The line chart compares the cost of bananas in Japan, France, Germany and the USA from 1994

to 2004.

Overall, bananas were the most expensive in Japan and cheapest in the USA. In addition, the prices in all
the nations were erratic over the period, with the exception of the USA.

In Japan, the cost of bananas increased dramatically from about $1.80/kg in 1994 to a peak of around
$2.80/kg in 1995, but then decreased to approximately $2.00/kg in 1996. After hovering between $1.80/kg
and $2.30/kg from 1997 to 2000, the price declined to nearly $1.50/kg in 2001 before rising to about $2.50/kg
in 2004. In contrast, after an initial increase, the cost of bananas in the USA stabilized at around $1.20/kg
until 2004.

France and Germany witnessed a similar pattern over the entire period, with the prices returning to almost
their original values despite fluctuations, at about $1.40/kg and $1.70/kg respectively. While banana prices in
Germany declined gradually to around $1.10/kg in 2004, the figures for France fluctuated wildly, overtaking
Japan to become the country with highest price (around $1.80/kg) in 200. They then hit a trough of around
$1.00/kg, the lowest among 4 countries in 2003 and finally reached just over $1.50/kg in 2004
Task 1: The diagram below shows how bottled and canned carbonated drinks are made

The given diagram depicts the process of manufacturing carbonated beverages from tap
water, comprising five main stages, commencing with water purification and culminating
in the distribution of the final product.
The initial stage involves the purification of raw water through a filtration process to
eliminate any impurities or dirt. Following this, the water is softened to remove unwanted
elements like calcium, and then it undergoes disinfection using specialized chemicals to
ensure its cleanliness and safety.
Next, the purified water is transferred to an electric heater, where it is heated to a high
temperature, causing it to evaporate and turn into steam. The steam is then directed
through a cooling pipe into a chamber, where it condenses back into liquid form. During
this condensation process, carbon dioxide is introduced through another channel,
resulting in the creation of carbonated water.
To produce commercially available beverages, the liquid mixture is blended with food coloring,
sweetening syrup, and flavorings. Subsequently, another filtering step is carried out to ensure
that the drink is free of any clumps or particles. In the final stages of production, the carbonated
beverage is either bottled or canned, adhering to the factory's production plan. After packaging,
the beverages are ready for distribution to the market.
Task 1: The diagram illustrates the production of ethanol fuel from corn.

Overall, there are nine stages in the process of corn ethanol production, beginning with
harvesting the corn and ending at the delivery stage.

At the first stage in the corn ethanol making process, corn is harvested and then put in a
suitable place to ensure safe storage before it is ready for milling. During the milling stage, the
corn is ground into a fine powder, which is then mixed with water. The resulting mixture is
cooked for four hours.

After cooking, the mixture undergoes a fermentation process, which takes two days, and
ethanol is produced after this stage. After that, the liquid ethanol is separated from the
fermented mixture, during which some solid by-products are taken out. It then takes five hours
for the resulting ethanol to be purified to remove any impurities. Finally, this ethanol is stored
for a set period of time before being transported to retailers, ready to be sold.
 Task 1: The table describes the changes of people who went for international travel in
1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005 (millions of people).

Area 1990 1995 2000 2005

Africa 18.2 20.8 26.9 28.7
America 68.5 112.5 118.2 113.2
Asia and Pacific 60.2 80.3 117.44 135.8
Europe 280.2 390.3 393.2 400.2
Middle West 9.8 11.3 13.5 15.8
Total 448.9 615.2 669.2 693.7

The table presents the changes in the number of international travelers from five
different geographical regions compared to the global total over a period of 15 years.

Throughout the entire timeframe, all regions experienced a consistent upward trend in
the number of international travelers. Notably, Europe stood out as the region with the
highest proportion of transnational tourists, while the Middle West consistently had the
lowest numbers.

In the initial year, the global count of international travelers was only 448.2 million.
Among them, Europe had the largest share with 280.2 million tourists, followed by
America and Asia Pacific with both regions having over 60 million travelers each.
Middle West had the lowest figure in terms of global tourism, with just under 10 million
travelers, while Africa had double that number.

Over the course of 15 years, the total number of international travelers increased
significantly to 693.7 million, reflecting the shared rising pattern among all regions.
Europe continued to dominate the global tourism scenario, with its figure jumping to
390.3 million in 1995 and gradually increasing over the next decade. Asia Pacific saw
constant development in its numbers, reaching 135.8 million travelers and securing the
second rank, while America followed in the third position. Africa and Middle West
maintained their positions at the bottom of the rankings, with Africa surpassing the 20
million mark, while the Middle West remained the region with the lowest number of
international travelers.
The table below gives information about the value of exports of kiwi fruit from New
Zealand to five countries between 2010 and 2012.

Country 2010 2011 2012

Japan $271,100,000 $287,400,000 $325,300,000
China $74,900,000 $84,800,000 $94,000,000
Mexico $6,000,000 $2,400,000 $3,300,000
Russia $968,000 $1,585,000 $2,404,000
Saudi Arabia $290,000 $106,000 $82,000

The given table provides a comparison of New Zealand's earnings from kiwi fruit
exports to five different countries over a three-year period (2010, 2011, and
2012).

During the depicted time frame, Japan emerged as New Zealand's primary export
market for kiwi fruit. Additionally, while exports to Japan, China, and Russia
experienced growth, exports to Mexico and Saudi Arabia witnessed a decline.

In 2010, exports of kiwi fruit to Japan generated NZ$ 271.1 million in revenue,
whereas exports to China and Russia were considerably lower, amounting to
NZ$ 74.9 million and NZ$ 0.968 million, respectively. After a span of two years,
export earnings from these three markets showed an increase, reaching NZ$
325.3 million, NZ$ 94 million, and NZ$ 2.4 million, respectively.

Regarding the remaining two countries, New Zealand's kiwi fruit export revenues
to Saudi Arabia experienced a consistent decline, dropping from NZ$ 290,000 in
2010 to only NZ$ 82,000 in 2012. On the other hand, exports to Mexico followed
a slightly different pattern, decreasing by NZ$ 3.6 million from 2010 to 2011, but
then witnessing a NZ$ 0.9 million increase the following year.
 The table below gives information about salaries of secondary/high school
teachers in five countries in 2009.

Secondary/high school teacher salaries (2009)

Country Starting Salary per year (US$) Maximum Years taken to reach
After 15 years top salary
Australia 34,600 48,000 48,000 9
Denmark 47,000 54,000 54,000 8
Luxembourg 80,000 112,000 139,000 30
Korea 30,500 52,600 84,500 37
Japan 28,000 49,000 62,400 34

The table provided illustrates a contrast in the salaries of secondary and high
school teachers across five different countries during the year 2009.

Overall, Luxembourg emerged as the nation with the highest teacher salaries,
whereas Australia had the lowest. Furthermore, Danish teachers had the
advantage of attaining the maximum salary at a notably accelerated pace
compared to their counterparts in most other nations.

To commence, Luxembourg granted secondary and high school teachers an

annual starting salary of $80,000. In contrast, Danish teachers began with a
substantially lower starting salary of $45,000. The remaining countries offered
starting salaries of approximately $30,000 for novice educators.However,
experienced teachers with a minimum of 15 years of service in Luxembourg
earned up to $119,000 per year.

In comparison, Danish and Japanese teachers with equivalent experience levels

received salaries of $54,000 and $65,000 respectively. Conversely, Australian and
Korean teachers with at least 15 years of experience obtained the lowest salaries
at $48,000 annually. It is also worth noting that Australian and Danish teachers
reached their maximum salary within less than a decade, while teachers in the
other countries had to wait for a minimum of 30 years.
The charts below show the percentages of students following different types
of course at Salisbury College in 1984, 1994, and 2004

1984

1994

2004
The provided bar chart presents data on the government expenditures on roads and
transport in four different countries during the years 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005.

In general, it is evident that Portugal had the highest spending by the government on
road and transport, while the United Kingdom allocated the least amount of its budget
among the four countries.

Specifically, Portugal allocated more than a quarter of the total transportation spending
in 1990, which was more than 5% higher than Italy, the second-highest purchaser with
20%. On the other hand, the UK and the USA had considerably lower expenditures at
about 11% and 13% respectively, which were about 2 times lower than Portugal's.

Looking at the changes over the years, Portugal's figures experienced a steady decline
over the 15-year period, reaching a little above 15% in 2005. Similarly, Italy also
showed a general downward trend in their expenditure figures throughout the analyzed
period, except for a slight recovery in the final year. In contrast, the USA and UK’s
spending on roads and transport demonstrated an erratic trend, with the UK fluctuating
at a greater extent with a 7% gap and the US being more stable with a gap of only 2%.
The graph below shows the percentage of the population that was of working age
(aged between 15 and 64) in four countries between 1970 and 2010.

The provided chart illustrates the proportions of the labor force in the populations of four
specific countries over a span of four decades. Upon initial observation, it is evident that
significant fluctuations occurred in the percentages over the 40-year period. While Korea
and Mexico experienced an upward trend, Japan's proportion notably decreased.
In 1970, Japan had the highest proportion of working-age population among the four
surveyed countries, accounting for approximately 67 percent. This figure remained
relatively stable from 1970 to 2000, but then underwent a considerable decline, reaching
60 percent by the end of the period. Consequently, Japan ended up having the lowest
percentage of working-age population among the countries. On the other hand, Korea
began with an initial proportion of only 55 percent, but by 1990, it surpassed all other
countries and maintained the leading position with nearly three- fourths of its population
falling into the working-age category by 2010.
France secured the second-highest position, with over three-fifths of its population being
part of the labor force. Mexico, however, had the lowest labor force statistics, with less
than 5 out of 10 Mexicans falling within the 15 to 64 years old age group. Nonetheless,
Mexico's labor force percentage steadily increased to over 65 percent, while France did
not experience any significant changes in its labor force rate over the period.
The chart below shows the amount of money in billions of dollars spent on
international tourism by people from seven different countries in 2011 and 2012.

The bar chart delineates how much money was spent by international tourists from
seven nations in 2011 and 2012.
At a glance, the amount of spending by Chinese, American, British and Russian on
tourism increased, while that of the remaining either decreased or unchanged.
Additionally, Canadian remained the least spender among the surveyed nations.
The amount of money spent oversea by Chinese was 72 billion, before reaching a peak
at 102 billion dollars in 2012. 1Starting at 79 and 48 billion, both the US and the UK
citizens’ oversea spending figures increased by 2 billion dollars after one year.
Meanwhile, Russian’s spending while travelling was 30 billion in 2011,11 billion dollars
less than its figure in 2012.

1Being the top spender for international tourism with 86 billion in 2011, Germany’s figure
witnessed a decline by 3 billion dollars after a year. A minor drop of 1 billion dollars was
reported in France’s travel spending, from 40 to 39 billion dollars. Canada was the
country whose citizens spent the least amount of money for international travels, at 18
billion dollars in both years.
The graph below shows the amount of time taken to produce a vehicle by four US-
based car manufacturers in the years 1998 and 2002.

VEHICLE PRODUCTION T I M E
— Daimler Chrysler (DC) —A— General Motors (GM) — F o r d
Nissa
n
38

36

34

32

30

28

26

24

22

20
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

The line graph illustrates the differences in automobile production time in four US car
manufacturers between 1998 and 2002.
Overall, while the downward tendency could be observed in the number of hours reported in
Nissan, DC, and GM, Ford took more time to build a vehicle later in the surveyed timeframe.
In 1998, Nissan was the manufacturer with the longest automobile production, with about 37
hours. The fastest process took place in Ford’s factory, as they only needed approximately 25
hours to finish. There was an insignificant differential of only 2 hours in the figures for Daimler
Chrysler and General Motors.
After four years, Nissan dramatically improved their efficiency since their manufacturing time
sharply dropped to under 24 hours after the first two years and hit the bottom of 21 hours at the
end of the period, making them the speediest one among the four. Declining by 3 hours after the
first year, DC’s statistics remained stable in the next three years, and then experienced a
remarkable decrease to 28 hours. Constant productivity development occurred in GM as the
amount of time dropped from 32 to 24. On the other hand, Ford lost the leading position in 1998
as the figure gradually increased and only recovered slightly after reaching 26.