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9. Light - Reflection and Refraction
9. Light - Reflection and Refraction
Made with
by
Gaurav Suthar
LIGHT
- Light has the maximum speed in this world. Its value is 3x108 m/s.
Reflection
Coming back of light rays to the same medium when they fall on a
surface.
Laws of Reflection
Normal
5) Example - 5) Example -
1) Plane Mirror
RAY DIAGRAMS
Some Rules –
Image
Position – At ‘F’
Nature – Real, Inverted
Size – Very Small
Image
Position – Between ‘F’ and ‘C’
Nature – Real, Inverted
Size – Small
Image
Position – At ‘C’
Nature – Real, Inverted
Size – Same Size
Image
Position – Beyond ‘C’
Nature – Real, Inverted
Size – Big Size
Image
Position – At Infinity
Nature – Real, Inverted
Size – Very Big Size
Image
Position – Behind Mirror
Nature – Virtual, Erect
Size –Big Size
Image
Position – At ‘F’
Nature – Virtual, Erect
Size – Very Small Size
Image
Position – Between ‘P’ and ‘F’
Nature – Virtual, Erect
Size – Small Size
At the focus F,
At Infinity Very Small Virtual and Erect
Behind the mirror
3) Pole is origin.
1 1 1
= +
f v u
f Focal length
v Image distance
u Object distance
Magnification
hi -v
m= =
ho u
hi height of Image
ho height of Object
If
m = - ve Image will be Real and Inverted
m = + ve Image will be Virtual and Erect(Straight)
Cause of Refraction?
As we know speed of light is different in different media, i.e.
more in rarer medium and comparatively less in denser medium.
So, when light enters a denser medium, its speed reduces and it
bends towards the normal and when it enters rarer medium, its
speed increases and it bends away from the normal
Laws of Refraction
1) The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to the
interface of two transparent media at the point of incidence,
all lie in the same plane.
- It is expressed as :
sin i
= μ = constant [ “μ” is refractive index ]
sin r
Refractive Index
μ2 Sin i
1μ2 = =
μ1 Sin r
aμg
wμg =
aμw
For e.g.,
or
RAY DIAGRAMS
Some Rules –
CONVEX LENS
Image
Position – At ‘F’
Nature – Real, Inverted
Size – Very Small
Image
Position – Between ‘F’ and ‘C’
Nature – Real, Inverted
Size – Small
Image
Position – At ‘C’
Nature – Real, Inverted
Size – Same Size
Image
Position – Beyond ‘C’
Nature – Real, Inverted
Size – Big Size
Image
Position – At Infinity
Nature – Real, Inverted
Size – Very Big Size
Image
Position – Behind Mirror
Nature – Virtual, Erect
Size –Big Size
Position of
Position of Image Size of Image Nature of Image
Object
Magnifying
िजनक� पास Glasses
क� नज़र कमजोर होती है Used
Used in
in making
making Camera
Camera Lens
Lens
उनक� चश्मा(Specs) म� Convex
Lens होता है
Image
Position – At ‘F’
Nature – Virtual, Erect
Size – Very Small Size
Image
Position – Between ‘P’ and ‘F’
Nature – Virtual, Erect
Size – Small Size
Lens Formula
1 1 1
= -
f v u
f Focal length
v Image distance
u Object distance
Magnification
hi v
m= =
ho u
hi height of Image
ho height of Object
P = P1 + P2 + P3