LET MATHEMATICS

REVIEW
MET Review Specialists
MATHEMATICS:
General Education
 Fractions
 Integers and Integer Operation
 Ratio and Proportion
 Simplifying Algebraic Expressions
 Algebra Word Problems
 Basic Statistics
The Real Number
System
 Real Numbers

Irrational Numbers
Fractions:
the basics
Definition: a Fraction is defined as ratio or quotient
of 2 numbers where the denominator must not be
equal to 0
Ex. 5/8 , 4/11 , 12/12
In a fraction a/b, where a and b are positive integers
and b is not equal to 0,
If a is less than b (a<b) then a/b is PROPER FRACTION
Ex.
If a is greater than or equal to b (a≥b) then a/b is an
IMPROPER FRACTION
Ex.

Fractions
Definition: a MIXED NUMBER is the sum of whole
number and a fraction
Ex.

Convert the ff. to mixed numbers

Convert the ff. to improper fractions

Fractions
Definition: a PRIME NUMBER is a number with two
divisors or factors only. ( 1 and itself)
EXAMPLE
13 has 1 and 13 as divisors or factors
29 has 1 and 29 as divisors or factors
Definition: a COMPOSITE NUMBER is a number with
more than 2 divisors or factors.
EXAMPLE
15 has 1,3,5 and 15 as divisors or factors
24 has 1,2,3,4,6,8,12 and 24 as divisors or
factors NOTE: 2 is the smallest prime number
4 is the smallest composite number
1 is neither prime nor composite number
Fractions
Definition:The LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE
(LCM) of 2 positive integers a and b is the
smallest integer that is divisible by a and
divisible by b
EXAMPLE: Find the LCM of 18 and 24
METHOD 1: Prime Factorization

The LCM therefore will be the product of the

greatest power of each kind of factors

Fractions
METHOD 2: Division Method
2 | 18,24
2 | 9,12
2 | 9.6
3 | 9,3
3 | 3,1
| 1,1

Fractions
EXAMPLE: 15 and 36
METHOD 1: Prime Factorization

METHOD 2: Division Method

2 | 15,36
2 | 15,18
3 | 15,9
3 | 5,3
5 | 5,1
| 1,1
Fractions
3. 18 and 18

4. 11 and 8

NOTE: The LCM of 2 numbers that are relatively prime to each

other (example: 11 and 8) is the product of the given 2 numbers
Fractions
ADDITION OF FRACTIONS
EXAMPLES

Fractions
SUBTRACTION OF FRACTIONS
EXAMPLES

Fractions
Definition: The Greatest Common
Factor/Divisor (GCF OR GCD) of two numbers
(a and b) is the largest factor or divisor
common to both a and b
EXAMPLE: Find the GCD or GCF of the
following
1. 18 and 24
METHOD 1: List all the divisors of 18 and 24
Divisors or factors of 18 ={1,2,3,6,9,18}
Divisors or factors of 24= {1,2,3,4,6,8,12,24}
Common Divisors= {1,2,3,6} GCD/GCF =
Fractions
METHOD 2: Prime Factorization

The GCD/GCF therefore will be the product of

the least powers of each kind of factors.

15 and 36
METHOD 1: List all the divisors of 15 and 36.

Fractions
Divisors or Factors of 15= {1,3,5,15}
Divisors or Factors of 36= {1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36}
Common Factors={1,3}
GCD/GCF= 3

METHOD 2: Prime Factorization

Fractions
8 and 8

12 and 13

NOTE: The GCF/GCD of 2 numbers which are

relatively prime to each other is 1, like 12 and 13
Fractions
MULTIPLICATION OF FRACTIONS

EXAMPLES
OR

Or by cancellation process using the30principle

BEING THE GCDof
OF 90 AND
600
GCD

Fractions
DIVISION OF FRACTIONS

EXAMPLE

Fractions
Integers
 Addition
of Integers
 Adding Integers with
the SAME SIGN:
1. Add the absolute values.
2. Retain the sign of the addends.
 Adding Integers with
DIFFERENT SIGNS:
1. Subtract the absolute values.
2. Use the sign of the integer with
the greater absolute value.
 (-14) + (-17)
(-27) + (-13)
19 + (-24)
(-60) + 20
34 + (-10) + 15
(-20) + 36 + (-23)
Subtraction
of Integers
 Subtracting Integers:
1. Reverse the sign of the subtrahend.
2. Convert the operation from
subtraction to addition.
3. Evaluate using the rules of integer
addition, whichever is necessary.
1. Reverse the sign of the subtrahend.
2. Convert the operation from subtraction to addition.
3. Evaluate using the rules of integer addition,
whichever is necessary.

15 – 8
15 – (-8)
15 + (-8)
7
1. Reverse the sign of the subtrahend.
2. Convert the operation from subtraction to addition.
3. Evaluate using the rules of integer addition,
whichever is necessary.

(-18) – (6)
(-18) – (-6)
(-18) + (-6)
-24
 Solving Integer
Addition and
Subtraction in Series
 (-27) + (-13) – (8)
(-15) + (10) – 25 + (-12)
19 + (-24) – (15) – (-12)
Multiplication and
Division of Integers
 Multiplication and
Division of Integers
with the SAME SIGN:
When multiplying or
dividing integers with the
same sign, the product or
quotient is POSITIVE.
 (23)(10)
(-12)(-4)
50 ÷ 25
(-49) ÷ (-7)
 Multiplication and
Division of Integers
with DIFFERENT SIGNS:
When multiplying or dividing
integers with different signs, the
product or quotient is NEGATIVE.
 (32)(-3)
(-15)(4)
55 ÷ (-11)
(-63) ÷ (9)
 Integer
Multiplication and
Division in Series
When multiplying or dividing
integers in series:
CASE 1: Using × or · for multiplication
CASE 2: Using ( ) for multiplication
CASE 1: Using × or · for multiplication
Evaluate from left to right.

12 ÷ 6 × 2
=4
 CASE 1: Using ( ) for multiplication
Evaluate the expressions
that use parentheses first.
12 ÷ 6 (2)
=1
(-18) ÷ (-6)(1)
=3
(48) (-2) ÷ (12)
= -8
(-15)(-4) ÷ (-3)(2)
= -10
 Order of
Operations
Grouping
Exponents
Multiplication
Division
Addition
Subtraction
4+2×3
= 10
4+3 2

= 13
4 – 3[2 – 2(6 – 3)] ÷ 2
2

=7
 Ratio and
Proportion
 A ratio is the expression of the
relationship between or among
quantities.
A proportion is the expression of
equality between ratios.
 a:b is read as

a is to b
 means
a:b = c:d
extremes
a:b = c:d
Rule of Proportionality
The product of the means is
equal to the product of the
extremes.
 If there are four laptops
for every six students,
how many laptops should
48 students need?
 A survey says that four out of
five individuals have smart
phones. If the total number of
people surveyed who had smart
phones was 1,000, how many
did not have smart phones?
 ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION
mathematical expression that is
composed of constants, variables,
symbols, and operations.
 CONSTANT
a fixed, well-defined number
Examples:
5, -10, π
 VARIABLE
a symbol that stands for a quantity,
usually one that is unknown
Examples:

x, a, ,
 EXPONENT
a number that tells how many times
another number – called the base – is
multiplied by itself
Examples:
5 ,x ,2
3 4 x
 TERMS
expressions that are separated
by plus or minus signs
Examples:
4x has 1 term
3x + 2y has 2 terms
x – y +3z has 3 terms
 COEFFICIENT
a multiplicative factor in a term
Numerical Coefficient
Literal Coefficient
 2x
What is the numerical coefficient?
2
What is the literal coefficient?
x
 -12a b 2 3
What is the numerical coefficient?
-12
What is the literal coefficient?
ab
2 3
 -12a b 2 3
What is the coefficient of a ?
2

-12b 3

What is the coefficient of b ?

3

-12a 2
3x + 11x - 3
2
DEGREE OF AN
EXPRESSION
DEGREE OF AN EXPRESSION
IN ONE VARIABLE
The degree of an expression in one
variable is the HIGHEST EXPONENT of
that variable in the expression.
 Consider
3x + 11x - 3
2
deg(3x )
2
deg(11x)
deg(3)
DEGREE OF AN EXPRESSION
IN MULTIPLE VARIABLES
The degree of an expression in multiple
variables is the sum of the exponents of
the variables in that expression.
 Consider
3x y + 21x y
4 5 3 2
deg(3x y )
4 5
deg(21x y )
3 2
LAWS OF EXPONENTS
LOE 1: Product of Powers
(x )(x ) = x
m n m+n
(2 )(2 ) = 2 = 2
2 4 (2+4) 6

(x )(x )
14 7

(a )(a )
8 13

(y )(x )
2 4
LOE 2: Power of Powers
(x ) = x
m n mn
(2 ) = 2 = 2
2 4 2(4) 8

(x )
4 7

(a )
9 11

(b )
2 123
LOE 3: Power of Products
(xyz) = x y z
m m m m
[(2)(3)] = 2 3 = (4)(9) = 36
2 2 2

(xyz) 5

(a b )
2 3 3

(c d e )
4 7 12 4

(a + b )
2 3 2
 (5wx y z )
2 3 2 3

(-2a b c d)
3 2 5 4

[(2p )(-3q )(4r )]

4 3 2 2
 (2 )(2 )
3 2

(-1) (-1)
8 11

(x )(x )
15 13

(y ) (y )
3 3 2 4

(a b c d )
2 3 5 4 2
LOE 4: Quotient of Powers
x = xm-n
m

x n
24
= 2 (4-2)
= 2 2
2 2
x15

x 9
n24

n 23
(pq)10

(pq) 7
(a b c )
2 3 2 7

(a b c )
2 3 2 2
LOE 5: Power of Quotient

( )
m
x xm

y = y m
( )
4
3 3
4
= 4
2 2
 x
( )
5

y
( )
2 6

a
( )
4
2x
y 2
( )
5
mn
3 4

k 4
LOE 6: Zero Power
x =1
0
LOE 7: Negative Powers
1 1
x = n
-n
= x n
x x -n
 -3 =
1 1
2 3 =
2 8
 x-12

wx -19

ab c2 -4

4a b c d
4 -5 -10 5
x5

x 9
(pq) 12

(pq) 16
 a bc
12 9 8

a b c
17 11 15
abc
6 9 13

ab c
4 11 16
(a b c )
2 5 4 2

(ab c)
3 4
POLYNOMIALS
 POLYNOMIAL
an algebraic expression with
terms that include variables with
whole number exponents only
3x + 11x - 3
2
-2x + 12x – 3√x
3 2
2x y + 3xy - 5
2 2
3x 2

y 2
DEGREE
DEGREE OF A POLYNOMIAL
IN ONE VARIABLE
The degree of a polynomial in one
variable is the HIGHEST EXPONENT of
that variable in the expression.
deg(3x + 11x – 3)
2
deg(-x + 3x – 3x)
3 2
deg(-7x + 3x )
7 4
 DEGREE OF A POLYNOMIAL
IN MULTIPLE VARIABLES
The degree of a polynomial in multiple
variables is the HIGHEST SUM OF
EXPONENTS OF ALL VARIABLES among
the terms in that expression.
deg(3x y + 21x y )
4 5 3 2
deg(x yz + 2xy z )
2 3 3 5
KINDS OF POLYNOMIALS
 according to the number
of terms
 according to degree
 KINDS OF POLYNOMIALS
ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF TERMS
# of terms Polynomial name
1 Monomial
2 Binomial
3 Trinomial
4 or more Multinomial
KINDS OF POLYNOMIALS
ACCORDING TO DEGREE
Degree Polynomial name
0 Constant
1 Linear
2 Quadratic
3 Cubic
4 Quartic
5 Quintic
 2x + 2
2x 2

9x – 3x + 2x
5 2 3

4x – 4x – 3x – 5
2 3

5x + 4x – 6x
4 2 3
 7x + 2x
5 3

-12x + 2x - 6x
4 3 2

150 – x
-4x 2
 Polynomials
 Terms of Polynomials
 Degree of Polynomials
 Laws of Exponents
 ADDING and
SUBTRACTING
POLYNOMIALS
LIKE/SIMILAR TERMS
• constants
• algebraic expressions with the
same VARIABLE AND EXPONENT.
 When adding/subtracting
polynomials, COMBINE LIKE
TERMS. That is, add/subtract
the coefficients of the similar
terms and retain the literal
coefficients.
CONSIDER:
2x + 5x
= (2+5)x
= 7x
CONSIDER:
2x – 5x
= (2-5)x
= -3x
 CONSIDER:
-4y + 2y
= (-4+2)y
= -2y
CONSIDER:
4x + 2y
= 4x + 2y
 CONSIDER:
5x + (-7y) + 2y + (-8x)
= [5+(-8)]x + (-7+2)y
= -3x + (-5y)
= -3x – 5y
 CONSIDER:
5x - (7x) - 2y - (-8y)
= (5-7)x – 2y - (-8y)
= -2x – 2y + 8y
= -2x + 6y
 CONSIDER:
3x + (-7x) - 2x + 11x
2 2

= (3-2)x + (-7+11)x
2

= x + 4x
2
 3x + (-5x) - (-6x) + 9x
4y + (-5y ) + 9y - (-10y )
2 2 2 2

4ab - 4ab + 4a b - 4a b
2 2 2 2

3m + (-5m ) + (-6m ) - 9m
4 3 4 4

15n + (-25n) - 36n + (-18n )

2 2
 REMOVING
GROUPING SYMBOLS
 CONSIDER:
2x + (5x – 2y)
= 2x + 5x – 2y
= 7x – 2y
 REMEMBER:
Removing a grouping symbol
that comes after a (+) sign
WILL NOT ALTER THE SIGNS
of the terms inside the
grouping symbols.
 CONSIDER:
2x - (5x – 2y)
= 2x – 5x + 2y
= -3x + 2y
 REMEMBER:
Removing a grouping symbol
that comes after a (-) sign
REVERSES THE SIGNS of the
terms inside the grouping
symbols.
3x + (-5x – 2x + 9x)
3x – 5x – 2x + 9x
[3 – 5 – 2 + 9]x
5x
3x - (-5x – 2x + 9x)
3x + 5x + 2x - 9x
[3 + 5 + 2 - 9]x
x
 (3x – 5y) + (-6x + 4y)
(4x - 5y ) – (9y – 10x )
2 2 2 2

7a b – (8a b + 3a b - 3a b)
2 2 2 2

-3m – (-5m – 6m + 9m )
4 4 4 3
MULTIPLYING
POLYNOMIALS
To multiply a monomial
by polynomials, apply
the DISTRIBUTIVE
PROPERTY OF
MULTIPLICATION.
 Remember to apply
the necessary laws of
exponents.
 Also, remember that the
product of two monomials
is composed of:
PRODUCT OF NUMERICAL COEFFICIENTS
PRODUCT OF LITERAL COEFFICIENTS
For instance,
(3x )(4x )
2 3

12x 5
 For instance,
4x (2x + 3x)
2 3

8x + 12x
5 3
Simplify the following:
1) m(m – 2)
2) 5q(3q – 7)
3) 2a(a – 4)
4) y(y – 5y + 2)
2

5) x(x + 5x + 1)
2
 MULTIPLYING
A BINOMIAL BY
ANOTHER BINOMIAL
 Consider
(x+2)(x+1)
 (x+2)(x+1)
=x +x+x+x+1+1
2

=x 2
+ 3x + 2
First Outer Inner Last
(x+2)(x+1)
 So,
(x+2)(x+1)
F - (x)(x) = x2

O - (x)(1) = x
I - (2)(x) = 2x
L - (2)(1) = 2
(x+2)(x+1)
= x + x + 2x + 2
2

=x 2
+ 3x + 2
 Multiply:
(2x + 6)(3x – 4)
 Multiply:
(-3x + 2)(4x – 3)
Use the FOIL Method
(-8x + 5)(3x – 3)
 Consider
(x + 2x - 4)(2x + 3)
2

Can you use the FOIL

Method to find
the product?
 x 2
2x -4
2x 2x 3
4x -8x
2

3 3x2 6x -12
 (x + 2x - 4)(2x + 3)
2

2x + 4x + 3x – 8x + 6x - 12
3 2 2

2x + 7x – 2x – 12
3 2
 Multiply:
(x – 4x + 2)(2x + 5x – 3)
2 2
 DIVIDING
POLYNOMIALS
Consider
100
5
80 + 20
5
WHEN DIVIDING
POLYNOMIALS
divide each term of the
dividend by the divisor
4x + 6x – 20x
5 3 2

2x
20a + 35a – 5a
4 3

5a
15x + 9x – 6x
6 4

3x
 12x + 36x – 20x – 8x
6 4 3 2

4x
18x – 30x – 42x – 6x
14 12 9

6x
25x – 35x + 105x – 10x
5 4 3 2

-5x
 Consider
15x + 9x – 5
6 4

3x
 WHEN DIVIDING
POLYNOMIALS,
divide each term of the
dividend by the divisor. In case
of remainders, express this as a
simplified fraction term.
Conventionally,
the remainder is
expressed as the
last term.
4x + 6x – 21y
5 3

2x
20a + 35a – 2
4 3

5a
11 + 9x – 6x
4

3x
-54x + 62x – 26x + 9
5 3

2x
3a + 2a + 3
4 3

a
15x + 9x – 6x + 5
6 4

3x
ALGEBRAIC
EQUATIONS
Solving Word Problems
POLYA’S 4-STEP STRATEGY
STEP 1: Understand the Problem
Read and understand the
problem carefully. List all the
data involved and identify
what is being asked.
 STEP 2: Devise a plan.
Set-up the mathematical
expression. Draw diagrams or
charts if necessary.
 POSSIBLE STRATEGIES:
 Making lists
 Looking for patterns
 Drawing pictures or diagrams
 Using a model
 Working backward
 Being ingenious
 STEP 3: Carry out the plan.
Evaluate the expression.
Make sure that you are
applying the proper rules in
operating on integers.
 STEP 4: Look back.
After solving, check your
answer and see if all necessary
information have been used
and that the answer is sensible.
 SAMPLE
PROBLEMS
Mt. Everest, the highest elevation
in Asia, is 29,028 feet above sea
level. The Dead Sea, the lowest
elevation, is 1,312 feet below sea
level. What is the difference
between these two elevations?
 SOLUTION
29,028 – (– 1,312)
29,028 – (1,312)
29,028 + (1,312)
30,340 feet
 Roman Civilization began
in 509 B.C.E. and ended in
476 C.E. How long did
Roman Civilization last?
SOLUTION
476 – (– 509)
476 – (509)
476 + (509)
985 years
 One number is 11 more
than three times another.
Their sum is 111. What
are the numbers?
 SOLUTION
Let x = 1st number; 3x + 11 = 2nd number
x + 3x + 11 = 111
4x + 11 = 111
4x = 100
x = 25; 3x + 11 = 86
The numbers are 25 and 86
 Find two consecutive
integers with a sum of 45.
 SOLUTION
Let x = 1st integer; x + 1 = 2nd integer
x + x + 1 = 45
2x + 1 = 45
2x = 44
x = 22; x + 1 = 23
The integers are 22 and 23
Two planes leave Zamboanga City at
1pm. Plane A heads east at 450 kph
and plane B heads due west at 600
kph. How long it will be when the
planes are 2,100 km apart.
 r t d
Plane A 450 x 450x
Plane B 600 x 600x
 SOLUTION
Let x = number of hours before the
planes are 2,100 km apart
450x + 600x = 2,100
1050x = 2,100
x=2
The two planes will be 2,100 km
apart after 2 hours.
Kerry is 3 times as old as his
son now. Four years ago, the
sum of their ages was 36.
How old are they now?
 4 yrs ago now
Kerry 3x – 4 3x
son x–4 x
 SOLUTION
Let x = Kerry’s son’s present age
3x = Kerry’s present age
3x – 4 + x – 4 = 36
4x – 8 = 36
4x = 44
x = 11
Kerry is 33 while his son is 11.
Two years ago, May was thrice
as old as Joy. Five years after,
the difference of their ages will
be 12. How old is May?
 3 yrs
2 yrs ago now from now
May 3x 3x + 2 3x + 5
Joy x x+2 x+5
 SOLUTION
Let x = Joy’s age 2 years ago
3x = May’s age 2 years ago
3x + 5 – (x + 5) = 12
3x + 5 – x – 5 = 12
2x = 12
x = 6; 3x + 2 = 20
May is 20 years old.
 Tom, Dick, and Harry decided to fence
a vacant lot adjoining their properties.
If it would take Tom 4 days to build the
fence, Dick 3 days, and Harry 6 days,
how long would it take them to finish
the job when they work together?
 SOLUTION
Let x = number of days it would take the
three to finish the job working together
(x/4) + (x/3) + (x/6) = 1
12[(x/4) + (x/3) + (x/6) = 1]
3x + 4x + 2x = 12
9x = 12
x = 1⅓ (1 day and 8 hours)
They can finish the job in 1 day and 8 hours.
A rectangle has a length which is
4cm less than three times the
width. The perimeter is 224 cm.
what are the dimensions of the
rectangle?
 SOLUTION
Let x = width, 3x – 4 = length
2x + 2(3x – 4) = 224
2x + 6x – 8 = 224
8x = 232
x = 29; 3x – 4 = 83
The rectangle is 29 by 83 cm.
 A 20% nitric and a 45% nitric acid
solution are to be mixed to make 6
liters of 30% nitric acid. How much
of each must be used?
20% 45% 30%
+ =
x 6–x 6
 SOLUTION
Let x = volume of 20% solution
6 – x = volume of 45% solution
0.2(x) + 0.45(6 – x) = 0.3(6)
20x + 45(6 – x) = 30(6)
20x + 270 – 45x = 180
25x = –90
x = 3.6 liters; 6 – x = 2.4 liters
3.6 liters of 20% and 2.4 liters of 45%
nitric acid solutions must be used.
 May needs a 50% solution of
alcohol. How many liters of pure
alcohol must she add to 10 liters of
40% alcohol solution to get the
proper solution?
100% 40% 50%
+ =
x 10 10 + x
 SOLUTION
Let x = volume of alcohol
1(x) + 0.4(10) = 0.5(10 + x)
10x + 40 = 50 + 5x
5x = 10
x=2
2 liters of pure alcohol must be used.
 A person has 10 coins consisting of 1
peso coins and 5 peso coins. He has 38
pesos. How many 1 peso coins does
the person have? How many 5 peso
coins does he have?
 1 5
+ = 38
10 – x x
 SOLUTION
Let x = number of 5-peso coins
1(10 – x) + 5x = 38
10 – x + 5x = 38
4x = 28
x=7
He has seven 5-peso coins.
 BASIC
STATISTICS
Central Tendency
and Variability
Measures of Central Tendency
are summary measures that
attempt to find a singular
number that may represent
a given distribution of data
MEAN (Arithmetic Average)
1. Add all observations.
2. Divide the sum by the
number of observations.
 Features of the Mean
 Any distribution can only have one
unique mean.
 Usually used when comparing data
in the interval or ratio level
 The mean is affected by outliers
(extreme scores).
 MEDIAN
IMPORTANT: Arrange the observations in
either increasing or decreasing order first.
a) For odd-numbered observations,
the median is the middle
observation.
b) For even-numbered observations,
the median is the average of the
two middle observations.
 Features of the Median
 Any distribution can only have one
unique median.
 This may be used for ordinal level data.
 The median is NOT affected by outliers.
 MODE
The most frequent observation
IMPORTANT:
A distribution may have one mode
(unimodal), multiple (multimodal),
or no mode at all.
 Features of the Mode
 This may be used for all levels of
measurement.
 The median is NOT affected by
outliers.
 Measures of Variability
are expressions of the degree
to which observations are
spread out from each other
 RANGE
The difference between
the extreme observations
 Features of the Range
 Very easy to compute
 Does NOT give a clear picture
of the unaccounted observations
 VARIANCE
The average deviation
of the observations
from the mean
 Variance

S 
2  i
(X  X ) 2

N
STANDARD DEVIATION
The square root
of the variance
Standard Deviation

S
 i
(X  X ) 2

N
Find:
a. Mean
b. Median
4 11
c. Mode 5 9
d. Range
e. Variance 8 3
f. Standard Deviation
 PROBABILITY
The measure of the
likelihood that an
event will occur
 Number of
Desired Outcomes
P(E) =
Total Number
of Possible Outcomes
where

0  P( E )  1
What is the probability of getting
a tail after tossing a coin?

Number of Desired Outcomes

P(tail) =
Total Number of Possible Outcomes

P(tail) =
_1
2
What is the probability of getting
a 5 after rolling a die?

Number of Desired Outcomes

P(5) =
Total Number of Possible Outcomes

P(5) =
_1
6
What is the probability of not getting
a 6 (Event A) after rolling a die?

Number of Desired Outcomes

P(A) =
Total Number of Possible Outcomes

P(A) =
_5
6
What is the probability of getting
a Queen from a standard deck?
Number of Desired Outcomes
P(Queen) =
Total Number of Possible Outcomes

P(Queen) =
_4 _1or
52 13
What is the probability of getting
a red even-numbered card
(Event R) from a standard deck?
Number of Desired Outcomes
P(R) =
Total Number of Possible Outcomes

P(R) = _ _5
10 or
52 26