Gas Compressors

By: Engr. Jordan L. Ronquillo RMEE

 Objectives

• Define compressor and enumerate the different types of gas compressors.

• Draw the P-V and T-S diagram for both rotary, centrifugal and reciprocating
compressors.
• Draw the schematic diagrams of the systems for reaction turbine and impulse
turbine.
• Determine the different formulas involve in gas compressors.
• Analyze and Solve problems about gas compressors.
Definition

Gas compressors – is a machine used to transport gas from one point to

another point with higher energy level.

Practical uses of compressed air

Operation of small engines and pneumatic tools

Operation of air hoists
Cleaning of air blast
Tire inflation
Paint spraying
Air lifting of liquids
Types of Gas Compressors

1. Reciprocating compressors
a). Single-Stage
b). Multi-stage

2. Rotary compressors
a). Screw type
b). Gear type
c). Vane type

3). Centrifugal gas compressors

a). Single stage
b). Multi-stage
Rotary and Centrifugal Compressors

Centrifugal compressor is a compressor in which the compression of gas

is accomplished through the action of centrifugal force.

Rotary compressor is a compressor in which the compression action is

accomplished by the use of rotating elements in the form of screws,
gears, or vanes.
Analysis of Rotary and Centrifugal Compressors

• In the energy analysis of rotary and centrifugal compressors, the

general energy equation for the steady flow, open system is applied.

Where: ∆P = 0, ∆K =0, Q = 0 (adiabatic compression)

 𝑘 −1
𝑘 𝑃2 𝑘
Wc = 𝑃1𝑉1 − 1 (Isentropic Work)
1−𝑘 𝑃1

𝑛 −1
𝑛 𝑃2 𝑛
Wc = 𝑃1𝑉1 − 1 (Polytropic Work)
1−𝑛 𝑃1

Where:
Reciprocating Compressors

• In the reciprocating compressors, the compression of gas is accomplished

thorough the back and forth movement of the piston or plunger inside the
cylinder.

• These compressors can be single or multi-stage.

P-V and T-S diagram
 𝑘 −1
𝑘 𝑃2 𝑘
Wc = 𝑃1𝑉1 − 1 (Isentropic Work)
1−𝑘 𝑃1

𝑛 −1
𝑛 𝑃2 𝑛
Wc = 𝑃1𝑉1 − 1 (Polytropic Work)
1−𝑛 𝑃1

Where: