5

1
2
A B C D

3
5
4
5
6
 (gamete / sex cells)

(sperm) (egg cell)

7
Hemoglobin)

8
 Chromatin

Chromosome
9
 Chromosome

DNA

DNA
gene
10
XX
11
 Homologous chromosome

DNA
gene

allele

12
 allele

T T

13
14
15
16
 T
t

TT
phenotype
tt
Tt
t

genotype
17
 TT tt
Homozygous :

Tt
T t
Heterozygous :

Tt

18
T T

TT :

19
t t

tt :

20
 x
P P p p
PP pp

P P p p

F1
P p P p P p P p

Pp Pp Pp Pp 21
F1 x
P p P p
Pp Pp

P p P p

F
P P P p P p p p

PP Pp Pp pp
22
F
P P P p P p p p

PP Pp Pp pp

PP : Pp : pp %
1:2:1 %
:

:1

23
 T t x T t

T A t T A t

F1
T T T t T t t t

TT Tt Tt tt 24
F1
T T T t T t t t

TT Tt Tt tt

25
 Thalassemia

Albinism

Achondroplasia

26
Albinism

AA Aa aa

27
 Achondroplasia

AA Aa aa

28
Multiple alleles

Sex-linked gene

29
 Multiple alleles
ABO
A
I A
B
I B

i O
30
 Multiple alleles

II ,Ii I I ,I i
A A A B B B
I I
A B
ii
A B AB O

I =I
A B
i
31
 O AB

O ii AB I I
A B

ii x II A B

i i I A
I B

F1 Ii Ii
A B
Ii A
IiB

A B A B
A 50% B 50% 32
A O

A II
A A
Ii A

O ii

II x
A A
ii
Ii x
A
ii
33
 II x
A A
ii
II
A A
x ii
I A
I A
i i
F1 I i Ii
A A
Ii
A
Ii
A

A A A A

A 0%
34
 I i x
A
ii
I i
A
x ii
I A
i i i
F1 I i Ii
A A
ii ii
A A O O
A % O 50%
35
 Sex-linked gene

XY XX
36
Sex-linked gene

C c
XX
X
H
X
Hypertrichosis

37
X
h
X
Color blindness

38
X h
X
G-6-PD

39
Color blindness

40
 Color blindness

C C
X Y XY
c c
X Y XY
C C C C
X X XX
C c C c
X X X X
c c c c
X X XX 41
 c C c
XY x X X
c C c
X Y X X

F1 C c c c C c
X X X X XY XY

42
Hemophilia

43
 Hemophilia

H H
X Y XY
h h
X Y XY
H H H H
X X XX
H h H h
X X X X
h h h h
X X XX 44
 H h h
XY x X X
H h h
X Y X X

H h h h
F1 H h
XX XX XY XY

45
 ABO

X Y

G-6-PD
46
 O-NET
14.1

47
 O-NET

14.2 B A O
O

1/4

48
 O-NET
14.3

AB 4

49
 O-NET

14.4 A O
AB

i
i
i
IA IB

50
 O-NET
14.5

X
X
X
X
Y

51
O-NET

52