Crsrenrt ee Free eluclions LEE] ~~ by metals, the volimer leans ore Aoos ky, Aount 43 the, pucks Fg, noe. will Abe Loanelar rn + These eleicBrens Ae called fre he Hiond (Free elation olewity = 1P8 mi3> Cwerent Coir es OC) Metal —» Fore ele cCrons' Giy Bema ceoncluctors > Gi) Blcbe. a Poshve andl WY Cpe Lous ' ay) Cress cape Los and Fel bors: (V) Super Concluctirs Cooper, Pars ' That mah velo ot fre elections Te velowty wotlk tli free hectors move ty Aq Sha Mhivnah tw mebh oa callest Muro pelocr velowty Iya electians Os Jere Yen no carrenk & produced Af ofrex elections» Bik, eV OTS Chymel pecrt £ ge elacGors 4 abouk soF m/e" Bhat current D Jb 4 the pone 4 fer ef. change Ahrvngh ong oress -gectrow gf the Conductor: "pot enge fling 3 he a Gur © pen = _ Bde ur (1) = Bei CO), Defenline of Avenue r tA alee (0 Current Unough Lhe ductor ~ Gos £3 he cne a * ee wr B Huron Hn a. oun cet ee Conventiouek cberection 4 cwrrk Cy From positive & tive WO i of, elections CID tote Ags -frohinticn poet (eis - Ehud Curenk hes oll paeeg nrbacle tml olvuckion » Bil se 4 + gealerr Lerarse Wb clos net chey veetor Luvs. aeBo curmmet clemity Cj) Currenk Pow ny pee une area of Cr0ss section tr Called current olesoly’ 2 cunrenk oleusidy (4) = Fetes cuttrert (J) po 2, Cun . Ani?) acne) A Daige veboety ( Va) Thu velowty acguiveld Ly rea elebioas under te influence of, sles fui S colleof hupe veloc: (Wx to m/s) Forma ter, kills velouky y , L-> Conductor n A Ge ft ng geetion” VD PD ccves, Conductor D> current ro Concluctor + N-> number 4. free Lbeous [unit Volume: 1 Totd chuvge C4) = Volum hen, 5 ~ - dmcher ve efrecrge of ole. Cron 104 ren clacton btm * Flcbuce 7 xexn =7 £=nAhe- F. Wen (I) = & o> r= "Ale => Tone (£) =7 L= Nhe Vel >V,-27 ° —e& é tonclucter ig oliuchly fpoportionst Ls He > baba uuce (V) acyoss Ale enels pte couduebor poroviolect Hr pluyriced tondibrers Chike “imp erati pressuke, Abie ete) of He Conclwctor famudin unches . we Lav o Ver . Be VeTR, whine R& & Cousternt culled Argertance: Definitiow 4 hevot dete CA) “Qa, une. Velt/ampere (VA! or ohm (2-5) rt wi Repetouse t He Ratio pp wevess Hhe Concluctor As Ma carrer Llerwing ticough the Conductor Dee eee = I heptane 4 Mis Conlackot Awicl ts be ore ohm ita Pews Hhervonssn ik, chum PD A IV a applied across a 2 nie? Va= va=$ ‘ ——* poe OHM 's bbw s. gy. comnemt apm o a 4-2‘iA Condinctomce, CG) 1 the Acciprocet of Aesistince cs called Conoluctance - 4, get anit -22! 07 —o- Cmho) o7 Simen (s) factors affecting Aesislante - WATE 0 Netuie f The mederiotl og the Coneluctor: wi Temp erate ot Aho conductor: Gi Ik of. la *Conolucted (Re 4) w Aven of cross-Section ( Ret) testers offectiig Concluctame CD) Notuss. ef Ile materiel ef Ve Conductor’ by Tampuratcre f the Coneluctor’ | Length of Vln conelivetor Cant) YD Area 4 Crom - ection (Rx A) copephs of epran's Lane 6) Lv guagh i= ° Reis byity of bp ecifec The Lo Gpectpe Acsestonvee ( &) Aryestomer, CR) of & Conelictor ds dive claly or oun n t perfor tend 2 Ab dongle) ancl inversely prpation @ kat = RaSh, herr $4 cables! Aepshived} Definthon 4 rspestinnly (85 §= 44 | aneks —Z im Apsusiing Az=l and Lal we ye f=R- ; ns Regestindg ts numerceclly egual @ spestamen ge unet davgll: end Per uw ara f Cross-section.\a Desluckion of cbn's bao prom 19prm ciple D2V ——» 1 > relacation Lime coe D> cursenrt' n= No of el cbrons/usict volume: | Fore. on aw election 48, mazseb = maze x JraceVv. mAs B Bek | The olodt velority of eleelion Cy) uta “I x 7 VWsorev.t = I -€eV¥-t: ea mk pre WL = a> mk iv ere a Conrtauk at Cousteauk naz Tt Nee , opabere ee Te prove repztovily (9) % o comtont es = m& ts RA = are heave Ro ee =7 x net > eM a Constant at Constant Lempermtire- née | fants ay time (T) Relaration time ey mean fre time ge a dls time token Lelweew ive Guecepive Collations of ehechions: Mean drew peth : ay, i mee etueenr Hive Zuceepive colltnan a 4 Mel pres polk» Averuge of fre poll BF laps keg, Moshi he: CA) 3 - Mebihe: ef a eee it COT ts ts. patio 4 Le obvigt velocity Va) of Ua Crrsevrk Carer ts Als apple fetal (ED accuses Ai Conelucts7! a Ut Me tis Glovala of evn of, Pabazemian tome =10%sehin's fs: ohm's Law & not universally he cage ib oloes not obey saa Semicond — pps cable deyjis Like obiocke, Bitwges bax Am Verialow of poy bevilly cctlhe Temp rerline « a Melly» In motels, fo. inp vitor f lle meted v % laren’ 4o § 4 —_—h* ho T ° Ry > Rep linc of DE Re 7 Repertouce oh Te’= abt ay he = Mot Rod i elt Fe Rec ke ay Re Re Ro T = ty = Ro (hte) plow, tor T=T ,~% due he & ai Ay = Re Citd7) 7 O r der T= Th, 0% Ay = Or uc. Ry = he Citan) 7? Os B= r4ee%, 27 RidTn +R = Red the Se G7 THT aa => Kate — edt ahh a 4 CRie- &0) = a aA = Re —t Rit RT Cabanon op Ro ee | (a) sees Combinelion Th Parallel combinalrow (3) Mizeel Combinalion Coin lars ode combined Cs JK puag viveed Voliw of offetre pis Limee * R Rp Rs Servier Cmbinaboow ‘ “ Thyee. peses Limes Re Rand ky x vw 2 B Or Connacled te Series 4 Oe ys Tha Cunrenk Lhnough ful th, preyin Counces are. the seunae, doh thr PDs ill be Vv, Mp ant sues pertively * te howe, vere en ee 4V3 V=TR, VT, \sIR, gee Tht Eh ERs Jor W, foyer tnmes dm AW, Re = Ry tha thy +Ry* 5 ton in solenbvont prereslimce each 4 reves ime R Rs our Nel Whim Lolenti om TOI a aaa ae ara cack esis hiner: “4 Cportly obiviolect AncongTi . 2 DB Parsdlel Comba nelcow a pansblel, Combe nee egebamees fi, fend Ao _prkin Rp” Welz cin erhem aielenbionh per isTounees One connectial parllert, Me Aepphind current equally olivicteol among. eal pesues bance ' Gy) For Caio pervislimees de FAA, R,=nk —7O for nh sdevtionk peegesdiow ‘ _R O ay Re ont was ai fporaltd, Rp =e 78 pees Colour Goole of popisdavs oe aan Cor honels o7 lots) gh panes bon Ame) (le elon PON alan veel lilenzncs printed on ie & le C pee & pibiti)» Te GE Oe dlr numbers Abe sp etlew . peal cotorr Cong)Coby mu Je a dicen, while —provicles Us pecensary PD A en electne ciweutk de main lita a Continuous fles & current iw OE" Emr oo ell CE? re Ie con tbe olefeneh dy ou obe 4 the fellosing wags! -@m fe the amounk work clone an movivy a une barge OMe erraanel Ma et * ‘ . hu the pn cnet: G) EM dy the PD Alves the, a Te j : cote CV) : te Tesma wt PP Ee 7 the chesest eivere pp aor Me oo catlecl Atom Pn a combination & ath E 1 Genter Combs ou of cols tf] Ts eae ermed E ene sabe Aemstances, TY FM “4 ie 1 “ R tothermf ah Tatahem-f To ah pegestamce = n7y+h Tabak Srgesfonce hEae mxoYTU } meciege@ | me < Seowre ietniton fend | A Bo paraltel combination of coll Bee eae n clr each em £ B anel wilh pcsesdamee rapt ques Gonnaclesl , tn poral 4 an cyederuel peptone Re teGA emf 2 EF Toh pesatone = Tek DT 2 Totolem + ToGd pes tome ~ ER > ts nE ” —— Mircesl Combination Y cells Gale y [ot mes ef} wcll of cack 4 eme E ancl intcruch ay each prosis Limes “7° Ode Connecteel eh Om! fows ee pore antl Go . 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Curie aoe Absaug 4 be Lise. gets welled ancl Cente 4s bre “e y oe un aes of die ancl Loach 27 atley of. tin an ofp Maxinam power Causfen theorea +- Jb Abtis blak pmarciinan tagineem J : ep vrhann ibs inbornss forstenee power & Binnsfouel from o B cpunt & exetivnnt (nr Linet) pepestiioes’ E Fepmeta dor marcincan poure (Brag) 1, By ohm's Low, e ToGl emf = Canrent % Tati segestomee R BE =2 CRt7) »> 7 =_£f v . Bry Powe CP) =PR = pi ck Ya a P= Ey oR. Het marimam power var a eye =P = Be “ max = EO Rk a em ee)* => Prose = = Net \ Mangan er Conslanton one useat a4 stimvolanct Puesis bert — Bekamre diyh sesstivily anct Low Hiwp- Coeffutot - 2 Copper, 4. usest as Conpechny ine — Beene Om pesietivihZ ancl cbinnenginele + es ae iy elaclwe nl healing — Gecamse a sages heute ancl Aang methiig pore er A Tungzlew i used as Phen: —waes b fan the ews a Malla mately , ZE=ZIR! te : ol Feplo melas Re or Mn mem abefa, TR +Ty =E +O der th mem, bedeb, TpR,-I1R=° @ jer Hy mete, acdfa, pe, +Ir -E—-@ Mole 7 oh Avgunl fo come of Tbiso Kirveloff's Second Lud 43 Congryvatwow 4 eueryy:x Wheat slones bri: pee Ye an Antenne ment four Devs tones 4 estiels ore unknown Sregestance com he foun aw Ltrs of oftex Hee Aneron Aeris Himess + (heats lores bre olge phan ple : > - SL four reristimees PR Rand $ ate balemenel tn a orhecksbouer byicle Lhe P= Rh a Proof > tour Axes Linces P,@ Rancl § oe conwectinl form « hanks tones pei. 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BY ox Joo-h- BR Food E x = RC x-2)itl Po linliom ttn y - : miton egect rmensine pd. 1a eich an cae ert Painerphe 1 arhew a Constand curtené fmed Ahrvagl © uniform wits, the PP ae Lan roils cbiectly asi Lionel & of that Segmené | sinte Ro & prspertiowh EDGE EON, ind Ea croton Cons bin how + AB—> Uniform wine el ‘ —y Seconclary Cbreuie EB, Driver eu (Fb “a = 4o tallest Lec z primary Le olives @ Coustaut Co palmer Caton tw He primary AA * 3 E> Byporimintes lh: . - AS eC fan making a Coustanks Coren ithe primary etretint- 1 4 Bee hls Fi onparison onl Cai ata eree ree : ao t 2 win OA pledge, eth Ey , inelncbert 5 oe pers and pee po fi as _ fount Cake hy adpolig Tr si ehay * we Fee o Law — Fee AI Ma ult &, +s uelucle BY 4b, tla trence ws ie cae, hing fA poorel ork by afpuitiig 2, och 7 @ go te Detinminelow £ Inlrw pucpistoate fant Connechions cre Marke es Ghocsn “e cs On Hn einen obnghnm Hs de botimce Ainyle A Geyvesponchig A & Ma emt f plla has foam +r 7 L Eek, =O 1 Lx e aa poh aa ww. a MMS ay Seconclly, La hey. ‘ei 4 hep eboge nl onl Corvesponeliiy La Lirmivek th. Lolo ,, L, betta i founel uk + a, Veh 7® Ow £=41 @ Vv ae But enteral pses tomes of Ue cell “4, = (E-)# = y =(4-17 8 Note 1 Electuie current 4 Sealer & ib vector Laws cemene 46 door wih obey 2 Comrenk dinsity 4 yector, Becaese ib obeys vector Mncos 99 Conelckively .— Hegh pressure > Effect a high Pp ibaole aL atone pelo abies » Hecbiverl uctevitivs olepeucl or Ale banctom anct Hhremel conel pnodiow 4 free glactions onel nok on the aphidincke atom, vebratcous «5° Ahaiefn prem Aus Wo obteck t on electiestl and thon week enrdluchivities * ee aver, polinliomeben ele Ae Ape 1 Then Gell cll noe he AA Hors vk Me Aig five Auwh ory wire <4 py Cecanze oe age bt rer, tw Chis Case- As yolkinelin ww peas ers 6 pleat ee pet SG Shaun correct PP Gaede DD» Bern ree wats B vodem alors o ig Loreal 27 Pe nolan ote & if cow potivtink gpcrctionds © Folt Lint pow ui€ > 7 de woive - ke, petardcet. teen oye: tag 9 Concltion for ioleat cent ytive's byiolge, P=A=R=S 4 Condatcwn for alak melin botelge r- “Sha Aebenser pork gre, Le oe Me coukn 4 metin briclye wwiha- lo It He pestioos of ant gorvonem ti ara ‘tinchangert pu crlenkiloue's brio. melt botidge, Mina +O wipe cine Ul spesehion of balonee pote «