Churchlands Senior High School

2APHY and 2BPHY: Formulae and Constants Sheet

MOTION AND FORCE ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS

Concept Formula Concept Formula
s v+u Force between
Velocity (ave) Vav = or = kq1q 2
t 2 charged F=
distance particles d2
Speed speed =
t
v−u Electrical
q = It
Acceleration a= charge
t
Newton’s s = ut + 1/2 at2
Ohm’s Law V = IR
Equations of v2 = u2 + 2as
Motion v = u + at
F = ma Work work = qV = VIt
Force
Impulse Impulse = Ft
V2
Change in Power P = VI = I 2 R =
Ft = mv - mu R
momentum
ρ = mv Resistors in RT = R1 + R2 + R3
Momentum
series
ρ before = ρ after 1 1 1 1
Conservation = + +
of momentum m1u1 + m2u2 Æ m1v1 + m2v2 RT R1 R2 R3
Resistors in
Fw = mg parallel
Weight
RT = (R1-1 + R2-1 + R3-1)-1
Work work = Fs
Ek = ½mv2
Energy
Ep = mgh Resistivity l
W ΔE
R =ρ
Power P= = = Fv av A
t t

NUCLEAR PHYSICS HEATING AND COOLING

Concept Formula Concept Formula
Eb (J) = md (kg) x c2
Binding Eb (MeV) = md (u) x 931
Specific heat Q = mc Δ T
energy Eb(J) = Eb(MeV) x 1.6 x 10-13

Energy E
Absorbed dose =
mass m
Latent heat Q = mL
Dose Absorbed dose x QF
equivalent (QF = Quality Factor)
2 n A0
= Method of
1 A Heat lost = Heat gained
Half-life Mixtures
A = A 0 (12 )
n

ΔN Ideal Gas Law

Activity A =
Δt

1
 USEFUL INFORMATION (From STAWA Exploring Physics Stage 2)
Specific Heat Capacity (J kg-1 K-1) Atomic Masses

• Human Body ……………………. 3500 Isotope Atomic Isotope Atomic

• Methylated spirits ……………….. 2500 mass (u) mass (u)
Hydrogen-1 1.00783 Krypton-92 91.92616
• Alcohol (ethanol) ………………... 2430
Hydrogen-2 2.01355 Iodine-131 130.90613
• Air ……………………………….. 1000 Hydrogen-3 3.01605 Barium-141 140.91441
• Aluminium ………………………. 900 Helium-3 3.01603 Xenon-142 141.92971
• Stainless steel ……………………. 445 Helium-4 4.00260 Gold-198 197.96824
• Iron ……………………………… 440 Litium-7 7.01601 Mercury-198 197.96677
• Copper …………………………... 390 Carbon-12 12.00000 Thorium-134 234.04360
• Brass …………………………….. 370 Carbon-14 14.00324 Uranium-235 235.04393
• Lead (solid) .…………………….. 130 Nitrogen-14 14.00307 Uranium-238 238.05079
• Mercury …………………………. 140 Oxgyen-17 16.99913 Plutonium-239 239.05216
• Water • 1u = 931 MeV
Ice …………………………… 2100 • 1 MeV = 1.6 x 10-13 J
Liquid ……………………….. 4180 • 1 u = 1.6606 x 10-27 kg
Steam ………………………... 2000 • speed of light, c = 3.0 x 108 ms-1
Quality Factors
Latent Heat (J kg-1)
Alpha particles 20
Substance Latent Heat Latent heat of Fast neutrons 10
of Fusion Vaporisation Slow neutrons 3
Aluminium 3.90 x 105 1.05 x 107 Beta particles 1
Alcohol 1.05 x 105 8.41 x 105 Gamma rays 1
Copper 2.05 x 105 4.8 x 106 X-rays 1
Iron 2.76 x 105 6.34 x 106 Note: Radiation from neutrons is only found around
Lead 2.5 x 104 8.6 x 105 nuclear reactors and neutron bomb explosions.
Silver 1.05 x 105 2.35 x 106
Prefixes
Water 3.34 x 105 2.26 x 106
Pico = p = 10-12 centi = c = 102
nano = n = 10-9 kilo = k = 103
Electrostatic Constant
micro = μ = 10-6 mega = M = 106
k = 9.0 x 109 Nm2C-2
milli = m = 10-3
PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
1 2
H He
1.008 4.003
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
6..941 9..012 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.30 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.61 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 98.91 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5 180.9 183.9 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 210.0 210.0 222.0
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 109
Fr Ra Ac Unq Unp Unh Uns Une
223.0 226.0 227.0

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.1 140.9 144.2 144.9 150.4 152.0 157.2 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.0 231.0 238.0 237.0 239.1 243.1 247.1 247.1 252.1 252.1 257.1 256.1 259.1 260.1