Sir, Liwag

Instructions:

Choose one particular petroleum product from fractional distillation. Examples: gasoline, kerosene etc.

1. Identify the chemical composition of the petroleum product. (2 points)

Gasoline is a petroleum-based refined product comprised of a blend of hydrocarbons, additives, and blending agents.
Gasoline compositions vary significantly based on the crude oils utilized, the refining processes available, the overall
balance of product demand, and the product standards.

The usual makeup of gasoline hydrocarbons is as follows (in percentage volume): 4–8% alkanes; 2–5% alkenes; 25–40%
isoalkanes; 3–7% cycloalkanes; l–4% cycloalkenes; and 20–50% total aromatics (0.5–2.5% benzene) (IARC 1989). To
increase the performance and stability of gasoline, additives and blending agents are added to the hydrocarbon mixture
(IARC 1989; Lane 1980). Anti-knock agents, anti-oxidants, metal deactivators, lead scavengers, anti-rust agents, anti-icing
agents, upper-cylinder lubricants, detergents, and colors are examples of these substances (IARC 1989; Lane 1980). At
the end of the manufacturing process, produced gasoline normally comprises more than 150 distinct chemicals,
however some blends contain as many as 1,000 (Domask 1984; Mehlman 1990).

2. Describe the 3 important properties of the petroleum product. (3 points)

1. The important of petroleum product like gasoline is it is use to remove a rust in a certain thing like base on my
experience gasoline is one of my cleanser when my motor parts gets rusty.

2. Gasoline is essential for ignition of our vehicle without gasoline our vehicle will not start and go

3. Significant gasoline attributes include volatility and knocking resistance, whereas diesel fuels must have significant
viscosity, surface tension, and igniting tendency.

3. Enumerate 2 important applications/uses of the petroleum product. (2 ponts)

1. The world's entire transportation system is reliant on petroleum like gasoline. It transformed the entire
transportation system, whether by road, rail, water, or air. Petrol and diesel are the primary energy sources for all
modern modes of mobility.

2. Petroleum like gasoline is the primary source of industrial energy. Gas turbines generate power using diesel and
gasoline.

4. Explain 3 environmental problems related to the use of the petroleum product. (3 points)

1. Air pollution is caused by the vapors released when gasoline evaporates and the compounds created when gasoline
is burned (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and unburned hydrocarbons). Additionally, the
combustion of gasoline produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

2. Using of gasoline can produce carbon monoxide that depletes oxygen from hemoglobin in the bloodstream and is
implicated in a variety of health conditions as a causal or contributory factor. In the atmosphere, photochemical
oxidants (smog) such as ground-level ozone are generated as a result of the photochemical interaction of VOCs and NOx
emitted through car tailpipes.

3. The effects of N2O are distinct from those of NOx, which is a term that is frequently used to refer both nitric oxide
(NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas; NOx participates in the photochemical reaction that
results in the formation of ozone. Human-caused greenhouse gas emissions account for the following percentages of
total emissions: