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SCIENCE 6
SJA SELF-LEARNING KIT NO. 5

SUBJECT AND GRADE LEVEL: TEACHER:

Science Ms. Winnie Queeny S. Quetua

QUARTER: Second Quarter

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES (MELCS):

The learner…
The learners demonstrate understanding the different characteristics of vertebrates and
invertebrates

I. INTRODUCTION
Our world is filled with many animals—from the smallest crawling creatures to the gigantic
mammals on land and in water. Studying animal diversity makes us appreciate the many things that
Mother Nature has given us. It allows us to understand the vital roles played by animals in our
ecosystems. In this learning kit, you will understand the distinguishing features of two main groups of
animals—vertebrates and invertebrates. You will also be able to name some representative examples
for these two groups.

TABLE OF ALL THE LESSON OP-SIENA GRADUATE ATTRIBUTE

Lesson 6: Classification of Animals

II. PRE-ASSESSMENT
Determine what type of animal is described by each of the following stanzas. Write your answers on
the blanks.

1.___________________________
In marine ecosystems, I usually thrive,
Pores on the surface, that’s what I have,
Considered simplest in the animal tribe,
In some cases, linked with square pants.

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 2.___________________________
On the shoreline, we proliferate,
Depths of the sea, we also invade,
Spines on our bodies, that’s our trade,
By tube feet, our movements are made.

3.____________________________
In bodies of water, we are prevalent,
Scales are embedded on our bodies,
Breathing is made possible through our gills,
We usually end up on your luncheon plates.

4.____________________________
Soft-bodied animals, that’s what they call us,
In bodies of water, we are really abundant,
Damp terrestrial lands, we also thrive,
Some are with shells, while others don’t have.

5._______________________________
Animals with dual life, that’s what we are,
Can survive and thrive in both water and land,
Frogs and salamanders belong to this clan,
Known to have evolved after a very long drought.

6. _______________________________
We are the most diverse in the animal kingdom,
Can be in the sea or creepers on the land,
Tough body covering, that’s one in our kind,
Joint-legged animals, that’s what we are.

7. _______________________________
Our bodies are covered with hair,
We rear our offspring through our milk,
With four-chambered heart and truly warm blooded,
Considered as the most complex among the vertebrates.

8. _______________________________
Stinging cells, that’s what we possess,
All of us dwell in sea’s greater depths,
Corals and hydra, as well as jellyfishes,
Some of the group’s best representatives.

9. _______________________________
Feathers and beak are among our features,
As well as appendages covered with scales,
Female counterparts can lay eggs,
Though all endowed with wings, some cannot flee.

10. _______________________________
We are mostly crawling and creepy creatures,
Some are round, flat, or segmented,

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 Some dwell in decaying environments,
While others cause harm in living systems.

III. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the topic, students will be able to… :

compare the characteristic structures of vertebrates and invertebrates: detect ways that these
organisms are alike and different
identify specific invertebrate and vertebrate groups based on a description of characteristic
illustrate the different kinds of vertebrates and invertebrates by their distinctive difference
classify an animal into a particular group based on its characteristics.

IV. PLATFORMS:
Google Meet
Google Classroom
CLE (Aralinks)

V. NEED TO DISCOVER

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 VI. NEED TO DISCUSS

Invertebrates animals

The Animal Kingdom is divided into 35 different phyla. These phyla can be classified into 2 groups
(vertebrates/invertebrates) based on external & internal physical traits. All animals share several
common characteristics:

1) Their bodies are multicellular.

2) They are heterotroph (cannot make their own food) and must get their energy by eating plants or
other animals. herbivores (eat plants), carnivores (eat meat), omnivores (eat plants and meat);
detrivores (eat dead material) o Their major functions are to
3) obtain food and oxygen for energy,
4) keep their internal conditions in balance,
5) move,
6) reproduce (mostly sexual reproduction), and
7) remove waste

Invertebrates comprise the remaining phyla of the Animal Kingdom. They include sponges,
segmented worms, echinoderms, mollusks, and arthropods. Invertebrates share certain
characteristics:
- They do NOT have backbones or internal skeletons. They are more simple organisms. Some have
external skeletons, called exoskeletons.

- Invertebrates can be classified based on their shape (symmetry).

Radial symmetry: many lines of symmetry that pass through a central point (Ex. pie plates, bicycle
wheels) Bilateral symmetry: One line of symmetry that splits the object in half (Ex. spoon, eyeglass)
 Asymmetry: not symmetrical (Ex. Lumpy clay ball)

Sponges

Very simple animals that have many pores (holes) through which water is filtered. Water moves into a
central cavity and out through a hole in the top. Sponges obtain their food and eliminate wastes
through this passage of water. Filter feeders: have specialized cells for obtaining food and dissolved
oxygen from the water.

Examples: Sponges (Barrel Sponge, StovePipe Sponge, Vase Sponge, Branching Tube
Sponge)

Cnidarians
Cnidarians means “stingers”: use stingers to capture their prey and to defend themselves Radial
symmetry

Ex: jellyfish, sea anemones, corals, hydra

Segmented worms Annelid name for segmented worm (anusmeans ring) Have long tubelike bodies
that are divided into segments.

They are the simplest organisms with a true nervous system and blood contained in vessels.
A long digestive tube runs down the length of the worm’s inner body. Worms take in dissolved oxygen
from the water through their skin.

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 Most are predators and decomposers. They obtain food using a mouth, then digest their food.
Bilateral symmetry

Ex: earthworms, leeches, seafloor worms Echinoderms

means “spinyskinned”spines for protection
Fivepart radial symmetry: have 5 arms that extend from the middle body outwards.
A water vascular system that has fluidfilled tubes that when filled act as suction cups: allows them to
move, exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen, capture food, and release waste
Ex: sea stars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers , sea urchins, sand dollar.

Mollusks
Have unsegmented soft bodies; most have a thick muscular foot for movement, eating, or to open and
close their shells. Some are filterfeeders. They have more developed body systems than sponges or
worms. They take in oxygen through gills or lungs, and some have shells. Bilateral symmetry

Ex: octopi, squid, snails, slugs (no shell), clams, oysters, scallops, cuttlefish, na utilus

Arthropods
Arthropod means “jointed foot”. Have jointed legs, segmented bodies, some have wings, exoskeletons
(hard outer covering), mandible jaws for chewing food. They obtain oxygen from the air through gills
or spiracles (air tubes) Bilateral symmetry

Ex: insects (flies, ants, beetles, bees, grasshoppers), centipedes and millipedes, arachnids (spiders,
ticks, scorpions), and crustaceans (lobsters, shrimp, crabs)

Vertebrate Animals

Vertebrates comprise only one phylum of animals. They include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and
mammals.

Vertebrates share certain physical characteristics:

 They have backbones, an internal skeleton (endoskeleton) for muscle attachment and growth,
and muscles.
 They have blood that circulates through blood vessels and lungs (or gills) for breathing. They
have a protective skin covering.
 Most have legs, wings, or fins for movement.
 They have a nervous system w/ a brain that processes information from their environment
through sensory organs. They are more complex organisms.

Vertebrates differ in the way that they control their body temperature.In some (fishes, amphibians, and
reptiles), their body temperature is close to that of their environment. They are considered cold-
blooded, or ectothermic. In others (birds and mammals), their body temperature stays constant
regardless of the temperature of the environment. They are called warmblooded, or endothermic.

Fish
Are coldblooded (ectothermic); most obtain dissolved oxygen in water through gills; most lay eggs;
have scales; have fins; and live in water.

Amphibians
Are coldblooded (ectothermic); most can breathe in adults; go through metamorphosis; lay jellylike
eggs.The major groups of amphibians are frogs, toads, and Frogs and salamanders have smooth,

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 moist skin, part of their life in water and part on land. Toads have thicker, bumpy skin and live on land.
Reptiles Are coldblooded (ectothermic); breathe with lungs; most lay amniotic (covered)
eggs,although in so me the eggs hatch inside the female; and have scales or plates. Eggs, skin, and
kidneys are adapted to conserve water

Ex: snakes, lizards, turtles, alligators, and crocodiles

Birds

Are warmblooded (endothermic); breathe with lungs; lay eggs; have feathers; and have a beak, two
wings, and two feet. Most are adapted to fly

Mammals

Are warmblooded (endothermic); breathe with lungs; most have babies that skin covered with fur or
hair; and nourish young with milk produced by mother. The 3 types of mammals are: Monotremes (ex.
platypus). Marsupials (ex. kangaroo, opossum), and Placentals (ex. human, horse).

VII. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Answer the following questions circle the letter of the correct answer.

1) Which are vertebrates?

a. hamster b. crab c. koala d. spider

2) Which are vertebrates?

a. alligator b. fish c. dolphin d. bird

3) What do all vertebrates have in common?

a. They live on land. b. They all have a hard internal skeleton or backbone.
c. They all have legs. d. They are all warm blooded.

4) Vertebrates include which types of animals?

a. Mammals b. Fish c. Amphibians d. Reptiles e. All of the following

5) Which are invertebrates?

a. frog b. dragonfly c. worms d. fish

6) Which are invertebrates?

a. spider b. crab c. bird d. starfish

7) What do all invertebrates have in common?

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 a) They all have a soft skeleton made of fluid. b) They all have a hard external skeleton.
c) They don't have a hard internal skeleton d) They are all cold blooded.

8) Invertebrates include which types of animals?

a) Protozoa b) Mollusks c) Crustaceans d) Insects e) All of the following

9) Which of the following is a characteristic shared by all animals?

a. Their bodies have many cells b. They eat autotrophs.

c.They reproduce asexually. d. They have skeletons.

10) An animal has bilateral symmetry if .

a. no lines can be drawn to divide the animal into halves that are mirror images.
b. many lines can be drawn to divide the animal into halves that are mirror images.
c. one line can be drawn to divide the animal into halves that are mirror images.
d. any line through the center of the animal divides it into halves that are mirror images.

11) Which of the following is true of all mollusks?

a. They have shells. b.They have segments.

c. They have soft bodies. d. They have gills.

12) An arthropod’s tough outer covering is called

a. an endoskeleton
b. an exoskeleton
c. armor
d. a mantle

13) Fish take in oxygen through their .

a. fins b. gills c. scales c. vertebrae

14) Birds are the only animals that have

a. scales b. feathers c. nests d. a heart w/ 4 chambers

15) An animal whose body temperature does not change much, even when the
temperature of the environment changes, is called .

a. a temperature regulator b. a coldblooded animal c. an endotherm d. an ectotherm

16) Which of the following are all endotherms?

a. reptiles and amphibians b. birds and mammals c. fish and birds d. reptiles and
mammals

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 17) This animal is a

. A. reptile B. amphibian C. mammal D. cnidarian

18) This animal has

.
A. an exoskeleton B. jointed limbs C. a segmented body D. all of the following

19) This animal belongs to the group of invertebrates called .

A. arthropods C. echinoderms
B. cnidarians D. mollusks

VIII. VALUES STATEMENT

Answer the following questions.

1. Why we need to take care the animals?

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

2. As a student How can you take care the animals?

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Answer the following activities.

Book Activity (Refresh page 176)

Book Activity (Refresh page 192)

IX. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

Book Activity (Zoom In page 180-182)

Book Activity (Zoom In page 194-197)
Book Activity (Activity 20 Click On page 176-177)
Book Activity (Activity 22 Click On page 192-193)

X. SYNTHESIS

Write a paragraph showing at least five key concepts that you have learned from the lesson.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

XI. ASSIGNMENT

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 Classification: Animal Characteristics Use this worksheet to organize the characteristics of each
group of animals. First, write your observations about each group as you play with species
cards. Then, take notes and draw examples of each animal group during presentations

REFERENCES:
Books
 Adduru-Quilang, Myrna .Ph D. 2018.Cyber Science. Rev 6 .Rex Book store Inc.Philipines.
 Abracia,Ed,D. Jordan. Ramos. 2013. Science in our world.Vibal Publisher House. Inc.
Web Sites
 https://youtu.be/sC75G3x6xNo

Prepared by:

Ms. Winnie Queeny S. Quetua

Subject Teacher

Checked by: Noted by:

Mrs. Perlita Solomon Sr. Enriqueta B. Arnaiz, O.P.

SATL-Science Director/Principal

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