbp pbrt ybhk gblh.
9. @lob Fbggnnh sudbm dlbotliobh abob aeafubt Zbrt Glst sbhkbt kbapbhk.
kbapbhk. Oglo Zbrt glst
oeaudlbh oglo kbafbr ybhk tegbm oltb ferl Fbggnnh oeaudlbh NO. Brbmobh tbfeg
sesubl pnslsl ybhk dllhklhobh.
43
;. @lob oltb lhklh aehklsl btbupuh aerufbm Oepbgb Kbafbr abob flsb sb`b dlgbouobh.
\bltu dehkbh dnufge oglo Ilegd Text dl fbwbm LSN pbdb Frnwser Fbr oeaudlbh oglo
lZrnpertles uhtuo aehkedlt setlbp lslbhhyb.
lslbhhyb.
=. @lob fehtuo uourbh oepbgb kbafbr btbu uourbh ongna ourbhk sesubl abob flsb oltb
edlt dehkbh cbrb oglo obhbh LSN oeaudlbh oglo Edlt Deilhltlnhs pbdb Frnwser Fbr.
Dehkbh cbrb lhl pugb oltb flsb aehkedlt uourbh Inht flsb ùkb aehbafbmobh gnkn
perusbmbbh. Sbbt Edlt

Edlt Deilhltlns
Deilhltlns botli abob bobh ferufbm oe ande Soetcm, uhtuo
aehkedlt
aehked lt setlbp teos
te os tlhkkbg oglo obhbh teos gbgu oglo edlt teos.
44
DBITBV VEIEVEHSL
Sbtlnhn, Brlei dbh Slsalhtn. 6::<. Butndeso Lhvehtnr Zrnieslnhbg 6::<.

6::<. \nkybobrtb0
BHDL.
Tubolb, Ilrabh. 6::=. Zeandegbh Cbd 3D Aehkkuhbobh Butndeso Lhvehtnr. Fbhduhk0
Lhinrabtlob.
Hkbdlynhn, \btlh.
\btlh. Andug Zeafegb`brbh Butndeso Lhvehtnr. \nkybobrtb0 Ibougtbs
Teohlo UH\.
. 6:25. Megp Butdeso Lhvehtnr Zrn
Zrn 6:26.
6:26.
. 6:25. Megp Butdeso Lhvehtnr
Lhvehtnr Zrn 6:23.
6:23.
Lhvehtnr Zrn 6:24.
6:24.
Lhvehtnr Zrn 6:25.
6:25.
45

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ABHUBG ANDUGE ( LHTVNDUCTLNH )

Dr. [bybh Hbtb Septlbdl, S.T., A.T.

ZVNKVBA STUDL TEOHLO AESLH

ANDUGE ZEGBTLMBH BUTNDESO LHYEHTNV – TEOHLO AESLH UHUD 6:6:

Sekbgb pu`b dbh pu`l syuour

Uhlversltbs Udbybhb - Fbgl.

Tbomesl Sbtn dbh H. Suklbrtn Mbrtbhtn. Feferbpb fuo

oer`b 6D aehurut stbhdbrd LSN aehkkuhbobh Butndeso Lhvehtnr 6:25.

Dehpbsbr, 6= Deseafer 6:25

OBTB ZEHKBHTBV .....................

DBITBV LSL ...................

FBF 6 SOETCM ................................................................................................................ 2:

6.2. 6D Soetcm .............................................

6.6. 3D Soetcm .............................................

FBF 3 ZBVT ...................................................................................................................... 2;

FBF 4 BSSEAFG\ ........................................................................................................... 6;

FBF 5 KBAFBV OEV@B ............................................................................................... 35

DBITBV VEIEVEHSL .................................................................................................... 45

ZEHKEHBGBH BUTNDESO LHYEHTNV

Butndeso Lhvehtnr aerupbobh prnkrba ybhk dlrbhcbhk omusus uhtuo

mufuhkbh bhtbrkenaetrl dbpbt dlandlilobsl oeafbgl aesol kenaetrlhyb sudbm

Uhtuo aeaugbl Butndeso Lhvehtnr

6. Zlglm Bgg Zrnkrba

Tuhkku mlhkkb auhcug desotnp bwbg dbrl BUTNDESO ® LHYEHTNV®

sepertl fehdb-fehdb ybhk terfubt dbrl pgbt fesl ybhk dlteouo-teouo.

prnses suhtlobh ( lh`ectlnh ) dbgba

2.6. Aehkehbg Aehu dbh Tnngfbr Butndeso Lhvehtnr Z

Sepertl mbghyb prnkrba

[nro Suribce / Ibce

 Zbheg Fbr ferlsl tnngs / perlhtbm omusus uhtuo aehuh`bhk

2.3. Slstea Hbvlkbsl

 Iugg Hbvlkbtlnh [meeg

scrngg anuse tbhpb mbrus aeheobh I3.

D Aehbafbmobh dlaehsl pbdb soetcm btbu pbdb drbwlhk.

Oetlob 3D rntbte botli, aehkbotliobh swltcm

 Glhe dbh Spglhe

dbh Equbtlnh Curve .

 Ilgget dbh Cmbaier

Iuhkslhyb uhtuo aeafubt 6 kbrls aeh`bdl sbglhk tekbo gurus.

 Glhe dbh Spglhe

 Zrn`ect Curve tn Suribce

2. Sngld Zbrt Iebture, ybltu nf`eo ybhk pbdbt

Feriuhksl uhtuo aeafubt slrlp sefbkbl pehkubt Zbrt.

3.2. Gbtlmbh Abge bhd Ieabge

Aeafubt onapnheh Abge 0

=. Teobh murui E gbgu extrusl

2:. Abob mbslghyb aeh`bdl fehtuo sefbkbl ferlout.

24. Oltb fubt gufbhk dehkbh Mnge ferdlbaeter =aa (cnhcehtrlc).

Aeafubt onapnheh Ieabge 0

6. Oglo Ilhlsm Soetcm dbh gbouob

Feferbpb Tnng pehtlhk dl dbgba Bsseafgy bdbgbm sefbkbl ferlout.

 Butndeso Lhvehtnr pbrts bhd bsseafgles

Sefegua Abte Cnhstrblht Sesudbm Abte Cnhstrblht

Sefegua Igusm Cnhstrblh

dlbpglobslobh oe perauobbh dbtbr, kbrls rusuo ybhk dbtbr btbu

Tbhkeht Cnhstrblh dehkbh Sngusl Lhslde

Tbhkeht Cnhstrblh dehkbh Sngusl Nutslde

abte cnhstrblht bhtbrb dub suafu dbh sefubm abte cnhstrblht

Sefegua Lhsert Cnhstrblht Sesudbm Lhsert Cnhstrblht