ITM (SLS) BARODA UNIVERSITY, VADODARA

B.E. SEMESTER-6 ( ALL BRANCHES )

CALCULUS & LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (C2610D3)
TUTORIAL-4
MULTIPLE INTEGRATION

* Double Integration in Cartesian Co-ordinates

Double Integration as a limit of sums:
n

∬ f (x , y) dxdy = lim ∑ f (x k , y k )Δ A k ,where Δ A=Δ x Δ y

n→∞ k=1
R

Thm:1 Fubini's Theorem:(First form)

If f(x,y) is continuous function throughout the rectangular region R :a⩽x⩽b , c⩽ y⩽d then
d b b d

∬ f (x , y) dA = ∫∫ f ( x , y )dxdy = ∫∫ f (x , y ) dydx
R c a a c
Note:Here,you can take any limit first accordingly you have to do integration.

Thm:2 Fubini's Theorem:(Second form)

If f(x,y) is continuous function ton a region R
1.If R is defined by a⩽x⩽b , g1 ( x)⩽ y⩽g2 ( x ) with g1 and g2 are continuous on [a,b]
b g2(x)

∬ f (x , y) dA == ∫∫ f ( x , y) dydx
R a g1(x)
2.1.If R is defined by c⩽ y ⩽d ,h 1( y)⩽x⩽h2 ( y ) with h1 and h2 are continuous on [c,d]
d h2 (y )

∬ f (x , y) dA == ∫∫ f ( x , y )dxdy
R c h1 (y )
Note:Variable limits are always inside.

* Rule to find limit of Integration:

Evaluate ∬ f ( x , y)dA ,integrating first w.r.t. y & then w.r.t. x.(considering Verticle strip)
R
step:1 Sketch the region of Integration & lebel tha bounding curves.
Step:2 Find the y-limits of Integration
Imagine a verticle line L cutting through R inb the direction of increasing y.marks the y values
where L enters & leaves.These are y-limits of Integration & are usually functions of x.
Step:3 Find the x-limits of Integration
choose x-limits that includes all the verticle lines through R.
Note:Similarliy you can consider the Horizontal strip.

Example 1: Evaluate ∬ y sin ( xy) dA where R=[1,2]×[0, π]

R
π 2
Solution: ∬ y sin (xy)dA = ∫∫ y sin( xy )dxdy
R 0 1

π
1
= ∫ [−cos( xy)]2 dy
o
π
= ∫ [−cos (2 y)+cos y ]dy
o
π
1
= [ 2
sin 2 y + siny
] 0
=0
 2 π
Note:You can also try above example by taking ∫∫ y sin(xy ) dydx but that would be
1 0
difficult.Try it.

Example 2: Evauate ∬ ( x + y )dydx ,where R is region bounded by x = 0,x = 2, y = x,y = x+2

R

Solution:Here, for y= x,
x 0 0
y 2 2
For y= x+2,
x 0 2
y 2 4
Here x varies from x= 0 to x=2 nad y varies from y = x to y=x+2
1 x+2

∬ ( x + y )dydx = ∫ ∫ (x + y) dydx
R −1 x
2 2 x+2
y
= ∫
o
2
[ xy +
2 ] x
dx
2
( x+ 2) x2
= ∫[ x (x +2)+
2
−x 2−
2
dx ]
o

2 2 2
x x
= ∫[ 2
x +2 x+
2
2
+2 x+ 2−x −
2
dx ]
o
2
= ∫ (4 x +2) dx
o
2
x2
= [ 4 +2 x
2 ] 0
=12

1 2
Q1. Evaluate ∫∫ (1−6 x 2 y) dxdy
−1 0

Q2. Evauate ∬ (2 x− y 2) dA ,over the triangular region R enclosed between the

R
y = -x+1, y = x+1, y = 3.

sinx
Q3. Calculate ∬ dA ,where R is the triangle in xy-plane bounded by x-axis,the
R
x
line y = x & line x = 1

* Change of Order of Integration:

Convert Horizontal strip to Verticle strip accordingly change limits
∞ ∞ −y
Example 3: Change the order of Integration in ∫∫ ey dydx & hence evaluate the same.
0 x

Solution: Here change the Horizontal strip to Verticle strip

Given that x=0, x=∞ , y=x , y =∞
 By changing the order of integration
∞ ∞ −y ∞ y −y

∫∫ y dydx = ∫∫ ey dxdy
e
0 x 0 0
∞ −y
e y
= ∫ ( x )0 dy
0 y
∞
= ∫ e− y dy
0
∞
= ( e− y )0 = 1
4 2√x

Q4 . Evaluate ∫ ∫ dydx by changing order of Integration.

0 x2
4
Q5. Sketch the region of Integration ,reverse the order of integration & evaluate
2
2 4 −x 2y
xe
∫ ∫ 4− y dydx
0 0
1 √ 1−x 2 y
e
Q6.Change the order of Integration & evaluate ∫∫ y 2 2
dydx
0 0 (e +1) √ 1−x − y

*Double Integration in Polar Co-ordinates:

r=f 1 (θ) , r=f 2 (θ)
Thus, f 1 (θ )⩽r⩽f 1 (θ) .Also the region lies between the line θ=α , θ=β
so, α⩽θ⩽β .Thus,
β f 2 (θ )

∬ f (r , θ) drd θ = ∫ ∫
θ=α r =f 1 (θ )
f (r ,θ)drd θ
R

2 2
Example 4: ∬ r √ a −r drd θ over the upper half of circle r=a cos θ
Solution: Here r = 0 to r=a cos θ and θ=0 to θ=π
π a cos θ
2 2
∬ r √a −r drd θ = ∫ ∫ r √ a2 −r2 drd θ
0 0
π
−1
= ∫ (−2 r ) √ a2−r 2 drd θ
2 0
π
−1
= ∫ (−2 r ) √ a2−r 2 drd θ
2 0
3 acosθ

[ ]
π 2 2 2
−1 (a −r )
= ∫ 3 dθ
2 0
2 0
π
−1 3
= a ∫ sin 3 θ d θ
3 0
π
2
−2 3 3
= a ∫ sin θ d θ
3 0

4 3
= a
9
Q7 . Evaluate ∬ r 3 sin 2 θ drd θ over the area bounded in the first quadrant between the
R
circles r = 2 to r =4.
π 1−sinθ
2
Q8.Evaluate ∫ ∫ r cos θ drd θ
0 0

*Changing to Polar Co-ordinates:

The coversion formula are
2 2 2 −1 y
In Polar co-ordinates x=r cos θ , y=r sin θ ⇒ r =x + y ; θ=tan ( )
x
dxdy=|J|drd θ=rdrd θ

∬ f (r , θ) drd θ = ∬ f ( r cos θ , r sin θ)drd θ

R S

a √ a 2− y 2
Example 5: Evaluate ∫ ∫ y 2 √ x 2 + y 2 dxdy changing into polar co-ordinates.
0 0
2 2 2 −1 y
Solution: By using polar co-ordinates x=r cos θ , y=r sin θ ⇒ r =x + y ; θ=tan ( )
x
2 2 2 2 2 2
x=0, x=a and x=0, x =√ a − y ⇒ x + y =a
π
a √ a 2− y 2 2 a

∫ ∫ y 2 √ x 2 + y 2 dxdy = ∫ ∫ r 2 sin 2 θ r 2 dr d θ
0 0 0 r =0
π
2 a
(1−cos 2θ)
= ∫ ∫ r4 2
dr d θ
0 r =0
5 a π
r θ + sin 2 θ a5 π
= [ ][
5 0 2 2 ]
0
2
=
20

2 2
a −√ a −x

Q9. Evaluate ∫ ∫ dydx transforming into polar co-ordinates.

−a −√ a2−x 2

4a y 2 2
Q10.Evaluate c ∫ ∫ xx 2−+ yy2 dxdy changing into polar co-ordinates.
0 y
2

4a

*Change of Variables:(xy-plane to uv- plane)

Theorem:Let R and S be the region in xy-plane and uv-plane respectively.Let

x=g(u , v ), y=h(u , v) be the transformations such that each point in R is the image
∂( x , y )
of a unique point in S.If f is continuous on R and J = ≠0 on R,then
∂(u , v )
∬ f (x , y) dxdy=∬ f [g( u , v), h(u , v )]|J|dudv
R S
 y
+1
4 2
2 x− y 2 x− y y
Example 6: Evaluate ∫∫ dxdy by applying transformations u= ,v=
0 y 2 2 2
2

y
+1
4 2
2 x− y
Solution: ∫∫ dxdy By using limits of Integration,
0 y 2
2
y y
x= x= +1, y=0, y=4 .........................(i)
2, 2
2 x− y y
solving u= ,v= for x and y,we get
2 2
2 x− y
u= ⇒2 u=2 x−2 v
2
x ⇒u+ v
x=u+ v , y=2 v ........................(ii)

Then,xy-plane equations in (i) can be converted into uv-equations using (ii) as

y
x= ⇒u+ v=v ⇒u=0
2
y
x= +1 ⇒u+ v=v+ 1⇒ u=1
2
y=0 ⇒ v=0 , y=4 ⇒ v=2
The region S in uv-plane corresponding to the region R in xy -plane is

∂x

J=

Therefore,
=
∂ x ∂v
∂( x , y ) ∂u ∂ y
∂(u , v ) ∂ y ∂ v
∂u
| | = |1 2| = 2
0 2

y
+1
4 2 2 1
2 x− y
∫∫ dxdy = ∫ ∫ u|J|dudv
0 y 2 v=0 u=0
2
2 1
= ∫∫ 2 u dudv =2
0 0
1 1−x y
Q11.Evaluate ∫∫ e x+ y dydx by changing the variables x+ y=u , y=uv
0 0
(Winter 2014)

* Triple Integration :
Triple Integration as a limit of Sums:
If f(x,y,z) is continuous function defined in some region V of xy-space bounded by a
closed surface S,then
n

∭ f (x , y , z) dxdydz = lim ∑ f ( x k , y k , z k ) Δ V k ,where Δ V k =Δ x k⋅Δ y k⋅Δ z k

n→∞ k=1
v
 ∭ f ( x , y , z) dV = ∫ [∫ [∫ f (x , y , y )dz ]dx ]dy
v

1 x √x + y
Example 7: Evaluate ∫∫ ∫ z dzdydx
0 0 0
1 x √x + y 1 x 2 √ x+ y
z
Solution: ∫∫ ∫
0 0 0
z dzdydx = ∫∫
0 0
[ ] 2 0
dydx

1 x
x+ y
= ∫∫
0 0
[ ] 2
dydx
1 2 x
1 y
= ∫
2 0 [ ]
xy +
2 0
dx

1
1 x2
=
2
∫[ ]
x+
2
2
dx
0

1
3 2
= ∫ (x )dx
4 o

3 1
3 x 1
=
4 3 [ ] 0
=
4

1 √ 1−x 2 √ 1−x 2− y 2
Q12. Evaluate ∫∫ ∫ xyz dzdydx .
0 0 0
x
e log y e

Q13. Evaluate ∫ ∫ ∫ log z dzdxdy .

0 1 1
1 √ z 2π
Q14. Evaluate ∫∫∫ (r 2 cos 2 θ+ z2 )r d θ drdz .
0 0 0

Answers :
Q1. 4
8
Q2.
3
Q3 . 1−cos 1
16
Q4.
3
1 8
Q5 . (e −1)
4
Q6. π log ( e−1 )
2 2
Q7. 60
Q8. 0
Q9. π a 2
5 (e−1) 1 π
Q10. 8 a2 ( π − ) Q11 . Q12. Q13. e (e+ 1) Q14.
2 2 2 48 3