NG50-3-214-REQ-RP-AB-89-0095

OFFICIAL COPY - PDF Generated on 16-Jul-2007 4:50PM
NIGERIA - OML 130 AKPO

AKPO Field Development Project LOGO
SAIPEM SA CALCULATION NOTE REPORT
UMBILICALS, FLOWLINES AND RISERS (UFR) Doc reference Rev.
NG50-3-214-REQ-RP-AB-89-
0
DEEPWATER BUOY 0095
Status Class Issue date Page
RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY &
MAINTAINABILITY
IFR 2 16-Jul-2007 1/24
ANALYSIS
OIL LOADING TERMINAL PO N° 3005 SO17370 MLM36006 C1
DEEPWATER BUOY
RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY & MAINTAINABILITY
ANALYSIS
CONTRACTOR Review Status: Reserved to Reserved to COMPANY

Inspector
Required Next Issue: The document is
Code 1 Return without comment IFI, IFR, IFA, Approved Code 1
Code 2 Return with Comments IFC, ASB Approved with minor comments Code 2
Code 3 Rejected Rejected Code 3

By: |_|_| |_|_| 20|_|_| Reviewed with comment Code 4
(Day / Month / Year) date:
Name: Date: As Built final acceptance Code 5

Signature: date:
Remarks :
0 16-Jul-2007 Issue For Review C. Haye J-M. Guillemaut L. Fromage
Rev. Date DESIGNATION Initiator Reviewed by Approved by
Document number Rev. St. Cl.
NG50-3-214-REQ-RP-AB-89-0095 0 IFR 2
CLIENT:
EUROPEAN MARITIME COMMERCE BV
PROJECT:
Head Office Engineering Office

5, Route de Fribourg 24, Ave de Fontvieille
PO Box 152 PO Box 199 AKPO DEEPWATER BUOY
CH-1723 Marly MC 98007 Monaco Cedex
Switzerland Tel. +377 92 05 15 00
Tel. +41 26 439 99 20 Fax: +377 92 05 32 22
Fax: +41 26 439 99 39
www.singlebuoy.com SO17370 ML M 36 006 C1
DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION:
DEEPWATER BUOY
RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY & MAINTAINABILITY
ANALYSIS
Status/ Date No of Group Leader EPM Approval for

Written by Checked by
Revision (dd-MMM-YYYY) Pages Dept. Head Issue
C1 16-Jul-2007 24 C. HAYE J-M Guillemaut J-M Guillemaut L. Fromage
INFORMATION ON STATUS:
P Preliminary for Information
I Internal Discipline Checking
C For Comments and Approval
V Valid for Construction
A Approved For Construction
X “As Built”
EPM Engineering Project Manager or Assigned Substitute
 Copyright Single Buoy Moorings Inc 2007 Ex No. : SB81384


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MAINTAINABILITY IFR 2 16-Jul-2007 3/24
ANALYSIS
REVISION STATUS / SUMMARY OF CHANGES
REVISION REVISED CHAPTERS REVISION DESCRIPTION REASON FOR REVISION
C1 N/A First Issue First issue For Comments


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ANALYSIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. GENERAL................................................................................................................................ 5
1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW .............................................................................................. 5
1.2 CALM BUOY DESCRIPTION .................................................................................... 5
1.3 SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT................................................................................... 6
1.4 ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................... 6
1.5 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS..................................................................................... 7
2. METHODOLOGY..................................................................................................................... 8
3. ASSUMPTIONS....................................................................................................................... 8
4. CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................... 9
5. RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY, MAINTAINABILITY ANALYSIS ........................................ 10
5.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION......................................................................................... 10
5.1.1 Oil Offloading ............................................................................................. 10
5.1.2 Buoy Body .................................................................................................. 10
5.1.3 Flexible Hose system ................................................................................. 11
5.2 FAILURE AND REPAIR DATA ................................................................................ 13
5.3 RELIABILITY BLOCK DIAGRAM............................................................................. 15
5.3.1 Oil Offloading RBD ..................................................................................... 15
5.3.2 Buoy RBD .................................................................................................. 15
5.3.3 Floating Hose RBD..................................................................................... 15
5.4 RESULTS................................................................................................................. 16
6. AVSIM+ RESULTS................................................................................................................ 17
6.1 AVSIM+ SOFTWARE............................................................................................... 17
6.2 AVSIM+ RELIABILITY BLOCK DIAGRAMS ............................................................ 18
6.2.1 Offloading sub-system RBD ....................................................................... 18
6.2.2 OOLs sub-system RBD .............................................................................. 19
6.2.3 Buoy sub-system RBD ............................................................................... 20
6.2.4 Floating hoses sub-system RBD ................................................................ 21
6.3 AVSIM+ RESULTS .................................................................................................. 22
6.3.1 Network component data ........................................................................... 22
6.3.2 Network system data.................................................................................. 23
7. DEFINITION OF TERMS USED IN THE RAM ...................................................................... 24

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1. GENERAL
1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW
The AKPO field is situated in the Oil Processing Lease (OPL) 246 some 200km South
of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The water depth over the field is in the range 1300-1450m.
The development comprises of a Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO)

unit, spread moored within 2000m SSW of a Remote Buoy Offloading System (CALM
Buoy).
The FPSO itself is located at the following grid coordinates (referring to the new
coordinate system “New (2004) TOTAL Nigeria Offshore Datum” which uses the
WGS84 spheroid and considers the Central Meridian of 6º East for the projection,
Easting (m): 591 422.31

Northing (m): 347 199.69
Crude oil is delivered from FPSO to CALM Buoy by means of twin 16” asymmetric U
steel Oil Offloading Lines (OOLs). The OOLs are suspended at each end (FPSO and
CALM Buoy) by means of flexible joints.
Several times per week the Buoy is used to moor VLCC tankers of opportunity, which
are loaded with crude at a maximum rate of 6, 600 cubic metres per hour. The crude
is then transported on shore by these export tankers.
SBM has been awarded the contract to design, fabricate and supply the CALM Buoy,
the anchoring system, the mooring equipment and the offloading hoses.
1.2 CALM BUOY DESCRIPTION
The Oil Loading Terminal (OLT) consists of a floating buoy anchored to the seabed
by semi-taut anchoring lines, secured to suction anchors, at 1285m water depth. An
elastic mooring hawser (100% double nylon Grommet) holds the tanker captive to a
turntable, which is mounted on top of the buoy by means of a slewing bearing.
This bearing allows the turntable to freely weathervane so that the tanker can take up
the position of least resistance to the prevailing weather at all times. Fluid product is
transferred from the FPSO via the Buoy system (a central pipe swivel with single
product paths) to the export tanker by a floating hose system.
The system is designed for 20 years site life duration and shall be classed according
to the Bureau Veritas Rules for the Classification of Offshore Units.

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1.3 SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT
The objective of this document is to provide a Reliability, Availability & Maintainability

(RAM) Analysis of the AKPO buoy system, including the OOLs, the buoy (fluid swivel,
electrical swivel, HPU & Valves, instrumentation) and the floating hoses so as to
demonstrate that the proposed design meets the availability target for the buoy
system as defined in the ‘AKPO field development project’ document (See Section
1.5 Ref [8]).
The latter document states in section 6.6 the following:
“The maintenance philosophy shall limit the continuous downtime of the

OLT to no more than three days and two (2) percent cumulative per year
throughout the 20-year lifetime of the system”.
Hence:
• The total days of downtime per year should not exceed 2% cumulative per
year, i.e. 7.3 cumulative days per year.
• Each downtime should not exceed three consecutive days.
The AKPO Operation and Maintenance Manual provides all the procedures relative to
the maintenance operations (See section 1.5 Ref [6]).
The Telemetry and pressure protection systems are not addressed in this document.
1.4 ABBREVIATIONS
HPU Hydraulic Power Unit

MBC Marine Breakaway Coupling
MDT (1) Mean Down Time
MTBF (1) Mean Time Between Failures
MTTR (1) Mean Time To Repair
OOL Oil Offloading Line
OLS Oil Loading System
OREDA Offshore Reliability Database
RAM Reliability, Availability & Maintainability
RBD (1) Reliability Block Diagram
SBM Single Buoy Moorings, inc.
(1)
See Section 7 for a definition of these terms.

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1.5 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
The latest revisions of the SBM document should be used.
[1] Mallard/Teal, Swivel Stack, Reliability & Availability, Dovre Safetec for SBM Inc,
February 1994, Report No. SB 8770.5.0460.9.033902, Rev A.
[2] OREDA 2002, 4th Edition, Offshore Reliability Database, DNV.
[3] Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Hazard Identification Assessment and
Control, Volume 1, 2nd Edition 1996, Frank P Lees, Butterworth/Heinmann.
[4] Deepwater Buoy Piping P&ID, SO17370-DTM64012 / TOTAL # NG50 -3-214-

REQ-DW-AB-89-0077
[5] Deepwater Buoy Process Design Basis, SO17370-STM64026 / TOTAL # NG50

-3-214-REQ-SP-AB-89-0268
[6] Deepwater Buoy Operation and Maintenance Manual, SO17370-MMM94001

TOTAL # NG50 -3-214-REQ-SP-AB-89-0162
[7] AVSIM+ manual by Isograph
[8] OLT Design data and Functional Specification; NG50-3-BE-OFF-PS-AB-000-

261-Rev 4C

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ANALYSIS
2. METHODOLOGY
A Reliability, Availability & Maintainability (RAM) Analysis of the AKPO buoy system
has been performed by assessing the overall performance of the buoy system design
quantified in terms of the availability of the following main subsystems:
o OOLs: from the FPSO to the buoy inlet
o Buoy
o Floating hoses: from the buoy to the export tanker
Each sub-system has been described by a chain of sub-components (Reliability Block

Diagram). The overall availability is based on each sub-component failure rate and
repair characteristics.
The source data used for this calculation is OREDA and SBM’s own data. SBM has a
large experience of equipment change-out and repair on buoy systems. Repair times
were therefore obtained from SBM’s Senior Engineers and from previous projects
lessons learnt.
The Reliability Block Diagrams have been built and computed using Monte Carlo
simulation software (AVSIM+) leading to the availability figures software.
3. ASSUMPTIONS
The most fundamental assumption for this analysis is:
It is assumed that the facilities are maintained, operated and inspected to

international standards, by personnel who are qualified, competent, trained and
experienced.
1. Failures outwith the control and influence of the design, such as poor operation
and maintenance, are not considered.
2. It is assumed that preventative maintenance is performed in strict accordance

with SBM maintenance manual. Therefore the given failure rates are constant
over the life of that particular component.
3. All systems are manufactured by qualified suppliers with a recognised quality

system and subjected to extensive inspection, test, pre-commissioning and
final commissioning. It is, therefore, assumed that the system assurance is
unaffected by errors in manufacture and/or installation, and are thus not
considered in the failure modes.

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4. CONCLUSION
The mean availability over lifetime (20 years) for the AKPO buoy system including
the OOLs, the buoy and the floating hoses is 98.89 % with a total downtime of 1938
hours, i.e 4 days per year, which is less than two (2) percent cumulative per year i.e.
7 days as requested by TOTAL.
This target is therefore met.

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5. RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY, MAINTAINABILITY ANALYSIS (RAM)
5.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
5.1.1 Oil Offloading
Stabilized crude oil is transferred from the FPSO to the buoy by Oil Offloading Lines
(OOLs) which are connected to centre well pipe runs. Each OOL connection is
achieved by a flex-joint riser clamp, which is integrated into the buoy body.
There are two oil offloading lines (OOLs) carrying the crude from the FPSO to the
CALM Buoy.
The centre well accommodates the built-in receptacles, one for each OOL
attachment.
The OOLs are designed and supplied by CONTRACTOR up to the flexjoints, as well
as the receptacles.
5.1.2 Buoy Body
The swivel stack consists of 2 units: the single path Central Pipe (fluid) Swivel and the
Electrical Swivel.
The piping on the buoy connects the OOLs to the floating hoses and consists of:
• Piping in centre well (including pigging loop),
• Product swivel,
• Piping on turntable.
5.1.2.1 Central Pipe Swivel
Rotation is afforded by a 3-race roller bearing, which is positioned between the

support flanges of the fixed and rotating parts of the swivel. The fixed part of the
swivel is connected to the buoy body and the rotating part is connected to the buoy
turntable.
The swivel unit provides passage of crude oil, whilst at the same time allowing
weathervaning movements of the buoy turntable to which it is attached.
In the centre, a conduit is provided for the passage of the electric cables.

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ANALYSIS
Scheduled maintenance is limited to bearing greasing and bolt tension checking. The
rotating part can be jacked up for in situ seal replacement.
5.1.2.2 Electrical Swivel
The Electrical Swivel is composed of a set of electrical slip rings housed in an

Explosion proof AISI 316L stainless steel enclosure.
Electrical cable connectors to enclosure are also explosion proof, so the swivel can
operate in a hazardous area.
The electric swivel allows transfer of signals from the buoy body to the telemetry unit
on the rotating turntable.
5.1.2.3 Turntable
The turntable piping forms the fluid connection between the fluid swivel and the
floating hoses.
One 24” diameter line is provided on the turntable. A 24” butterfly valve will be located
above the hose connection spool to avoid any spill during hose disconnection.
Facility is also provided to empty the turntable piping by means of vents and a 6”
drain when hose disconnection is required.
5.1.3 Flexible Hose system
The fluid transfer from the turntable piping to the export tanker inlet manifold consists
of one floating hose string of dual carcass hoses with a 24” main line and two 16” tail
lines in parallel.
One 16” Marine Breakaway Coupling (MBC), double closure type, is provided on
each tail line, in a staggered position, one or two hoses downstream the floating Y-
piece (for the inner and outer line respectively).
The double closure breakaway coupling device provided on each hose floating
assembly is capable of sealing the annulus of the hose in the event of an axial
overload caused by an event such as a tanker moving off station. The MBC can also
be activated by overpressure to protect against excessive surge pressures that may
be accidentally caused by sudden valve closure at the export tanker side.
It will then open either by over-tension due to the breaking of the mooring hawser, or
by surge event, or by a combination of both.

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ANALYSIS
The coupling is re-usable after resetting and replacement of its consumable parts
(titanium break studs, hydraulic oil ...).

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5.2 FAILURE AND REPAIR DATA
SBM has a large experience of equipment change-out and repair on buoy systems.
Repair times were therefore obtained from SBM’s Senior Engineers and from
previous projects lessons learnt.
Repair times for critical equipment have been detailed in the following table. The
‘Source’ column states where the data has been obtained.
EQUIPMENT FAILURE RATE DATA REPAIR TIME DATA

NOTES
MTBF MTTR
Description Source Source
(hours) (hours)
Product Swivel 43 800 SBM own 120 SBM own
reliability reliability Data
Data
Electrical 43 800 SBM own 120 SBM own
swivel reliability reliability Data
Data
HPU 39 216 OREDA- 7 OREDA-2002 Based on
2002 p.811 p. 811 mean failure
rate / repair
Ball Valve 35 016 OREDA- 4.7 OREDA-2002 Based on
slams shut 2002 p.689 p.689 ESD Ball
Failure to open Valve mean
/ close on critical
demand, failure rate /
spurious repair
operation,
structural
deficiency
Butterfly Valve 61 320 SBM own 72 SBM own

Data
16” Marine 131 400 SBM own 72 SBM own
Breakaway reliability reliability Data
Coupling Data
(MBC)
Floating hoses 17 520 SBM own 24 SBM own
Data

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ANALYSIS
REPAIR TIME DATA

EQUIPMENT FAILURE RATE DATA
NOTES
MTBF MTTR
Description Source Source
(days) (hours)
Anchoring 219 000 SBM own 720 SBM own
System reliability reliability Data
Data
Main Roller 87 600 SBM own 192 SBM own Main Roller
Bearing reliability reliability Data Bearing
Data cannot be
repaired, it
must be
changed in
case of
failure. Note
that the
bearing is
designed for
a minimum
of 20 year
life.

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5.3 RELIABILITY BLOCK DIAGRAM
The process of drawing a reliability block diagram (RBD) assists in the system
synthesis. RBDs present the logical interaction between equipment and display
reliability interrelationships (See section 6.2).
The system has been divided in three main sub-systems arranged in series:
• OOLs: from FPSO to Buoy
• Buoy
• Floating Hoses: from buoy to export tanker
5.3.1 Oil Offloading RBD: from the FPSO to the buoy
This sub-system is composed of two parallel systems, each made of one 16”
offloading line. Even if the two underbuoy valves (Full Bore Ball valve 16”) are part of
the buoy system, they have been included in the Oil Offloading sub-system in a serial
arrangement with each offloading line.
5.3.2 Buoy RBD
This sub-system is composed of 6 blocks of element arranged in series:

• Anchoring system
• Shut Down Ball Valve 24” (SDV89106)
• Product swivel
• Electrical swivel
• HPU
• Roller bearing.
5.3.3 Floating Hose RBD: from the buoy to the export tanker
The floating hose sub-system is composed of one 24” main line in series with two 16”
tail line in parallel.
Each tail line is fitted, in series, with an MBC and a butterfly valve at connection to
tanker manifold.

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5.4 RESULTS
The AVSIM+ results give an overall availability of 98.89% (1.11% unavailability), for
the AKPO buoy system including the OOLs, the buoy and the floating hoses.
The average unavailability and availability over the lifetime of the system and sub-
systems are presented in the table below:
System Unavailability Availability
OOLs system: from the FPSO to the buoy 9.441E-6 99.9998 %

Buoy 0.0110 98.89 %
Floating hoses: from the buoy to the export 1.866E-6 99.9998 %
tanker
Offloading system 0.0111 98.89 %
The total downtime associated over 20 years (175 200 hours) lifetime is 1 938 hours,
i.e 4 days per year, which is less than two (2) percent cumulative per year i.e. 7 days
as requested by the Client (see section 1.2).

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6. AVSIM+ RESULTS
6.1 AVSIM+ SOFTWARE

AvSim+ is a powerful availability and reliability simulator capable of analysing complex and dependent
systems efficiently and accurately. AvSim’s algorithms have been developed and enhanced over the
past 15 years by Isograph’s experienced team of reliability engineers, mathematicians and
programmers. AvSim+ capabilities extend far beyond analysing the availability and reliability of complex
systems.
In AvSim+ the logical interaction of failures, and how they affect system performance, are modelled
using a network diagram or fault tree. These diagrams may be used to model failure and success or
levels of throughput in the system. Consequences are then assigned to any level of the logical diagram
to indicate the effects of failures (financial, operational, safety and environmental). Labour, spares and
failure data may be imported or directly entered into the program together with any operational phase
information and task group assignments. AvSim+ will then analyse your system using efficient Monte
Carlo simulation algorithms to provide availability and reliability parameters, life cycle costs, importance
rankings etc. You may also optimise spare holdings and planned maintenance intervals.
AvSim+ allows you to quickly construct fault tree or network diagrams (reliability block diagrams) using
drag and drop facilities. Simply choose the preferred method to represent the failure logic of your system
from the tabs at the top of the AvSim+ window and place the fault tree or block symbols in your diagram.
Whichever method you choose there is a powerful pagination facility which allows you to organise large
and complex projects.
The screen shot below shows a typical network diagram:


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ANALYSIS
6.2 AVSIM+ RELIABILITY BLOCK DIAGRAMS
6.2.1 Offloading global system
As presented in section 5.3, the following representation shows the high level
hierarchy which is then detailed in the following sections.
System OFFLOADING
Page 3 Page 2 Page 4

OOL BUOY FLOATING HOSE
From FPSO to the Buoy From Buoy to
buoy sub-system sub-system export tanker
sub-system
0 %, Am=1 0 %, Am=0.989 0 %, Am=1

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ANALYSIS
6.2.2 OOLs sub-system
Sub-system OOL See page 1
OOL-1 Ball Valve 1

Offloading Line 1 Ball valve OOL 1
Hose Failure, MTTF=17520, 100 %, MTTR=24 Ball valve failure, MTTF=35016, 100 % , MTTR=4.7
0 %, Am=0.9987 0 %, Am=0.9999
OOL-2 Ball Valve 2

Offloading Line 2 Ball valve OOL 2
Hose Failure, MTTF=17520, 100 %, MTTR=24 Ball valve failure, MTTF=35016, 100 % , MTTR=4.7
0 %, Am=0.9986 0 %, Am=0.9999

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6.2.3 Buoy sub-system
Sub-system BUOY See page 1
Anchor System VALVE BEARING HPU PRODUCT SWIVEL ELECTRICAL SWIVEL
Anchor SDV 89106 Main Roller Hydraulic Power Product Swivel Electrical Swivel
Bearing Unit
Anchoring System failure, MTTF=219000, 100 % , MTTR=72 Ball valve failure, MTTF=35016, 100 % , MTTR=4.7 Bearing, MTTF=87600, 100 %, MTTR =192 HPU, MTTF=39216, 100 %, MTTR=7 Product Swivel failure, MTTF=43800, 100 % , MTTR=120 E lectrical Swivel failure, MTTF=43800, 100 % , MTTR=120
0 %, Am=0.9968 0 %, Am=0.9999 0 %, Am=0.9978 0 %, Am=0.9998 0 %, Am=0.9973 0 %, Am=0.9974


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6.2.4 Floating hoses sub-system
Sub-system FLOATING HOSE See page 1
Floating Line 1 MBC 1 BUTTERFLY VALVE 1
Hose 1 MBC 1 Butterfly Valve 1
Hose Failure, MTTF=17520, 100 %, MTTR=24 MB C Failure, MTTF=131400, 100 % , MTTR=72 Butterfly valve, MTTF=61320, 100 % , MTTR=72
0 %, Am=0.9986 Am=0.9995 0 %, Am=0.9988
Floating Line 2 MBC 2 BUTTERFLY VALVE 2
Hose 2 MBC 2 Butterfly Valve 2
Hose Failure, MTTF=17520, 100 %, MTTR=24 MB C Failure, MTTF=131400, 100 % , MTTR=72 Butterfly valve, MTTF=61320, 100 % , MTTR=72
0 %, Am=0.9986 Am=0.9994 0 %, Am=0.9988


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6.3 AVSIM+ RESULTS
6.3.1 Network Components Unavailability
Mean Number Of
Total Unavailability Unreliability
ID Description Failure Model Unavailability Expected
Down At Lifetime At
Over Lifetime Failures
Time Lifetime
OOL-1 Offloading Line 1 Hose Failure 0.0013 9.82 235.94 0.0030 1.0000
OOL-2 Offloading Line 2 Hose Failure 0.0014 10.0 240.72 0.0020 1.0000
Ball Valve 1 Ball valve OOL 1 Ball valve failure 0.0001 5.04 23.59 0.0000 0.9910
Ball Valve 2 Ball valve OOL 2 Ball valve failure 0.0001 4.9 22.88 0.0000 0.9950
VALVE SDV 89106 Ball valve failure 0.0001 5.02 24.33 0.0000 0.9910
PRODUCT Product Swivel

Product Swivel 0.0027 4.0 475.66 0.0010 0.9870
SWIVEL failure
ELECTRICAL Electrical Swivel

Electrical Swivel 0.0026 4.01 459.6 0.0030 0.9800
SWIVEL failure
Anchoring
Anchor System Anchor System 0.0032 0.76 564.26 0.0040 0.5350
failure
Floating Line 1 Hose 1 Hose Failure 0.0014 10.15 247.61 0.0020 1.0000
MBC 1 MBC 1 MBC Failure 0.0005 1.3 95.95 0.0000 0.7280
BUTTERFLY
Butterfly Valve 1 Butterfly valve 0.0012 2.81 202.85 0.0000 0.9370
VALVE 1
Floating Line 2 Hose 2 Hose Failure 0.0014 9.97 241.69 0.0000 1.0000
MBC 2 MBC 2 MBC Failure 0.0006 1.37 99.83 0.0000 0.7770
BUTTERFLY
Butterfly Valve 2 Butterfly valve 0.0012 2.87 203.32 0.0010 0.9540
VALVE 2
BEARING Main Roller Bearing Bearing 0.0022 2.03 385.93 0.0020 0.8680
Hydraulic Power
HPU HPU 0.0002 4.59 31.79 0.0000 0.9930
Unit

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ANALYSIS
6.3.2 Network System and Sub-System unavailability
In the table below, the first row (labelled “OFFLOADING”) corresponds to the total
system composed of the following rows in the table.
Mean
Number Of Unavailability Unreliability
ID Description Unavailability Total
Expected At At
Over Lifetime Down
Failures Lifetime Lifetime
Time
OFFLOADING Offloading 0.0111 20.35 1937.55 0.0100 1.0000
BUOY Buoy sub-system 0.0110 20.23 1935.57 0.0100 1.0000
OOL From FPSO to the buoy 1.866E-6 0.05 0.33 0.0000 0.0450
sub-system
FLOATING HOSE From Buoy to export tanker 9.441E-6 0.07 1.65 0.0000 0.0640
sub-system

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ANALYSIS
7. DEFINITION OF TERMS USED IN THE RAM
Availability The ability of an item to be in a state to perform a required function, under stated conditions
at a given instant of time or over a given time interval.
Up Time [Mean Time Between Failures]

Availability =
Total Time [Up time + MTTR + Mean Logistic Delay]
It should be noted that the term Production Availability is often used when describing the
Production Efficiency of a system (see below). Although this term is not strictly correct,
since availability should only be used in the context of time, it is widely used in the industry.
Failure Mode The effect by which a failure is observed. Within a very detailed model, a valve can have
several modes of failure, such as: fails to operate on demand, external leak etc. A high
level model of a system may include the following general failure modes:
CRT General critical failure resulting in 100% production loss.
DEG Degraded equipment performance, resulting in partial production loss whilst
waiting for repair and 100% loss during repair.
INC Incipient failure. Equipment failure which did not result in immediate production
loss. The failure was found during other repair/scheduled maintenance activities. 100%
loss during repair.
UNK No impact details recorded in database. Assumed to be no impact on failure and
100% loss of equipment item on repair.
Failure Rate The number of failures of an item per unit time. This can be applied to:
• Observed failure rate: as computed from a sample.
• Assessed failure rate: as inferred from sample information.
• Extrapolated failure rate: projected to other stress levels.
Reliability The probability that an item can perform a required function under stated conditions for a
given period of time. NB The term reliability may also be used to denote the probability of
success or success ratio.
Maintainability The probability that a given maintenance action, for an item under stated conditions of use,
can be carried out within a given time interval. The maintenance is performed under stated
conditions and using stated procedures and resources.
Mean Time To The average time between consecutive failures – calculated by dividing the cumulative
Failure (MTTF) observed time by the total number of failures. This term only applies to components with
exponential failure distributions.
Mean Time To It is a measure of the average time taken to diagnose and restore failed equipment to an
Repair (MTTR) operational state. It does not include logistic delays.
Reliability Block A pictorial representation of the logical interdependencies (parallel or series paths) required
Diagram (RBD) for the system under analysis to function correctly.

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OFFICIAL COPY - PDF Generated on 16-Jul-2007 4:50PM

NIGERIA - OML 130 AKPO

CONTRACTOR Review Status: Reserved to Reserved to COMPANY

Code 3 Rejected Rejected Code 3

Name: Date: As Built final acceptance Code 5

0 16-Jul-2007 Issue For Review C. Haye J-M. Guillemaut L. Fromage

Rev. Date DESIGNATION Initiator Reviewed by Approved by

Document number Rev. St. Cl.

EUROPEAN MARITIME COMMERCE BV

Head Office Engineering Office

RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY & MAINTAINABILITY

Status/ Date No of Group Leader EPM Approval for

C1 16-Jul-2007 24 C. HAYE J-M Guillemaut J-M Guillemaut L. Fromage

 Copyright Single Buoy Moorings Inc 2007 Ex No. : SB81384

NIGERIA - OML 130 AKPO

REVISION STATUS / SUMMARY OF CHANGES

REVISION REVISED CHAPTERS REVISION DESCRIPTION REASON FOR REVISION

C1 N/A First Issue First issue For Comments

NIGERIA - OML 130 AKPO

NIGERIA - OML 130 AKPO

1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW

The development comprises of a Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO)

Easting (m): 591 422.31

1.2 CALM BUOY DESCRIPTION

NIGERIA - OML 130 AKPO

1.3 SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT

The objective of this document is to provide a Reliability, Availability & Maintainability

The latter document states in section 6.6 the following:

“The maintenance philosophy shall limit the continuous downtime of the

HPU Hydraulic Power Unit

NIGERIA - OML 130 AKPO

1.5 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

The latest revisions of the SBM document should be used.

[2] OREDA 2002, 4th Edition, Offshore Reliability Database, DNV.

[4] Deepwater Buoy Piping P&ID, SO17370-DTM64012 / TOTAL # NG50 -3-214-

[5] Deepwater Buoy Process Design Basis, SO17370-STM64026 / TOTAL # NG50

[6] Deepwater Buoy Operation and Maintenance Manual, SO17370-MMM94001

[7] AVSIM+ manual by Isograph

[8] OLT Design data and Functional Specification; NG50-3-BE-OFF-PS-AB-000-

NIGERIA - OML 130 AKPO

Each sub-system has been described by a chain of sub-components (Reliability Block

The most fundamental assumption for this analysis is:

It is assumed that the facilities are maintained, operated and inspected to

2. It is assumed that preventative maintenance is performed in strict accordance

3. All systems are manufactured by qualified suppliers with a recognised quality

NIGERIA - OML 130 AKPO

NIGERIA - OML 130 AKPO

5. RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY, MAINTAINABILITY ANALYSIS (RAM)

5.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

5.1.1 Oil Offloading

5.1.2 Buoy Body

5.1.2.1 Central Pipe Swivel

Rotation is afforded by a 3-race roller bearing, which is positioned between the

NIGERIA - OML 130 AKPO

5.1.2.2 Electrical Swivel

The Electrical Swivel is composed of a set of electrical slip rings housed in an

5.1.3 Flexible Hose system

NIGERIA - OML 130 AKPO

NIGERIA - OML 130 AKPO