Shivani Rana

Chapter 3

Stress

Eustress Distress

Types of Appraisal: Lazarus & Folkman

Primary Appraisal
Secondary
- Neutral, +ve,-ve
Appraisal
- Harm & Threat

Types of Stress

Physical & Psychological

Environmental Stress Social Stress
Stress - Frustration
- Conflict
- Internal Pressure
- Social Pressure

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Sources of Stress

Life events
- Holmes & Rahe Hassels Traumatic Events
- Presumptive
Stressful life
events Scale

Effects of Stress

Emotional Physiological Effects Cognitive Behavioural

Effects - Adrenaline Effects Effects
- Mood - Cortisol - Faulty decision - Eating less
swings - Slow Digestive - Poor - increase
- Erratic System concentration stimulants &
behaviour - Increase Heart rate - Short term tranquillisers
- Alienation - Blood Pressure memory - Poor
- Anxiety concentration
- Depression - Disturbed
Sleep patterns

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General Adaptation Syndrome

Hans Selye

Alarm Reaction Resistance Exhaustion

- Activation of Adrenal - adequate use of - stress related
pituitary cortex resources diseases
- Sympathetic nervous - parasympathetic - blood pressure
system nervous system - heart disease
- Fight / Flight

Dual functioning of
Hypothalamus

Stress

Hypothalamus

ANS Pituitary gland

Adrenal Gland Stress hormone

- Epinephrine & - Corticosteroid/
Norepinephrine Cortisol
- Flight / Flight

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Psychoneuroimmunology

White blood cells /

Leucocytes

T cells B cells Natural Killer

Coping Strategies

Endler & Parker Lazarus & Folkman

- Task oriented - Problem Focused
- Emotion Oriented - Emotion Focused
- Avoidance Oriented

Stress Management Techniques

Exercise Creative Visualisation Meditation procedure

Cognitive Behavioural Biofeedback Relaxation Training

Technique - 3 stages: awareness, - Head to toe
- Also called stress learning & transferring relaxation
inoculation training
- by Meichenbaum
- 3 phases: assessment,
techniques, followup

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Stress Resistant Personality

- given by Kobasa
- Also called Hardiness
- 3 C’s : Commitment, Control &
Challenge

Life Skills

Assertiveness Time Rational Improving Self overcoming

Management Thinking Relationship Care unhelpful
habits

Positive Health

Diet Exercise Positive Positive Social Support

Attitude Thinking - Tangible Support
- Informational Support
- Emotional Support

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