PIB compilation april 2024 Leagacy IAS

PIB
Compilation
April 2024
Important topics
covered:
Ayushman Bharat Health Account
Recognition of Matabari Pera and
Pachra with GI Tags
Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi Scheme
Clean Energy Transitions
Programme
Parivartan Chintan Tri Service
Conference
APRIL 2024 – PIB COMPILATION
GS1:
History, Art & Culture Pg- 1 International Relations

Pg- 11
1 Lalit Kala Akademi 1 ASEAN Future Forum
GS-3
GS2:
Indian Economy
Polity & Constitution Pg-3
Pg- 13
1 CBDT Signs 125 Advance
1 Suvidha Portal Pricing Agreements in FY
2023-24
2 India's Defence Exports
Surge to Record High in FY
Social Justice & Governance 2023-24
Pg- 4 3 Recognition of Matabari Pera
and Pachra with GI Tags
1 SARATHI App
4 RoDTEP scheme
2 Ayushman Bharat Health
Account 5 Critical Minerals
3 CDP-SURAKSHA Platform
4 Sainik Schools
5 C-Vigil App Industry & Infrastructure
6 Department of Telecom Pg- 19
Directs Deactivation of USSD- 1 Clean Energy Transitions
Based Call Forwarding Due to Programme
Misuse
7 Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi
Scheme
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APRIL 2024 – PIB COMPILATION
Science & Technology PRELIMS SPECIAL*

Pg- 20
1 Exoskeleton PRELIMS Pg- 26
1 SKOCH ESG Award 2024
2 OptiDrop Platform
Environment & Ecology 3 India’s biggest Climate Clock
Pg- 21 4 Marine Products Export
1 Heatwaves Development Authority
5 India-Uzbekistan Joint
Military Exercise DUSTLIK
2024
Internal Security Challenges 6 Parivartan Chintan Tri-
Pg- 22 Service Conference
1 Exercise Poorvi Lehar
2 Combined Maritime Forces 7 DURGA-2
Disaster Management
Pg- 24
1 International Conference on
Disaster Resilient
Infrastructure
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GS-I: History, Art & Culture: April ‘24 PIB
Lalit Kala Akademi
Context:
Recently, the Ministry of Culture has curtailed the powers of the Lalit Kala Akademi (LKA) Chairman, barring
him from taking any “administrative actions”.
Relevance:
GS I: Culture
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Email: legacyiasacademy@gmail.com
GS-I: History, Art & Culture: April ‘24 PIB
About the Lalit Kala Akademi:

 Established on 5th August 1954, the Lalit Kala Akademi was inaugurated by the then Minister for
Education, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and is registered under the Societies Registration Act 1860.
 The Akademi houses and documents a distinguished permanent collection that showcases the
dynamic, intricate, and evolving nature of contemporary, modern, folk, and tribal art in India.
 Serving as India's premier national academy of fine arts, it was founded by the Government of India
with the aim to foster and spread awareness of Indian art both domestically and internationally.
 Through Cultural Agreements and Cultural Exchange Programmes, it actively promotes Indian
Visual Art across various countries globally.
 The Lalit Kala Akademi's National Exhibition of Art stands as its most esteemed annual event.
 Financial backing for the Akademi comes from the Ministry of Culture.
 he Akademi operates regional centres located in Chennai, Lucknow, Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, and
Garhi.
 Its main headquarters is situated in New Delhi.
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GS-II: Polity & Constitution: April ‘24 PIB
Suvidha Portal
Context:
Since the announcement of General Elections 2024, over 73,000 applications have been received on the Suvidha
Portal, with more than 44,600 requests approved.
Relevance:
GS II: Polity and Governance
Suvidha Portal by Election Commission of India (ECI)

Purpose and Objective
 The Suvidha portal serves as a technological tool developed by the Election Commission of India
(ECI) to uphold democratic values by ensuring free, fair, and transparent elections.
Functionality
 The portal streamlines the process for political parties and candidates to request permissions and
facilities during elections.
 Requests are transparently prioritized based on the "First in First Out" principle.
Services Offered
 The Suvidha Portal facilitates permissions for various activities including:
o Organizing rallies
o Setting up temporary party offices
o Door-to-door canvassing
o Utilizing video vans and helicopters
o Obtaining vehicle permits
o Distributing pamphlets
Ease of Use
 Political parties and candidates can conveniently submit permission requests online via the Suvidha
Portal.
 For broader accessibility, offline options are also available.
IT Infrastructure
 The Suvidha Portal is supported by a robust IT platform managed by designated nodal officers,
ensuring efficient and prompt processing of requests.
Companion App Features

 A dedicated Suvidha companion app enables applicants to monitor the real-time status of their
requests, further enhancing transparency and user convenience.
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GS-II: Social Justice & Governance: April ‘24 PIB
SARATHI App
Context:
Recently, the government has launched the ‘SARATHI’ App for Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya Yojana-
National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM).
Relevance:
GS II: Government Policies and Interventions
Dimensions of the Article:

1. SARATHI App
2. About Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihood Mission:
SARATHI App
Development:
 Developed by the Ministry of Rural Development in collaboration with The/Nudge Institute.
Purpose and Features:

 Role in Graduation Program:
o Aims to ensure timely, effective, and efficient implementation of the Graduation
program, which targets the most vulnerable populations.
 Effectiveness and Efficiency:
o Enhances the effectiveness of work across multiple levels.
o Reduces cognitive and administrative burdens.
 Transparency:
o Ensures transparency in the implementation and monitoring of the program.
 Risk Mitigation:
o Helps in mitigating the risk of leakage of consumption and livelihood support provided
to the target households.
About Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihood Mission:

 It is a centrally sponsored programme, launched by the Ministry of Rural Development in June
2011.
 To eliminate rural poverty through the promotion of multiple livelihoods and improved access to
financial services for the rural poor households across the country.
 To reach out to all rural poor households and impact their livelihoods.
The objective of the Mission is to promote sustainable livelihoods for the poor such that they come out of
poverty. The institutions of the poor are intended to facilitate
 access to formal credit;
 support for diversification and strengthening of livelihoods;
 and access to entitlements and public services.
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Functioning:
 It involves working with community institutions through community professionals in the spirit of
self-help which is a unique proposition of DAY-NRLM.
 It impacts the livelihoods through universal social mobilization by inter alia organising one-woman
member from each rural poor household into Self Help Groups (SHGs), their training and capacity
building, facilitating their micro-livelihoods plans, and enabling them to implement their livelihoods
plans through accessing financial resources from their own institutions and the banks.
Implementation:
 It is implemented in a Mission mode by special purpose vehicles (autonomous state societies)
with dedicated implementation support units at the national, state, district and block levels,
using professional human resources in order to provide continuous and long-term handholding
support to each rural poor family.
Ayushman Bharat Health Account

Context:
Ayushman Bharat Health Accounts (ABHA) has emerged as a transformative force, aiming to revolutionise
healthcare access and data management across India.
Relevance:
GS II- Government policies and Interventions

1. About Ayushman Bharat Health Account
2. About Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission
3. Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY)
About Ayushman Bharat Health Account:

 The ABHA app will be instrumental in helping citizens to create their longitudinal health records.
 The patients can access their health records with the help of their ABHA address in seconds which
will empower them in many ways.
 It will enable them to save their health history on a single platform and access or share their health
records anytime and anywhere without a worry of losing them.
 This digitization of data exchange will ensure better clinical decision making and continuum of
care.
About Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission:

 Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission will help connect digital health solutions across the country.
 All Indians will get a digital health ID under this scheme.
 Every citizen’s health record will now be digitally secure.
 The health ID will be used as health account.
 Personal health records can be linked to this account and viewed with the help of a mobile
application.
 Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission will provide reliable data, leading to better treatment and savings
for patients too.
 The National Health Authority (NHA) will be the implementing agency of Ayushman Bharat Digital
Mission (ABDM).
Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY)

 Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) is the flagship scheme of the
Union government as a part of the Indian government’s National Health Policy.
 AB-PMJAY provides a health cover of up to Rs. 5 lakh a family a year, for secondary and tertiary care
hospitalization, to India’s bottom 40% poor and vulnerable population.
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 The programme was launched in September, 2018.

 AB-PMJAY is under the aegis of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
 The PM Jan Arogya Yojana beneficiaries get an e-card that can be used to avail services at an
empanelled hospital, public or private, anywhere in the country, with which they can walk into a
hospital and obtain cashless treatment.
 The scheme has certain pre-conditions by which it picks who can avail of the health cover benefit.
While in the rural areas the list is mostly categorized on lack of housing, meagre income and other
deprivations, the urban list of PMJAY beneficiaries is drawn up on the basis of occupation.
Key Features of AB-PMJAY

 PM-JAY is a health assurance scheme that covers 10.74 crores households across India or
approximately 50 crore Indians.
 It provides a cover of 5 lakh per family per year for medical treatment in empanelled hospitals, both
public and private.
 It provides cashless and paperless service to its beneficiaries at the point of service, i.e., the
hospital.
 E-cards are provided to the eligible beneficiaries based on the deprivation and occupational criteria
of Socio-Economic Caste Census 2011 (SECC 2011).
 There is no restriction on family size, age or gender.
 All previous medical conditions are covered under the scheme.
 It covers 3 days of hospitalisation and 15 days of post hospitalisation, including diagnostic care and
expenses on medicines.
 The scheme is portable and a beneficiary can avail medical treatment at any PM-JAY empanelled
hospital outside their state and anywhere in the country.
 The Central government has decided to provide free testing and treatment of Coronavirus under the
Ayushman Bharat Yojana.
CDP-SURAKSHA Platform
Context:
The Government of India has come up with a new digital platform called CDP-SURAKSHA to disburse subsidies
to horticulture farmers under the Cluster Development Programme (CDP).
Relevance:
CDP-SURAKSHA Platform
 Full Form: System for Unified Resource Allocation, Knowledge, and Secure Horticulture Assistance
(SURAKSHA).
 Objective: Instant disbursal of subsidies to farmers directly into their bank accounts using the e-
RUPI voucher from the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).
Features:
 Database integration with PM-KISAN.
 Cloud-based server space provided by NIC.
 UIDAI validation for authentication.
 Integration with e-RUPI.
 Local Government Directory (LGD) for administrative purposes.
 Content Management System for data and information.
 Geotagging to track the location of beneficiaries and vendors.
 Geo-fencing to set geographical boundaries.
Working:
1. Access: The platform is accessible to farmers, vendors, implementing agencies (IA), cluster
development agencies (CDA), and officials of the National Horticulture Board (NHB).
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2. Order Placement: Farmers can log in using their mobile number and place orders for planting
material like seeds, seedlings, and plants.
3. Cost Sharing: After placing the order, farmers are prompted to contribute their share of the cost.
The government's subsidy amount is automatically displayed.
4. e-RUPI Voucher: Upon the farmer's payment, an e-RUPI voucher is generated, which is received by
the vendor supplying the planting material.
5. Verification: Farmers must verify the receipt of the ordered planting material with geo-tagged
photos and videos of their fields.
6. Payment Release: Once verified, the IA releases the payment to the vendor.
7. Invoice Upload: Vendors upload an invoice of the payment on the platform. The IA compiles all
necessary documents and forwards them to the CDA for subsidy release.
e-RUPI:
 Definition: A one-time payment mechanism developed by the National Payments Corporation of
India (NPCI).
 Redemption: Can be redeemed without a card, digital payments app, or internet banking access at
merchants accepting e-RUPI.
 Distribution: Can be shared with beneficiaries for specific purposes or activities via SMS or QR
code.
Sainik Schools
Context:
Recently, the Defence Ministry said that the scheme for new Sainik Schools is “well thought out” and the
“political or ideological affiliation or otherwise” of the applicant institution does not influence the selection
process.
Relevance:
Sainik Schools Overview

Nature and Affiliation
 Type: Residential schools
 Education Affiliation: Provide Public School Education and are affiliated with the Central Board of
Secondary Education (CBSE), New Delhi.
Funding
 Source: Funded jointly by the Central and State governments.
Establishment and Objective

 Inception: The scheme to establish Sainik Schools was introduced in 1961.
 Primary Aim: To prepare students academically, physically, and mentally for entry into the National
Defence Academy (NDA).
Governance
 Authority: Under the overall governance of the Sainik Schools Society, which is registered under the
Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860.
 Ministry: Operates under the Ministry of Defence, with a focus on preparing students for NDA
admission.
Geographical Presence
 Current Schools: As of now, there are 33 Sainik Schools located across various regions of India.
 Admission Policy: Starting from the academic session 2021-22, girls cadets have also been granted
admission to Sainik Schools.
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Recent Developments and Initiatives

 Expansion Plan:
o The Government of India has sanctioned the establishment of 100 new Sainik Schools.
o This initiative, led by the Sainik Schools Society under the Ministry of Defence, aims to
collaborate with NGOs, private schools, and state governments.
 Objective of Expansion: To cultivate an academically proficient, culturally conscious, intellectually
skilled, confident, patriotic, self-reliant youth community.
 Leadership Focus: The initiative emphasizes nurturing leadership qualities and instilling a sense of
utmost priority towards the nation among the students.
C-Vigil App
Context:
Since the announcement of General Elections 2024, over 79,000 complaints have been received on the C-Vigil
app.
Relevance:
GS II: Government policies and Interventions
C-Vigil App: An Overview

 Origin: C-Vigil is a mobile application developed by the Election Commission of India (ECI).
 Purpose: The app aims to empower citizens to report violations of the Model Code of Conduct
(MCC) during elections.
Features:
 User-Friendly Interface: C-Vigil is designed to be intuitive and easy to operate.
 Direct Reporting: The app facilitates immediate reporting of political misconduct to the District
Control Room, Returning Officer, and Flying Squads Teams, eliminating the need to visit their
offices.
 Unique ID for Tracking: Upon reporting a violation, users receive a unique ID to track the status of
their complaint.
 Real-Time Reporting: Users can capture and submit audios, photos, or videos of incidents as they
happen.
 Time-Bound Response: The app implements a “100-minute” countdown for timely responses to
reported violations.
 Geo-Tagging: The app automatically geo-tags the location of reported violations when users
activate the camera, providing precise location data for immediate action and potential legal
evidence.
 GPS Tracking: Utilizes GPS technology to accurately pinpoint the location of the reported violation.
 Anonymous Reporting: Users have the option to report MCC violations anonymously.
 Progress Tracking: The app allows users to monitor the progress of their complaints directly
within the application.
Department of Telecom Directs Deactivation of USSD-Based Call

Forwarding Due to Misuse
Context:
The Department of Telecom (DoT) has instructed telecom operators to deactivate USSD-based call forwarding
services, specifically the commonly used *401# service for unconditional call forwarding, with effect from April
15. The directive comes in response to concerns over the misuse of this facility for unauthorized activities. The
DoT has urged telecom operators to transition to alternative methods for reactivating call forwarding services.
This move aims to enhance security and prevent the misuse of USSD-based call forwarding, reflecting the
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government's commitment to safeguarding telecommunications infrastructure and ensuring responsible use of

telecom services.
Relevance:
Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD): An Overview

 Protocol: USSD stands for Unstructured Supplementary Service Data, a communications protocol
utilized in Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) networks.
 Nature: Unlike SMS (Short Message Service), USSD is an instant messaging service where messages
are not stored on either the operator's side or the subscriber's device.
USSD Formats:
 USSD Pull:
o An outgoing request initiated by the user in the form of a MMI (Man-Machine Interface)
command.
 USSD Push:
o A message sent from the operator to the user's screen.
 Command Structure:
o USSD commands typically consist of special characters like * and #, followed by numeric
codes.
o Commands start with * or # and usually end with #.
 Message Length:
o The maximum length for a USSD message is 182 characters. However, in practice, most
requests are much shorter, often not exceeding 20 characters.
Applications:
 Balance Display:
o One of the common uses of USSD is to display balance deductions on mobile phones. For
example, a message may pop up on the device screen after making a call or sending an
outgoing SMS to show the remaining balance.
 IMEI Checking:
o USSD can also be used to check the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)
numbers of mobile devices.
Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi Scheme
Context:
Recently, the Delhi High Court instituted a case with respect to the grant of financial assistance under the
Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi (RAN) scheme and said threshold income to claim benefit was prima facie “extremely
low”.
Relevance:
GS II: Government Policies and Intervention
Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi Scheme Overview

 Establishment and Nature
 Established in 1997.
 A central sector scheme.
Objective
 Provides one-time financial assistance to poor patients.
 Targets those living below the State/UT-wise threshold poverty line.
 Aims to assist patients suffering from life-threatening diseases such as heart, kidney, liver, cancer,
etc.
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 Offers treatment at Super Specialty Government hospitals/institutes.
Components of the Umbrella Scheme

Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi (RAN)
 Purpose: Financial assistance for the treatment of life-threatening diseases like heart, kidney, liver,
etc.
 Facilities: Available at Government hospitals/institutes with Super Specialty facilities.
 Maximum Assistance: �15 lakhs.
Health Minister’s Cancer Patient Fund (HMCPF)

 Purpose: Financial assistance specifically for the treatment of cancer.
 Facilities: Available at Regional Cancer Centres (RCCs), Tertiary Care Cancer Centres (TCCCs), and
State Cancer Institutes (SCIs).
Financial Assistance for Rare Diseases

 Purpose: Financial assistance for the treatment of specified rare diseases.
 Facilities: Available at Government hospitals/institutes with Super Specialty facilities.
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GS-II: International Relations: April ‘24 PIB
ASEAN Future Forum
Context:
Recently, India’s External Affairs Minister participated in the First ‘ASEAN Future Forum’.
Relevance:
GS II: International Relations

1. Overview of ASEAN Future Forum
2. About Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Overview of ASEAN Future Forum

Purpose
 Serves as a platform for ASEAN and its partners to exchange new ideas and policy
recommendations.
 Aims to establish a shared platform for ASEAN member states, partner countries, and ASEAN
citizens to contribute to shaping the bloc's development trajectory.
Initiation
 Proposed by Vietnam during the 43rd ASEAN Summit in 2023.
First Forum Theme

 "Toward fast and sustainable growth of a people-centered ASEAN Community."
Location
 Held in Hanoi, Vietnam.
About Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising
Ten Countries in Southeast Asia.
Members of ASEAN
1. Indonesia
2. Malaysia
3. Philippines
4. Singapore
5. Thailand
6. Brunei
7. Vietnam
8. Laos
9. Myanmar
10. Cambodia
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GS-II: International Relations: April ‘24 PIB
ASEAN’s Objectives:
1. To promote intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, security, military,
educational, and sociocultural integration among its members and other countries in Asia.
2. To maintain close and beneficial cooperation with existing international and regional organisations.
3. To promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law and
adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter.
4. To accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development for a prosperous and
peaceful community of Southeast Asian Nations.
A major partner of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, ASEAN maintains a global network of alliances and
dialogue partners and is considered by many as the central union for cooperation in Asia-Pacific.
 The motto of ASEAN is “One Vision, One Identity, One Community”.
 ASEAN is headquartered in Jakarta, Indonesia.
 8th August is observed as ASEAN Day.
 In 1967 ASEAN was established with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration)
by its founding fathers: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.
 Chairmanship of ASEAN rotates annually, based on the alphabetical order of the English names of
Member States.
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GS-II: Indian Economy: April ‘24 PIB
CBDT Signs 125 Advance Pricing Agreements in FY 2023-24
Context:
The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has achieved a significant milestone by signing 125 Advance Pricing
Agreements (APAs) during the fiscal year 2023-24.
Relevance:
GS III: Indian Economy

1. What is an Advance Pricing Agreement (APA)?
2. Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT)
What is an Advance Pricing Agreement (APA)?

Definition:
 An APA is a formal agreement between a taxpayer and a tax authority that determines the transfer
prices for transactions within multinational enterprises (MNEs).
Purpose:
 APAs enable businesses to mitigate the risk of their transaction prices being disputed or challenged
by tax authorities.
Contribution to Ease of Doing Business:

 The APA programme has played a crucial role in India's initiative to enhance the ease of doing
business, particularly benefiting MNEs engaged in numerous cross-border transactions within their
group entities.
Voluntary Process:
 The APA process is voluntary and serves as a complementary mechanism to appeals and other
Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) methods for resolving transfer pricing disputes.
Duration:
 The APA can be valid for up to 9 years, which includes five years prospectively and four years
retrospectively if the taxpayer opts for the roll-back mechanism.
Data Protection:
 The procedure ensures the safeguarding of sensitive business data. While statistical data and
summary information are published, the names of entities with concluded arrangements or
applicants are not disclosed.
Types of APAs:
Unilateral APAs:
 Aimed at limiting risks for transactions between domestic entities.
 No guarantee of avoiding double taxation for transactions involving foreign entities.
 Typically have shorter proceedings compared to other APA types.
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Bilateral APAs:
 Aimed at limiting risks for transactions between a domestic entity and a foreign entity.
 Ensure the elimination of the risk of double taxation.
 Usually involve longer proceedings as agreement between two states is required.
Multilateral Arrangements:
 Designed to mitigate risks for transactions between related entities in three or more states.
 Serve as a protective instrument for complex transactions, ensuring safety for both parties.
 Proceedings are typically longer due to the involvement of multiple states.
Benefits of APAs:
 Tax Certainty:
o Provides clarity on determining the arm's length price of international transactions.
 Risk Mitigation:
o Reduces the risk of potential double taxation through bilateral or multilateral APAs.
 Cost Efficiency:
o Reduces compliance costs by eliminating transfer pricing audit risks and resolving
disputes.
 Simplified Record Keeping:
o Alleviates the burden of record-keeping by specifying the required documentation in
advance.
 Tax Risk Management:
o APAs serve as an effective tool for businesses to manage their tax risks and planning.
Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT):

Overview:
 CBDT is a statutory body established under the Central Board of Revenue Act, 1963, and operates as
a part of the Department of Revenue within the Ministry of Finance.
Roles and Responsibilities:

 CBDT provides essential inputs for the policy and planning of direct taxes in India.
 It is also responsible for the administration of direct tax laws through the Income Tax Department.
India's Defence Exports Surge to Record High in FY 2023-24
Context:
India's defence exports have reached a historic milestone, amounting to Rs 21,083 crore (approximately USD
2.63 billion) in the fiscal year 2023-24. This represents a significant increase of 32.5% compared to the
previous fiscal year. Recent data also reveals an impressive 31-fold growth in defence exports over the past
decade, when compared to figures from FY 2013-14. This surge underscores India's growing prowess and
competitiveness in the global defence market.
Relevance:
Key Statistics on Defense Exports

Growth Over Two Decades:
 A 21-fold increase in defense exports was observed when comparing the periods from 2004-05 to
2013-14 and 2014-15 to 2023-24.
Contribution by Sector:
 The private sector accounted for approximately 60% of defense exports.
 Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) contributed to around 40% of the total.
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Export Authorisations:
 The number of export authorisations issued to defense exporters saw an uptick in FY 2023-24
compared to FY 2022-23.
Key Drivers Behind the Growth

Policy Reforms:
 Reforms in defense policies have played a pivotal role in fostering growth.
Ease of Doing Business Initiatives:

 Initiatives aimed at simplifying business processes and reducing bureaucratic hurdles have
contributed to the sector's expansion.
Digital Solutions:
 Comprehensive digital solutions have been implemented, enhancing efficiency and transparency
within the defense industry.
Global Acceptance:
 The rising global acceptance of Indian defense products and technologies has bolstered the growth
of defense exports.
Recognition of Matabari Pera and Pachra with GI Tags
Context:
The Tripura Chief Minister announced that two traditional items from the state, Matabari Pera and Pachra, have
been honoured with the Geographical Indication (GI) tag marking a significant milestone for local artisans and
weavers.
Relevance:

1. Recognition of Matabari Pera and Pachra with GI Tags
2. Geographical Indications (GI) Tag
Recognition of Matabari Pera and Pachra with GI Tags

Matabari Pera:
 A dairy-based confectionery traditionally served as prasad at the Tripurasundari temple.
Pachra:
 A handwoven cloth used by Indigenous communities.
Significance of GI Tag:
 Ensures legal protection against unauthorized imitation or misuse of the product.
 Safeguards the product's authenticity and preserves the cultural heritage it represents.
Benefits of GI Recognition:
 Facilitates market access and promotion, both within India and internationally.
 Creates economic opportunities for local communities engaged in the production of these products.
Previous GI Recognitions from Northeast:

 Tripura's queen pineapple and 13 other products from the Northeast have previously received the
GI tag, underscoring the region's diverse and unique offerings.
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Geographical Indications (GI) Tag

Definition and Importance:
 Geographical Indications of Goods indicate the country or place of origin of a product.
 They assure consumers of the product's quality and distinctiveness derived from its specific
geographical locality.
 GI tags are an essential component of intellectual property rights (IPRs) and are protected under
international agreements like the Paris Convention and TRIPS.
Administration and Registration:

 Geographical Indications registration in India is governed by the Geographical Indications of Goods
(Registration and Protection) Act, 1999.
 The registration and protection are administered by the Geographical Indication Registry under the
Department of Industry Promotion and Internal Trade (DIPIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
 The registration is valid for 10 years, and it can be renewed for further periods of 10 years each.
Significance and Examples:

 GI tags provide a unique identity and reputation to products based on their geographical origin.
 The first product in India to receive a GI tag was Darjeeling tea.
 Karnataka has the highest number of GI tags with 47 registered products, followed by Tamil Nadu
with 39.
Ownership and Proprietorship:

 Any association, organization, or authority established by law can be a registered proprietor of a GI
tag.
 The registered proprietor's name is entered in the Register of Geographical Indication for the
applied product.
 Protection and Enforcement:
 Geographical Indications protect the interests of producers and prevent unauthorized use of the
product's name or origin.
 Enforcement of GI rights helps maintain the quality and reputation of the products associated with
their specific geographical regions.
Location of the Geographical Indications Registry:

 The Geographical Indications Registry is located in Chennai, India.
RoDTEP scheme
Context:
The government is setting up a system to verify that only taxes paid on materials used (input duties) are
refunded under the RoDTEP scheme.
Relevance:
GS-III: Indian Economy (Growth and Development of Indian Economy, Taxation)

1. Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products (RoDTEP) Scheme
2. RoDTEP Benefits
Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products (RoDTEP) Scheme

 The RoDTEP Scheme allows exporters to receive refunds on taxes and duties that are not exempted
or refunded under any other scheme.
 Under the scheme, exporters receive refunds on the embedded taxes and duties previously non-
recoverable.
 The chief aim of the scheme is to boost the export of goods that were poor in volume.
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 The scheme basically replaces the Merchandise Export from India Scheme (MEIS).
 The scheme provides for rebates of Central, State and Local duties/taxes/ levies which are not
refunded under any other duty remission schemes.
 The RoDTEP scheme can be said to be a combination of the MEIS and the Rebate of State and
Central Taxes and Levies (RoSCTL).
 Under this scheme, refund would be claimed as a percentage of the Freight On Board (FOB) value of
exports.
Features of RoDTEP Scheme

 It covers duties and taxes levied at the central, state and local levels that are not reimbursed under
any other mechanism. Items that were under the MEIS and the RoSCTL are shifted to the RoDTEP.
 Refunds will be issued to exporters as transferable duty credit/electronic scrips and maintained in
an electronic ledger. This is keeping in line with the Digital India mission. This can be used to pay
basic customs duty on imported goods. The credits can also be transferred to other importers.
 Faster clearance through a digital platform will be facilitated through a monitoring & audit
mechanism, with an IT-based risk management system that would physically verify the exporters’
records.
 The scheme is applicable across all sectors.
RoDTEP Benefits
 Being WTO-compliant, the RoDTEP scheme can make available from the government benefits to the
exporters seamlessly.
 The scheme is more exhaustive in that certain taxes that were not covered under the previous
scheme are also included in the list, for example, education cess, state taxes on oil, power and
water.
 It will add more competitiveness in the foreign markets, with assured duty benefits by the Indian
Government.
 It will also help exporters meet international standards and promote business growth.
 Also under RoDTEP, tax assessment is set to become fully automatic for exporters, hence,
Businesses will get access to their refunds for GST via an automatic refund-route.
Critical Minerals
Context:
The 'Critical Minerals Summit: Enhancing Beneficiation and Processing Capabilities' commenced at the India
Habitat Centre, New Delhi.
Relevance:
GS III- Indian Economy

1. What are Critical Minerals?
2. Why is this resource critical?
3. What is China ‘threat’?
4. What are countries around the world doing about it?
What are Critical Minerals?

 Critical minerals are elements that are the building blocks of essential modern-day technologies,
and are at risk of supply chain disruptions.
 These minerals are now used everywhere from making mobile phones, computers to batteries,
electric vehicles and green technologies like solar panels and wind turbines.
 Based on their individual needs and strategic considerations, different countries create their own
lists.
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 However, such lists mostly include graphite, lithium and cobalt, which are used for making EV
batteries; rare earths that are used for making magnets and silicon which is a key mineral for
making computer chips and solar panels.
 Aerospace, communications and defence industries also rely on several such minerals as they are
used in manufacturing fighter jets, drones, radio sets and other critical equipment.
Why is this resource critical?

 As countries around the world scale up their transition towards clean energy and digital economy,
these critical resources are key to the ecosystem that fuels this change.
 Any supply shock can severely imperil the economy and strategic autonomy of a country over-
dependent on others to procure critical minerals.
 But these supply risks exist due to rare availability, growing demand and complex processing value
chain.
 Many times the complex supply chain can be disrupted by hostile regimes, or due to politically
unstable regions.
 They are critical as the world is fast shifting from a fossil fuel-intensive to a mineral-intensive
energy system.
What is China ‘threat’?

 China is the world’s largest producer of 16 critical minerals.
 China alone is responsible for some 70% and 60% of global production of cobalt and rare earth
elements, respectively, in 2019.
 The level of concentration is even higher for processing operations, where China has a strong
presence across the board.
 China’s share of refining is around 35% for nickel, 50-70% for lithium and cobalt, and nearly 90%
for rare earth elements.
 It also controls cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of Congo, from where 70% of this mineral
is sourced.
 In 2010, China suspended rare earth exports to Japan for two months over a territorial dispute.
What are countries around the world doing about it?

 US has shifted its focus on expanding domestic mining, production, processing, and recycling of
critical minerals and materials.
 India has set up KABIL or the Khanij Bidesh India Limited, a joint venture of three public sector
companies, to “ensure a consistent supply of critical and strategic minerals to the Indian domestic
market”.
 Australia’s Critical Minerals Facilitation Office (CMFO) and KABIL had recently signed an MoU
aimed at ensuring reliable supply of critical minerals to India.
 The UK has unveiled its new Critical Minerals Intelligence Centre to study the future demand for
and supply of these minerals.
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GS-III: Industry & Infrastructure: April ‘24 PIB
Clean Energy Transitions Programme
Context:
Recently, the International Energy Agency (IEA) launched the Clean Energy Transitions Programme annual
report 2023.
Relevance:
GS III: Energy
About the Clean Energy Transitions Programme:

 Introduced in 2017, the Clean Energy Transitions Programme is the International Energy Agency's
(IEA) premier initiative designed to hasten the advancement towards a global net-zero energy
system.
 Utilizing the expertise and authority of the world's leading energy organization, it focuses on
expediting clean energy transitions, especially in emerging and developing nations.
 The programme's objectives align with the targets set by the 2015 Paris Agreement and the
Sustainable Development Goals set forth by the United Nations.
Key facts about the IEA:

 The IEA is an independent intergovernmental organization operating within the framework of the
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
 Collaborating with governments and the industry, the IEA aims to shape a resilient and sustainable
energy landscape for everyone.
 Established in 1974, its primary mission was to safeguard the stability of oil provisions.
 The formation of the IEA was prompted by the 1973-1974 oil crisis, during which an oil embargo
imposed by major producers led to soaring prices, highlighting the susceptibility of industrialized
nations to oil import reliance.
 Currently, the IEA comprises 31 member countries and eleven associate countries.
 For a nation to be considered for IEA membership, it must already be a member of the Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
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GS-III: Science & Technology: April ‘24 PIB
Exoskeleton
Context:
Bengaluru hosted the inaugural international workshop on 'Emerging Technologies & Challenges for
Exoskeleton' organised by the Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) on 15th April 2024.
Relevance:
GS III: Science and Technology
Introduction to Exoskeletons:
 Exoskeletons are wearable devices designed to enhance fundamental human actions, utilized across
various fields including Medical, Military, Rescue Operations, Industrial, and Consumer uses.
Medical Applications:
 In the medical field, exoskeletons aid in occupational therapy, augmentation, and rehabilitation
medicine, assisting individuals recovering from accidents to regain normal function.
 Paediatric exoskeletons cater to children with mobility issues like spinal muscular atrophy (SMA),
spinal cord injuries, cerebral palsy, muscle atrophy, and muscular dystrophy.
Industrial Uses:
 Exoskeletons find applications in industries where workers perform repetitive tasks such as paint
spraying, welding, and assembly line material handling.
 They help reduce physical strain and enhance productivity by providing support and assistance
during strenuous tasks.
Military Utilization:
 Military personnel benefit from exoskeletons as they alleviate physical strain and augment strength,
particularly useful for long-distance walking and carrying heavy loads.
 Exoskeletons enhance soldiers' capabilities and endurance, improving operational effectiveness in
challenging environments.
Rescue Operations:
 Exoskeletons aid pre-fighters and rescue workers in surviving hazardous environments, providing
support and protection against physical exertion and injuries.
 These devices enable individuals to navigate through dangerous conditions more effectively,
enhancing their overall safety and efficiency.
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GS-III: Environment & Ecology: April ‘24 PIB
Heatwaves
Context:
Recently, Prime Minister chaired a meeting to review preparedness for the ensuing heat wave season.
Relevance:
GS III- Environment (Climate change)

1. About Heat Wave
2. Criteria for Heat Waves
3. Health Impacts
About Heat Wave

 A heat wave is a period of abnormally high temperatures, more than the normal maximum
temperature that occurs during the summer season in the North-Western and South Central parts of
India.
 Heat waves typically occur between March and June, and in some rare cases even extend till July.
 Higher daily peak temperatures and longer, more intense heat waves are becoming increasingly
frequent globally due to climate change.
Criteria for Heat Waves

 The heat wave is considered when the maximum temperature of a station reaches at least 40°C for
Plains and at least 30°C for Hilly regions.
 If the normal maximum temperature of a station is less than or equal to 40°C, then
an increase of 5°C to 6°C from the normal temperature is considered to be heat wave condition.
 Further, an increase of 7°C or more from the normal temperature is considered as severe heat wave
condition.
 If the normal maximum temperature of a station is more than 40°C, then an increase of 4°C to
5°C from the normal temperature is considered to be heat wave condition. Further, an increase of
6°C or more is considered as severe heat wave condition.
 Additionally, if the actual maximum temperature remains 45°C or more irrespective of normal
maximum temperature, a heat wave is declared.
Health Impacts
 The health impacts of Heat Waves typically involve dehydration, heat cramps, heat exhaustion
and/or heat stroke.
 It also causes heat cramps, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps
and sweating.
 The extreme temperatures and resultant atmospheric conditions adversely affect people living in
these regions as they cause physiological stress, sometimes resulting in death.
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GS-III: Internal Security: April ‘24 PIB
Exercise Poorvi Lehar
Context:
Indian Navy conducted Exercise Poorvi Lehar on East Coast under the Operational Control of The Flag Officer
Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Naval Command.
Relevance:
GS III: Security Challenges
Exercise Poorvi Lehar 2024: Indian Navy's Maritime Security Drill

 Operational Control: Conducted under the guidance of The Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief,
Eastern Naval Command.
 Objective: The exercise aimed to validate procedures and assess the preparedness of the Indian
Navy in addressing Maritime Security challenges in the region.
Key Highlights:
 Participants: The exercise involved the participation of Ships, Submarines, Aircraft, and Special
Forces.
 Phases of XPOL:
o Tactical Phase: Combat training was conducted in a realistic scenario to simulate real-
world challenges.
o Weapon Phase: Successful conduct of various firings was carried out to demonstrate the
Indian Navy’s capability to accurately deliver ordnance on target.
 Maritime Domain Awareness: With the operation of aircraft from various locations, a near
continuous Maritime Domain Awareness was maintained throughout the Area of Operations.
 Interoperability: The exercise showcased a high degree of interoperability among the services,
with participation from assets of the Eastern Naval Command, Indian Air Force (IAF), Andaman &
Nicobar Command, and Coast Guard.
Significance:
 Realistic Training: The exercise provided valuable lessons to the participating forces by operating
under realistic conditions, enhancing their readiness to effectively respond to maritime challenges
in the region.
 Reaffirmation of Commitment: The successful conclusion of Exercise Poorvi Lehar 2024 reaffirms
the Indian Navy’s commitment to addressing the growing security challenges in the maritime
domain.
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GS-III: Internal Security: April ‘24 PIB
Combined Maritime Forces
Context:
INS Talwar of the Indian Navy recently seized 940 kg of drugs in the Arabian Sea as part of an operation led by
the Combined Maritime Forces (CMF).
Relevance:
GS III: Security Challenges
About Combined Maritime Forces (CMF)

Overview
 CMF is a multi-national naval partnership based in Bahrain, committed to promoting security,
stability, and prosperity across approximately 3.2 million square miles of international waters,
including some of the world’s most crucial shipping lanes.
Main Objectives
 Defeating terrorism and preventing piracy.
 Encouraging regional cooperation.
 Promoting a safe maritime environment.
Key Functions
 Countering violent extremism and terrorist networks in maritime areas of responsibility.
 Collaborating with regional and other partners to enhance overall security and stability.
 Strengthening the maritime capabilities of regional nations.
 Responding to environmental and humanitarian crises upon request.
Task Forces
 CMF is comprised of five task forces.
Headquarters
 Co-located with US Naval Central Command and US Navy Fifth Fleet at Naval Support Activity (NSA)
Bahrain.
Member Nations
 Australia, Bahrain, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, France, Germany,
Greece, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Republic of Korea, Kuwait, Malaysia, the Netherlands,
New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles,
Singapore, Spain, Thailand, Türkiye, UAE, United Kingdom, United States, and Yemen.
Participation and Mandate

 Participation is voluntary, and no nation is obligated to carry out any duty it is unwilling to conduct.
 Member nations are not bound by either political or military mandates.
 CMF is flexible, with contributions ranging from providing a liaison officer at CMF HQ in Bahrain to
supplying warships, support vessels, and maritime reconnaissance aircraft based on land.
 Associated support can be provided by warships not explicitly assigned to CMF if they have the time
and capacity while undertaking national tasking.
Command Structure
 CMF is commanded by a U.S. Navy Vice Admiral, who also serves as Commander of the US Naval
Forces Central Command (NAVCENT) and US Navy Fifth Fleet.
 The Deputy Commander of CMF is a United Kingdom Royal Navy Commodore.
 Other senior staff roles at CMF’s headquarters are filled by personnel from member nations.
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GS-III: Disaster Management: April ‘24 PIB
International Conference on Disaster Resilient Infrastructure
Context:
Recently, The Prime Minister addressed the 6th edition of the International Conference on Disaster Resilient
Infrastructure
Relevance:
GS III: Disaster Management

1. What is ICDRI?
2. Meeting Highlights
3. What is CDRI?
About ICDRI
 ICDRI is the annual international conference of the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure
(CDRI), held in partnership with member countries, organizations, and institutions to enhance the
global conversation on disaster and climate-resilient infrastructure.
Meeting Highlights
Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) Growth
 Prime Minister highlighted the impressive growth of CDRI, which now includes 39 countries and 7
organizations, emphasizing its global reach and significance.
Impact of Natural Disasters

 PM Modi emphasized the devastating human impact of natural disasters beyond monetary
evaluation.
 Mentioned earthquakes causing homelessness, disruptions to water and sewage systems
endangering public health, and potential risks to energy plants.
Importance of Resilient Infrastructure

 Emphasized the need to invest in resilient infrastructure for a better future.
 Advocated for integrating resilience in new infrastructure and post-disaster rebuilding.
Shared Resilience in a Global Context

 Highlighted the interconnected nature of global disasters and the need for individual country
resilience for collective global resilience.
 Stressed the role of CDRI and the conference in fostering shared resilience.
Support for Vulnerable Regions

 Referred to CDRI’s program funding projects in 13 Small Island Developing States at high risk of
disasters.
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GS-III: Disaster Management: April ‘24 PIB
 Cited examples of resilient housing in Dominica, transport networks in Papua New Guinea, and
early warning systems in the Dominican Republic and Fiji.
Future Initiatives
 Recalled the formation of a new Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group during India’s G20
Presidency, focusing on financing discussions.
 Expressed confidence in the fruitful deliberations at the International Conference on Disaster
Resilient Infrastructure (ICDRI) over the next two days.
What is CDRI?
 CDRI is an independent international organization comprising a global partnership of national
governments, United Nations agencies and programs, multilateral development banks and financing
mechanisms, the private sector, and academic and research institutions.
 Its objective is to enhance the resilience of infrastructure systems to climate and disaster risks,
ensuring sustainable development.
 CDRI was launched in 2019 at the United Nations Climate Action Summit in New York and is India's
second major global initiative after the International Solar Alliance (ISA).
 The CDRI Secretariat is located in New Delhi, India.
Membership
 Since its establishment, 31 countries, 6 international organizations, and 2 private sector
organizations have joined CDRI as members.
Significance for India

 CDRI provides a platform for India to establish itself as a global leader in Climate Action and
Disaster Resilience.
 It enhances India's soft power and has broader implications beyond economics, as the synergy
between disaster risk reduction, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and Climate Accord paves
the way for sustainable and inclusive growth.
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Prelims: April ‘24 PIB
SKOCH ESG Award 2024
Context:
REC Limited won the SKOCH ESG Award 2024 for 'Renewable Energy Financing'.
Relevance:
Facts for Prelims
Overview of REC (formerly Rural Electrification Corporation Limited)

Profile:
 A 'Maharatna' Central Public Sector Enterprise under the Ministry of Power.
 Registered with RBI as a Non-Banking Finance Company (NBFC) and Infrastructure Financing
Company (IFC).
Scope of Funding:
 Funds various infrastructure projects, both power and non-power.
 Projects span from power generation to transportation and communication.
 Supports sectors like renewables, electric vehicles, and green technologies.
SKOCH ESG Awards and Significance

Award Description:
 SKOCH ESG Awards recognize organizations excelling in Environmental, Social, and Governance
(ESG) practices.
Benchmark for Sustainable Business:

 The Award and Assessment serve as a vital benchmark.
 Highlights organizations' commitment to India 2047 by emphasizing sustainable investments and
processes for a sustainable business future.
About SKOCH Group

 Established in 1997, the SKOCH Group is a leading Indian think tank.
Focus Areas:
 Specializes in socio-economic issues.
 Engages with a diverse spectrum of entities, ranging from Fortune 500 companies to community-
based organizations.
OptiDrop Platform
Context:
Recently, the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP) in Bengaluru has developed a new platform
called OptiDrop.
Relevance:
Facts for Prelims
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About OptiDrop Platform

 Description: The OptiDrop Platform is a groundbreaking microfluidic chip-based system designed
to streamline and cut down the costs associated with studying individual cells.
 Methodology: It utilizes an innovative technique for accurate and cost-efficient examination of
single cells encapsulated within droplets.
 Unique Features:
o Real-time data visualization capabilities.
o Reduced data storage requirements.
o 'Closed' system architecture to safeguard against external contaminants.
 Support: The development of this platform received backing from the Biotechnology Industry
Research Council (BIRAC), the Department of Science and Technology (DST), and the Ministry of
Human Resource Development (MHRD).
Applications of OptiDrop Platform

 Diagnostics: Potential for advanced diagnostic procedures.
 Therapeutics: Helps in understanding the effects on individual cells during drug screening.
 Agriculture: Useful in environmental control, specifically for detecting water contamination.
 Animal Health: Assists in the detection and sorting of CAR-T cells in immuno-oncotherapeutics.
 Genomics: Aids in the selection of CRISPR-modified single cells and high-efficiency clones in single-
cell genomics studies.
What is C-CAMP?
 Overview: C-CAMP, supported by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, has been
a driving force behind cutting-edge research and innovation in life sciences since its inception in
2009.
 Mandate: Its primary objective is to encourage entrepreneurship and innovation within the life
sciences sector.
 Entrepreneurial Culture: C-CAMP has actively nurtured an entrepreneurial-friendly atmosphere in
the academic and research community, notably through its involvement in Seed Funding Schemes
for Startups.
India’s biggest Climate Clock
Context:
Recently, the Council of Scientific &Industrial Research (CSIR), installed and activated India’s biggest Climate
Clock at the CSIR Headquarters in New Delhi as a part of the Earth Day Celebrations.
Relevance:
Facts for Prelims
CSIR Installs India’s Largest Climate Clock

Event Significance
 CSIR installed and activated India’s largest Climate Clock at its Headquarters in New Delhi during
Earth Day Celebrations.
 Reflects CSIR’s commitment to raising awareness about climate change and promoting energy
literacy among the public.
Purpose and Background

 The Climate Clock was launched in 2015 to serve as a tool for tracking climate change mitigation
progress.
 Provides a visual representation of how quickly the planet is approaching 1.5°C of global warming
based on current emissions trends.
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Functionality
 Graphically demonstrates the amount of CO2 emitted and the global warming experienced to date.
 The date indicating when humanity will reach 1.5°C of global warming adjusts based on changes in
emissions levels.
Current Climate Temperature

 As of April 4, 2024, the current climate temperature stands at 1.295°C.
Marine Products Export Development Authority
Context:
Recently, officials asserted that the entire value chain for India’s shrimp exports is certified by the Marine
Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) and there is no scope for abusive conditions at shrimp
farms.
Relevance:
Facts for Prelims
About the Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA):

 MPEDA is a statutory organization mandated with the principal responsibility of promoting the
export of marine products.
 Historical Background: Established through an act of Parliament in 1972, MPEDA emerged from
the amalgamation of the erstwhile Marine Products Export Promotion Council, which was set up by
the Government of India in September 1961. This merger took place on 24th August 1972.
 Functions:
o Overseeing and regulating offshore and deep-sea fishing, along with implementing
conservation and management strategies for offshore and deep-sea fisheries;
o Enlisting fishing vessels, processing facilities, storage units for marine products, and
transportation means used for marine product conveyance. Additionally, setting
standards and specifications for marine products destined for export;
o Supervising the export of marine products and enrolling marine product exporters upon
payment of stipulated fees.
 MPEDA operates five comprehensive Quality Control Laboratories located in Kochi, Nellore,
Bhimavaram, Bhubaneshwar, and Porbandar. Moreover, MPEDA has established fifteen ELISA
Screening Laboratories across maritime states.
 To cater to exporters across the country, MPEDA has instituted 18 Regional/Sub-Regional
Divisions/Desk offices.
 Headquarters: Located in Kochi, Kerala.
 Trade Promotion offices are situated in New Delhi, Tokyo, and New York.
 Nodal Ministry overseeing MPEDA's operations: Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
India-Uzbekistan Joint Military Exercise DUSTLIK 2024
Context:
The Indian Army contingent departed today for the 5th edition of India- Uzbekistan joint military Exercise
DUSTLIK.
Relevance:
Facts for Prelims
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About India- Uzbekistan joint military Exercise DUSTLIK:

Schedule and Location:
 Dates: 15th to 28th April 2024
 Location: Termez, Republic of Uzbekistan
 Frequency: Yearly event conducted alternatively in India and Uzbekistan.
 Last Edition: Pithoragarh, India in February 2023
Participating Contingents
 Indian Armed Forces:
o Total Personnel: 60
o Composition:
 Indian Army: 45 personnel (mainly from a Battalion of the JAT Regiment)
 Indian Air Force: 15 personnel
 Women Officers: Two, from the Regiment of Artillery and the Army Medical
Corps.
 Uzbekistan Armed Forces:
o Total Personnel: Approximately 100
o Composition:
 Personnel from Uzbekistan Army and Air Force
 Represented by personnel from the Southern Operational Command, part of
the South-West Military District.
Objective:
 Aim:
o Foster military cooperation and enhance combined capabilities to execute joint
operations in mountainous and semi-urban terrain.
 Focus Areas:
o High degree of physical fitness
o Joint planning
o Joint tactical drills
o Basics of special arms skills
Tactical Drills:
 Creation of a Joint Command Post
 Establishing an Intelligence & Surveillance Centre
 Securing a landing site
 Small Team Insertion & Extraction
 Special Heliborne Operations
 Cordon and Search Operations
 Room Intervention Drills
 Demolition of illegal structures
Complexity of the Exercise:

 Enhanced with the conduct of multi-domain operations.
 The contingent includes personnel from combat support arms and services besides Infantry.
Purpose and Outcomes:

 Share best practices in Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of conducting joint operations.
 Develop inter-operability, bonhomie, and camaraderie between soldiers of both countries.
 Enhance the level of defence cooperation, fostering bilateral relations between India and
Uzbekistan.
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Parivartan Chintan Tri-Service Conference
Context:
Recently, Parivartan Chintan Tri-Service Conference took place in New Delhi.
Relevance:
Facts for Prelims
Overview of Parivartan Chintan Tri-Service Conference

Purpose
 The Parivartan Chintan Tri-Service Conference is designed to brainstorm and introduce innovative
ideas, initiatives, and reforms to enhance Jointness and Integration efforts among the armed forces.
Leadership
 The conference is chaired by the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), General Anil Chauhan.
Significance
 This marks the inaugural conference where Heads of all Tri-Services Institutions come together,
highlighting its importance and novelty.
Background on Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)

Establishment
 The position of CDS was established in 2019 based on the recommendations of a defence expert
committee led by Lt General DB Shekatkar.
First Appointment
 General Bipin Rawat was the first individual to hold the position of CDS in India.
Roles and Responsibilities of the CDS

Operational Synergy
 The primary responsibility of the CDS is to promote operational synergy among the various
branches of the Indian military.
Department Head
 The CDS serves as the Head of the Department of Military Affairs within the Ministry of Defence.
Advisory Role
 The CDS acts as the singular military adviser to the Defence Minister and holds an advisory position
within the Nuclear Command Authority.
DURGA-2
Context:
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is reported to be testing a prototype of its
DURGA-2 (Directionally Unrestricted Ray Gun Array) system.
Relevance:
Facts for Prelims
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About DURGA-2
Functionality:
 DURGA-2 is a weapon system designed to damage or destroy its target using focused energy, which
can be in the form of lasers, microwaves, or particle beams.
Advantages:
 Speed: The weapon transmits lethal force at the speed of light, approximately 300,000 kilometers
per second.
 Environmental Independence: The beams of DURGA-2 are not influenced by gravity or atmospheric
drag.
 Precision: It offers high precision, allowing for accurate targeting.
 Customizability: The effects of the weapon can be tailored by adjusting the type and intensity of the
energy directed at the target.
Significance:
 The development of DURGA-2 signifies a transformative shift in the aerospace industry, potentially
revolutionizing the way wars are conducted.
 This advancement facilitates the creation of state-of-the-art platforms, weapons, sensors, and
networks crucial for ensuring success in future warfare scenarios.
Countries with Similar Systems:

 The technology of focused energy weapons is also possessed by countries like Russia, France,
Germany, the United Kingdom, Israel, and China.
31 | P a g e Ph: 96069 00004 / 05


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History, Art & Culture Pg- 1 International Relations

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Science & Technology PRELIMS SPECIAL*

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Lalit Kala Akademi

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2|P age Ph: 96069 00004 / 05

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