CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background

Empowerment of women primarily consist three dimensions, the enhancement

of bargaining power at household and in community; providing visible foundation for
income generation and meaningful participation at institutional and policy level.
Similarly, women empowerment is all about transformation of the power relations
between individuals and social groups. But it is very critical and a challenging process
as it is deeply rooted in social norms and values. To shift social power relationships
one has to challenge patriarchal ideology. Because it justifies gender discrimination
and social inequalities, prevailing unequal pattern of access and control over
resources; and the social structures which enforce unequal social relations (Fernando,
2006).

Women empowerment is empowering women in terms of type of earnings,

women’s control over cash earnings, and the magnitude of women’s earnings relative
to their husband’s. In addition, information collected in the survey is used to estimate
three different indicators of women’s empowerment: women’s participation in
decision-making, the degree of acceptance of wife beating, and the degree of
acceptance of a wife’s right to refuse sexual intercourse with her husband. The extent
to which women’s empowerment influences health outcomes also examined women
in Nepal are predominantly engaged in agricultural occupations, have few skilled
manual jobs, and are less likely than men to be engaged in the professional, technical
and managerial fields. Further, women lag behind men in educational attainment,
literacy, and exposure to mass media, which are critical contributors to women’s
empowerment and exert considerable influence on the development of their
personality and on strengthening their position in the household and in society in
general (Bhattarai & Bhattarai, 2015).

The concept of women's empowerment emerged with the aim of enhancing

women's capabilities. It revolves around strengthening women's control over their
thoughts and ideas, fostering their participation in education, social activities, and
engagement in economic and political spheres. Empowering women involves

1
improving their decision-making abilities for personal development. Feminist
movements worldwide have played pivotal roles in advancing women's
empowerment. Additionally, microfinance, encompassing services like loans, savings,
and insurance, caters to underprivileged entrepreneurs and small business owners
lacking collateral for traditional bank loans. This form of banking extends financial
services to the unemployed or low-income individuals, fostering self-sufficiency by
providing opportunities otherwise inaccessible through conventional means (Kagan,
2019).

Microfinance constitutes the provision of financial services tailored for

individuals with low incomes and limited access to traditional banking. Its core
mission is to address the multifaceted challenges faced by impoverished populations,
including exclusion, poverty, and limited opportunities. Functioning as a potent
instrument in the battle against poverty and underdevelopment, microfinance aims to
deliver financial services directly to the underprivileged when needed, at their
convenience, and in their local environments. Microfinance institutions target
individuals and small businesses excluded from conventional banking, offering a
spectrum of services such as microcredit, small loans for the poor, savings and
checking accounts, micro-insurance, and payment systems. These services are
intentionally designed to be more affordable for socially marginalized customers,
fostering their self-sufficiency. Initially centered on microloans for entrepreneurs and
small businesses lacking credit access, microfinance has evolved into a broader
movement, aspiring to create a world where everyone, especially the poor and socially
marginalized, has access to a range of affordable and high-quality financial products
and services, encompassing credit, savings, insurance, and payment services (Hermes,
2014).

The transaction of microfinance is done by microfinance institutions, which

range from small non-profit organizations to larger banks. Microfinance institutions
include both for-profit companies as well as non-profit organizations. Among the
services they offer are small loans, help setting up and maintaining a savings account
and money transfers, as well as help obtaining insurance for a variety of needs, such
as death, illness or loss or property. In order to keep their services running,
microfinance institutions typically charge significantly higher interest rates than those
on a traditional bank loan (Srivastava, 2009).

2
 Microfinance has emerged as a powerful tool for women empowerment in the
new economy. In India, microfinance distribution is mainly dominated by Self Help
Groups (SHGs) -Bank Linkage Programme. It aims at providing a cost effective
mechanism for providing financial services to the poor section of the society. Efforts
on women empowerment will help society to get rid of social evils. There is a long
way to take people away from poverty but SHGs can become significant tool to
achieve this objective through microfinance programs. SHGs are the most
contemporary modes for poverty eradication and women empowerment in India.
Microfinance helps poor people including women in getting employment, increasing
confidence, enhancing communication skills and in other aspects as well. Women
gain greater control over resources like material possession, intellectual resources like
knowledge, information, ideas and decision making at home, community, society and
nation through involvement in these microfinance programs (Srabanti & Proloy,
2011).

Empowering women is a vital tool for alleviating poverty. Empowered women

contribute to the health and productivity of whole families and communities and to
improved prospects for the next generation. There have been several institutions
advocating for women empowerment, but women are still poor and vulnerable as
compared to men. The main reasons for the same are economic dependence on male
members, rapid increase in population, unemployment, illiteracy and lack of access to
credit. Rural women play a significant role in the domestic and socio-economic life of
the society and therefore, national development is not possible without developing
this segment of the society. When their economic, cultural and social status improves,
it is known as women empowerment (Suja, 2012).

During early 2000s, NGOs which were involved in community based financial
activities were also legalized and licensed by Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) to formalize
micro financing services, as a result Financial Intermediary NGOs (FINGOs) were
formed. Wholesale funding institutions were also formed during the early 2000s
period. Nepal Rastra Bank formed Rural Self-Reliance Fund (RSRF) in the year 1991
to provide financial assistance to NGOs and Cooperatives. Rural Microfinance
Development Center (RMDC) is the one such wholesale organization that was formed
in 1998 under the Public Private Partnership (PPP) Program, where Nepal Rastra
Bank has 26 percent stake and remaining stakes hold by 13 commercial banks. Sana

3
Kisan Bikas Bank Ltd. (SKBBL) was formed in 2001 with the objective to finance
Small Farmer Cooperatives Ltd. (SFCLs) and the National Cooperative Development
Bank (NCDB) was formed in 2003 to support and finance the Cooperative
organizations in the country. Nepal Rastra Bank, the central bank of the country
regulates the Microfinance Development Banks (MFDBs) and Financial Intermediary
NGOs (FINGOs) while the Small Farmer Cooperatives Ltd. (SFCL) and Savings and
Credit Cooperatives (SACCOs) are governed by Cooperative Laws (Bhusal, 2008).

Soon after in early 2000s, a number of private microfinance and NGOs came
into existence with microfinance programs. Under Grameen Model, NGOs such as
Nirdhan Utthan Bank, Center for Self-Help Development (CSHD) successfully
implemented microfinance program and later transformed to Microfinance
Development Banks. Similarly other Microfinance Development Banks, Chhimek
Bikas Bank Ltd. (CBB), Deprosc Bikas Bank (DBB) and Nerude Microfinance
Development Bank Ltd. (NMDB), were also formed (Sanyal, 2009).

All types of microfinance services in the country are provided by

Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) working as regulated MFDBs, FINGOs, SFCL, and
SACCOs. Nirdhan Utthan Bank Ltd., Chhimek Bikas Bank Ltd., and Swabalamban
Bikas Bank are the top three Microfinance Institutions in the country. Of the total
borrowers under Microfinance Institutions, government Regional Development Banks
serves almost quarter of the total borrowers, Microfinance Development Banks
(MFDBs) servers almost the half of the borrowers and the remaining borrowers are
serviced by FINGOs and cooperatives (Bhattarai & Bhattarai, 2015).

Nepal is one of the least-developed countries in the world and experiences

high rates of poverty, exacerbating the cultural disadvantages faced by Nepali women.
To increase women’s opportunities and improve their status, the Foundation has
protected women’s legal rights and reformed discriminatory laws and policies;
provided educational scholarships to disadvantaged girls; supported vocational
training and job placement for young women at-risk of trafficking and trafficking
survivors; and trained women to run for elected office to ensure their needs are
reflected in public decision making. The Foundation was one of the first organizations
to recognize the severity of trafficking of women in Nepal and mobilize efforts
against it. The Foundation has also worked with both rural and urban organizations to
combat violence against women (Asia Foundation, 2009). Therefore, this study was

4
conducted to find out the role played by microfinance on women empowerment in
Birendranagar, Surkhet. Besides that, study was conducted to assess the role that is
played by microfinance in enhancing the women empowerment by providing training,
motivation, decision making, changing lifestyle and creativity among women
entrepreneurs.

1.2 Scope of the Study

Microfinance allows people to take on reasonable small business loans safely,

and in a manner that is consistent with ethical lending practices. Although they exist
all around the world, the majority of microfinance operations occur in developing
nations, such as Uganda, Indonesia, Serbia, and Honduras. Many microfinance
institutions focus on helping women in particular. Microfinance organizations support
a large number of activities that range from providing the basics like bank checking
and savings accounts, to startup capital for small business entrepreneurs
and educational programs that teach the principles of investing. These programs can
focus on such skills as bookkeeping, cash-flow management, and technical or
professional skills, like accounting.

Access to formal conventional financial institutions is dependent on the

income level of the women. Therefore women who tend to be under served or
excluded turn to Microfinance institutions for their financial needs. Those who
advocate for microfinance see it as a powerful instrument for self-empowerment, in
the sense that it can enable the poor especially women to become economic agents of
change. Women take loan from microfinance in different regions. If the loan taken
from the microfinance is utilized properly, it helps the women to empower themselves
as they will benefit from it. If the loan is not utilized in managed and proper manner,
the women will be in loss and will not be able to pay back their loans in time. This
will lead to more harassment among women. So, if the loan is taken from
microfinance, it should be utilized in such a way that it helps to gain profit and pay
back the loan in time. Otherwise, it will be a burden for the whole family.

This report is about role of microfinance on women empowerment in

Birendranagar Municipality, Surkhet. Microfinance has a huge role on the lives of
millions of poor people particularly women. Numerous scholars and NGOs have been
working to take microfinance within the reach of poor people, who are still not

5
benefited by the conventional financial system. It was believed that microfinance is
not important for all people but most groups can benefit from this idea. In this report,
it has been tried to present evidence of the role of microfinance in women
empowerment by increasing the income generating activities, empowerment of
women to access development services such as health, education, and reduction in
vulnerability. Hence, the study has its own scope which has been conducted on the
role of microfinance on women empowerment.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to assess the role of microfinance on

women empowerment in Birendranagar Municipality, Surkhet. The general objectives
of this study are as:

1. To find out the impact of training on women empowerment.

2. To determine the impact of motivation on women empowerment.

3. To analyze the impact of decision making on women empowerment.

4. To identify the impact of change in lifestyle on women empowerment.

5. To find out the impact of creativity on women empowerment.

1.4 Research Questions

This study has tried to find the answers of the following research questions:

1. What is the impact of training on women empowerment?

2. How does motivation affect on women empowerment?
3. Does decision making affect on women empowerment?
4. Is there any impact of change in lifestyle on women empowerment?
5. How does creativity affect on women empowerment?

1.5 Conceptual Framework of the Study

A conceptual framework is an analytical tool with several variations and

contexts. It is applied in different categories of work. In this study, a conceptual
framework is developed on role of microfinance program on women empowerment in
Birendranagar Municipality, Surkhet. The training, motivation, decision making,
change in style and creativity are taken as independent variables and roles on women

6
empowerment has been taken as a dependent variable. The conceptual framework has
been shown in the following figure:

Independent Variables
Dependent Variable
- Training
- Motivation Women Empowerment
- Decision making
- Change in lifestyle
- Creativity

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the Study

Training
Training is defined as a skill-building program that aims to help groups and
individuals to master specific skills and learn new and more effective work habits.
These programs are typically undertaken as a means to improve employee efficiency
for the long-term success of a company and its projects. Training objective is to
provide intense & specific learning session for attendees. Workshops are commonly
held as a means to introduce individuals or groups to specific concepts or skill sets.
Workshops are actually only one aspect of training, also they are intended to enable
people to master specific skills in only one session, as opposed to a full training
program, wild card will usually require several sessions. Training objective is to
establish interaction between workshop facilitator and attendees. The interaction can
include understanding attendees' problem and requirement, brainstorm solution
design, findings, etc with attendees (Gichuru, 2011).

Motivation

Motivation can be specified as a management process, which encourage

people to work better for the overall benefit of the organization, by providing them
motives, which are based on their unfulfilled needs. it is necessary for managers and
leaders of organization to learn to understand and effectively deal with their
employee’s motivation; since motivated employees’ are the pillars of successful
organization in present and future century. She also indicates that unmotivated
employees may probably contribute little effort in their jobs, stay away from
workplace as much as possible, go out of the organization and make low quality of
work. When employees are well motivated, they help the organization to grow and
survive in a fast changing workplaces (Herzberg, 1959).

7
Change in Lifestyle

Lifestyle is a combination of determining intangible or tangible factors.

Microfinance has the positive impact on the standard of living of the poor people and
on their life style. It has not only helped the poor people to come over the poverty
line, but has also helped them to empower themselves. There is an argument that the
interest rate of MFIs is high, but we traced that most of the respondents of our
interview, did not agree on this issue and found it to be reasonable. In spite of the
debate about higher interest rate, MFIs are contributing not only in alleviating the
poverty and improving the living standards of the poor people, but also in offering
extensive human development programs (Forgas et al., 2005).

Decision Making

Decision making is the thought process of selecting a logical choice from the
available options. Most people make decisions all day long. Business entrepreneurs
have to decide on events that can cost a lot money. Entrepreneurs are leading and
deciding for the business and their team members. At the end of the day, having to
make another decision is exhausting. Like everyone who has had a job to do, an
entrepreneur needs certain skills to make the decision regarding the business. While
there is no formula for being a successful entrepreneur, there are certain skills that are
associated with entrepreneurial success. A balanced mix of skills that enable the
tackling of issues, to brave new ideas and to improve the way of living. Decision-
making power is very important in entrepreneurship for the success of the business
(Drucker, 1974).

Creativity

Creativity is the generation of ideas that results in the improved efficiency or

effectiveness of a system. Its two important aspects are process and people. The
process is goal oriented and designed to attain a solution to a problem. The people are
the active resources that determine the solution. They will sometimes adapt a solution
and at other times they will formulate a highly innovative solution. This innovator
approaches tasks from unusual angles, discovers problems and avenues of solution,
questions basic assumptions related to current practices, is more interested in ends,
has little tolerance for routine work, little or no need for concensus and often
insensitive to others (Matherly & Goldsmith, 1985).

8
1.6 Research Methodology

This section consists of the research methodological instruments were used to

carried out this study. It includes research design, population of the study, sampling
design and sample size, questionnaire development, questionnaires
administration and data analysis and presentation which are described as
follows:

1.6.1 Research Design

A research design is a systematic approach that a researcher uses to conduct a

scientific study. It is the overall synchronization of identified components and data
resulting in a plausible outcome. To conclusively come up with an authentic and
accurate result, the research design should follow a strategic methodology, in line
with the type of research chosen (Hilde & Kampen, 2018). Therefore, in this study,
descriptive type of research design was employed in which quantitative data were
collected from the respondents.

1.6.2 Population of the Study

There are 11 microfinance companies in Birendranagar Municipality,

Surkhet. The target population of the study is all the women who were involved
in microfinance program in Birendranagar Municipality, Surkhet.

1.6.3 Sampling Design and Sample Size

A sample design is the framework, or road map, that serves as the basis for the
selection of a survey sample and affects many other important aspects of a survey as
well. In a broad context, survey researchers are interested in obtaining some type of
information through a survey for some population, or universe, of interest. One must
define a sampling frame that represents the target population of the study from which
a sample is to be drawn. The sampling frame may be identical to the population, or it
may be only part of it and is therefore subject to some under coverage, or it may have
an indirect relationship to the population (Creswell, 2014). In this study, convenience
sampling design was used to fulfill the objectives of this study. Out of the total
population, 55 were selected as sample.

1.6.6 Questionnaire Development

9
 Questionnaire of the study was developed in Nepali and English language
because all the respondents were not to understand English language. Some questions
were self-developed and some were adopted from previous researches. Most of the
questions were formulated in close-ended patterns. It means that the nature of
questions was based on multiple chose categories. The questionnaires were related to
the personal information of the respondents and the questions related to the objectives
of the study. Among the questionnaires, 6 questions were related to the personal
information of the respondents and 19 questions were related to the variables.

1.6.7 Questionnaires Administration

Direct communication has been made with the respondents to collect

information and discuss about the survey work. Then the respondents were requested
to set the proper time for visit. Same size of the survey was 55 women involved in
microfinance in Birendranagar Municipality, Surkhet. Questionnaire were self-
administered to the respondents and discussed individually. The data were collected
between 25 December, 2023 to 05 January, 2024.

1.6.8 Data Presentation and Analysis

Preliminary cleaning and formatting is the first step in the data preparation. For
the analysis of data, frequency, percentages were used to describe the nature of data.
After analysis of each question, the figures have been shown in different table as per
the requirement of the subject matter.

1.7 Limitations of the Study

Today's world is dynamic. Everything existing here are of limited characters.
Every principle, role, formula and conditions are applied within limitations. Likewise,
this study cannot escape from limitations. Therefore, the limitations of this study are
as follows:
1. This study is limited to only the women involved in microfinance.
Thus, the result will not be applicable to other group of women.
2. The study area is limited to Birendranagar Municipality, Surkhet only.
3. The data have been collected through primary source which were
obtained from 55 respondents only.
4. Convenience sampling method was used to select the sample.

10
1.8 Organization of the Study
This study has been organized within the following chapters:
Chapter I: Introduction
Chapter I has included the background of the study, scope of the study,
objectives of the study, research questions of the study, conceptual framework of the
study, research methodology, limitations of the study and organization of the study.

Chapter II: Data Presentation and Analysis

Second chapter includes the presentation and analysis of data. This chapter
also includes the finding of the result

Chapter III: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

Third chapter includes the summary, conclusions and recommendations.

11
 CHAPTER II
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
This chapter includes data presentation, analysis of data and findings. This
study used the primary data collected by the questionnaires provided at annex. The
questionnaires were asked with the women who were involved in microfinance
program in Birendranagar Municipality, Surkhet. The data were collected on the role
of microfinance on women empowerment. The data are presented and analyzed in
different sections which are as follows:

2.1 Personal Information of the respondents

This section includes the personal information of the respondents like age,
caste, religion, marital status, educational status and occupational status which are
presented as follows:

2.1.1 Age Status of the Respondents

To measure the age status of the respondents, below 20 years, 21-30 years, 31-
40 years and 41 and above options were used. The following table shows the detail
information of the respondents on the basis of age.
Table 1

Age Status of the Respondents

Categories Frequency Percent

Below 20 years 17 30.91
21-30 years 20 36.36
31-40 years 11 20.00
41 and above 7 12.73
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 1 shows the age status of the respondents. Out of the total respondents,
30.91 percent were below 20 years of age, 36.36 percent were 21-30 years of age, 20
percent were 31-40 years of age and 12.73 percent were 41 and above of age. The
trend of data shows that majority of the respondents were 21-30 years of age options.

12
 The above data have also been presented in figure as follows:

Figure 2: Age Status of the Respondents

2.1.2 Caste Status of the Respondents

To measure the caste status of the respondents, Brahman, Chhetri, Janajati,
and others options were used. The following table shows the detail information of the
respondents on the basis of caste status.
Table 2

Caste Status of the Respondents

Categories Frequency Percent

Brahman 16 29.09
Chhetri 23 41.82
Janajati 13 23.63
Others 3 5.45
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 2 shows the caste status of the respondents. Out of the total respondents,
29.09 percent were Brahmans, 41.82 percent were Chhetris, 23.63 percent were
Janajatis and 5.45 percent were other caste options. The trend of data shows that
majority of the respondents were Chhetris.

The caste of the respondents has also been presented in figure as follows:

13
Figure 3: Caste Status of the Respondents

2.1.3 Religious Status of the Respondents

To measure the religious status of the respondents, Hindu, Buddhist, Christian
and Others options were used. The following table shows the detail information of the
respondents on the basis of religion.
Table 3
Religious Status of the Respondents

Categories Frequency Percent

Hindu 37 67.27
Buddhist 11 20.00
Christian 5 9.09
Others 2 3.64
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 3 shows the religious status of the respondents. Out of the total
respondents, 67.27 percent were Hindus, 20 percent were Buddhists, 9.09 percent
were Christians and 3.64 percent were other religions. The data shows that majority of
the respondents were Hindus.

The religion of the respondents has also been presented in figure as follows:

14
Figure 4: Religious Status of the Respondents

2.1.4 Marital Status of the Respondents

To measure the marital status of the respondents, married, unmarried and

married but single options were used. The following table shows the detail
information of the respondents on the basis of marital status.

Table 4

Marital Status of the Respondents

Categories Frequency Percent

Married 43 78.18
Unmarried 8 14.55
Married but single 4 7.27
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 4 shows the marital status of the respondents. Out of the total
respondents, 78.18 percent were married, 14.55 percent were unmarried and 7.27
percent were married but single. The data shows that majority of the respondents were
married.

2.1.5 Educational Status of the Respondents

To measure the educational status of the respondents, upto SLC/SEE, higher

secondary, bachelor and maters and above options were used. The following table
shows the detail information of the respondents on the basis of their educational
status.

15
Table 5

Educational Status of the Respondents

Categories Frequency Percent

Upto SLC/SEE 11 20.00
Higher secondary 18 32.73
Bachelor 21 38.18
Masters and above 5 9.09
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 5 shows the educational status of the respondents. Out of the total
respondents, 20 percent were upto SLC/SEE level passed, 32.73 percent were higher
secondary level passed, 38.18 percent were bachelor level passed and 9.09 percent
were mater and above level passed. The trend of data shows that majority of the
respondents were bachelor level passed.

The above data have also been presented in figure as follows:

Figure 5: Educational Status of the Respondents

2.1.6 Occupational Status of the Respondents

To measure the occupational status of the respondents, housewife, business,

service, students and others options are used. The following table shows the detail
information of the respondents on the basis of their occupational status.

16
Table 6

Occupational Status of the Respondents

Categories Frequency Percent

Housewife 17 30.91
Business 14 25.45
Service 11 20.00
Students 13 23.64
Others 0 0
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 6 shows the occupational status of the respondents. Out of the total
respondents, 30.91 percent were housewives, 25.45 percent were involved in
business, 20 percent were involved in service and 23.64 percent were students. The
data shows that majority of the respondents were housewives.

2.2 Training

The role of training due to microfinance on women empowerment is presented

and analyzed in the following sub-sections:

2.2.1 Provision of Training for Women in Microfinance

To measure the provision of training for women in microfinance, often,
always, sometimes and as per necessary options were used. The following table shows
the detail information of the respondents on the basis of the provision of training for
women in microfinance.
Table 7
Provision of Training for Women in Microfinance
Categories Frequency Percent
Often 12 21.82
Always 15 27.27
Sometimes 9 16.36
As per necessary 19 34.55
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

17
 Table 7 shows the provision of training for women in microfinance. Out of the
total respondents, 21.82 percent said that there is often provision of training for
women in microfinance, 27.27 percent said that there is always provision of training
for women in microfinance, 16.36 percent said that there is sometimes provision of
training for women in microfinance and 34.55 percent said that there is provision of
training for women in microfinance as per necessary. The data shows that majority of
the respondents percent said that there is provision of training for women in
microfinance as per necessary.

2.2.2 Type of Training Provided by Microfinance for Women

Empowerment
To measure the type of training provided by microfinance for women
empowerment, skill development, self-assessment and others options were used. The
following table shows the detail information of the respondents on the basis of the
type of training provided by microfinance for women empowerment.

Table 8
Type of Training Provided by Microfinance for Women Empowerment
Categories Frequency Percent
Skill development 28 50.91
Self-assessment 21 38.18
Others 6 10.91
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 8 shows the type of training provided by microfinance for women

empowerment. Out of the total respondents, 50.91 percent said that microfinance
provides skill development training to women, 38.18 percent said that microfinance
provide self-assessment training to women and 10.91 percent said that microfinance
provide other trainings to women. The data shows that majority of the respondents
said that microfinance provide skill development training to women.

18
2.2.3 Beneficiality of Training for Women
To measure the beneficiality of training for women, very beneficial, beneficial
and not so beneficial options were used. The following table shows the detail
information of the respondents on the basis of the beneficiality of training for women.

Table 9
Beneficiality of Training for Women

Categories Frequency Percent

Very beneficial 23 41.82

Beneficial 32 58.18

Not so beneficial 0 0.00

Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 9 shows the beneficiality of training for women. Out of the total
respondents, 41.82 percent said that training is very beneficial for women and 58.18
percent said that training is beneficial for women. The data shows that majority of the
respondents said that training is beneficial for women.
The above data have also been presented in figure as follows:

Figure 6: Beneficiality of Training for Women

2.2.4 Enhancement of Women Empowerment by Microfinance

To measure the enhancement of women empowerment by microfinance,
strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree options are used. The
following table shows the detail information of the respondents on the basis of the
enhancement of women empowerment by microfinance.

19
Table 10
Enhancement of Women Empowerment by Microfinance
Categories Frequency Percent
Strongly agree 15 27.27
Agree 35 63.64
Neutral 5 9.09
Disagree 0 0.00
Strongly disagree 0 0.00
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 10 shows the enhancement of women empowerment by microfinance.

Out of the total respondents, 27.27 percent strongly agreed, 63.64 percent agreed and
9.09 percent were neutral towards the enhancement of women empowerment by
microfinance. The data shows that majority of the respondents agreed that
microfinance program enhances women empowerment.

2.3 Motivation
The role of motivation due to microfinance on women empowerment is
presented and analyzed in the following sub-sections:

2.3.1 Motivation of Women by Microfinance Program

To measure the motivation of women by microfinance program, often, always,
sometimes and as per necessary options were used which is shown in the following
table.

Table 11

Motivation of Women by Microfinance Program

Categories Frequency Percent

Often 11 20.00
Always 16 29.09
Sometimes 8 14.55
As per necessary 20 36.36
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

20
 Table 11 shows the motivation of women by microfinance program. Out of the
total respondents, 20 percent said that microfinance often motivates women, 29.09
percent said that microfinance always motivates women, 14.55 percent said that
microfinance sometimes motivates women and 36.36 percent said that microfinance
often motivates women as per necessary. The data shows that majority of the
respondents said that microfinance often motivates women as per necessary.

2.3.2 Importance of Motivation for Women Empowerment

To measure the importance of motivation for women empowerment, very
important, important and not so important options were used. The following table
shows the detail information of the respondents on the basis of the importance of
motivation for women empowerment.
Table 12
Importance of Motivation for Women Empowerment
Categories Frequency Percent
Very important 50 90.91
Important 4 7.27
Not so important 1 1.82
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 12 shows the importance of motivation for women empowerment. Out

of the total respondents, 90.91 percent said that motivation is very important for
women empowerment, 7.27 percent said that motivation is important for women
empowerment and 1.82 percent said that motivation is not so important for women
empowerment. The data shows that majority of the respondents said that motivation is
important for women empowerment.

2.3.3 Type of Motivational Programs Provided by Microfinance to

the Women
To measure the type of motivational programs provided by microfinance to
women, self-empowerment, self-confidence, self-dependent and others options were
used. The following table shows the detail information of the respondents on the basis
of the type of motivational programs provided by microfinance to women.

21
Table 13

Type of Motivational Programs Provided by Microfinance to the Women

Categories Frequency Percent

Self-empowerment 14 25.45
Self-confidence 21 38.18
Self-dependent 17 30.91
Others 3 5.45
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 13 shows the type of motivational programs provided by microfinance

to women. Out of the total respondents, 25.45 percent said that self-empowerment
program is provided by microfinance to the women, 38.18 percent said that self-
confident program is provided by microfinance to the women, 30.91 percent said that
self-dependent program is provided by microfinance to the women and 5.45 percent
said that other program is provided by microfinance to the women. The data shows
that majority of the respondents percent said that self-confidence program is provided
by microfinance to the women.
The above data have also been presented in figure as follows:

Figure 7: Type of Motivational Programs

2.3.4 Impacts of Motivation due to Microfinance Program on Women

Empowerment
To measure the impacts of motivation due to microfinance program on women
empowerment, strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree options
are used. The following table shows the detail information of the respondents on the

22
basis of the impacts of motivation due to microfinance program on women
empowerment.
Table 14
Impacts of Motivation due to Microfinance Program on Women Empowerment
Categories Frequency Percent
Strongly agree 10 18.18
Agree 42 76.36
Neutral 3 5.46
Disagree 0 0.00
Strongly disagree 0 0.00
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 14 shows the impacts of motivation due to microfinance program on

women empowerment. Out of the total respondents, 18.18 percent strongly agreed,
76.36 percent agreed and 5.46 percent were neutral towards the impacts of motivation
due to microfinance program on women empowerment. The data shows that majority
of the respondents agreed that motivation due to microfinance program has impact on
women empowerment.

2.4 Decision Making

The role of decision making due to microfinance on women empowerment is
presented and analyzed in the following sub-sections:

2.4.1 Effect of Microfinance Program on Decision Making Capacity

of Women
To measure the effect of microfinance program on decision making capacity of
women, affect and does not affect options are used. The following table shows the
detail information of the respondents on the basis of the effect of microfinance
program on decision making capacity of women.

23
Table 15
Effect of Microfinance Program on Decision Making Capacity of Women

Categories Frequency Percent

Affect 53 96.36
Does not affect 2 3.64
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 15 shows the effect of microfinance program on decision making

capacity of women. Out of the total respondents, 96.36 percent said that the
microfinance program affects the decision making capacity of women and 3.64
percent said that the microfinance program does not affect decision making capacity
of women. The data shows that majority of the respondents said that microfinance
program has effects on decision making capacity of women.

2.4.2 Increment in Decision Making Capacity after Joining

Microfinance Program

To measure the increment in decision making capacity of women after being

involved in microfinance program, increased, neither increased nor decreased and
decreased options are used. The following table shows the detail information of the
respondents on the basis of the increment in decision making capacity of women after
being involved in microfinance program.

Table 16

Increment in Decision Making Capacity after Joining Microfinance Program

Categories Frequency Percent

Increased 51 92.73
Neither increased nor decreased 3 5.45
Decreased 1 1.82
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 16 shows the increment in decision making capacity of women after

being involved in microfinance program. Out of the total respondents, 92.73 percent

24
said that involvement in microfinance program increases the decision making capacity
of women, 5.45 percent said that involvement in microfinance program neither
increases nor decreases decision making capacity of women and 1.82 percent said that
involvement in microfinance program decreases decision making capacity of women.
The data shows that majority of the respondents said that involvement in microfinance
program increases the decision making capacity of women.

2.4.3 Development of Decision Making Capacity of Women due to

Microfinance Program

To measure the development of decision making capacity of women due to

microfinance program, strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree
options are used. The following table shows the detail information of the respondents
on the basis of the development of decision making capacity of women due to
microfinance program.
Table 17
Development of Decision Making Capacity of Women due to Microfinance Program
Categories Frequency Percent
Strongly agree 13 23.64
Agree 38 69.09
Neutral 4 7.27
Disagree 0 0.00
Strongly disagree 0 0.00
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 17 shows the development of decision making capacity of women due

to microfinance program. Out of the total respondents, 23.64 percent strongly agreed,
69.09 percent agreed and 7.27 percent were neutral towards the development of
decision making capacity of women due to microfinance program. The data shows
that majority of the respondents agreed that decision making capacity of women is
developed due to microfinance program.

25
2.5 Change in Lifestyle
The role of change in lifestyle due to microfinance on women empowerment is
presented and analyzed in the following sub-sections:

2.5.1 Experience of Change in Lifestyle after Joining Microfinance

To measure the experience of change in lifestyle after joining microfinance.
To collect the information from the respondents on the experience of change in
lifestyle after joining microfinance, yes and no options were used. The following table
shows the detail information of the respondents on the basis of the experience of
change in lifestyle after joining microfinance.

Table 18

Experience of Change in Lifestyle after Joining Microfinance

Categories Frequency Percent

Yes 53 96.36
No 2 3.64
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 18 shows the experience of change in lifestyle after joining

microfinance. Out of the total respondents, 96.36 percent have experienced change in
lifestyle after joining microfinance and 3.64 percent have not experienced change in
lifestyle after joining microfinance. The data shows that majority of the respondents
have experienced change in lifestyle after joining microfinance.
The above data have also been presented in figure as follows:

Figure 8: Experience of Change in Lifestyle after Joining Microfinance

26
2.5.2 Type of Change Experienced in Lifestyle after Joining
Microfinance
To measure the type of change experienced in lifestyle after joining
microfinance, change in household facilities, change in savings and expenditure and
all of the above options were used. The following table shows the detail information
of the respondents on the basis of the type of change experienced in lifestyle after
joining microfinance.

Table 19
Type of Change Experienced in Lifestyle after Joining Microfinance
Categories Frequency Percent
Change in financial status 19 34.55
Change in household facilities 16 29.09
Change in savings and expenditure 15 27.27
All of the above 5 9.09
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 19 shows the type of change experienced in lifestyle after joining

microfinance. Out of the total respondents, 34.55 percent have experienced change in
financial status, 29.09 percent have experienced change in household facilities after
joining microfinance, 27.27 percent have experienced change in savings and
expenditure after joining microfinance and 9.09 percent have experienced change in
financial status, household facilities and savings and expenditure after joining
microfinance. The data shows that majority of the respondents have experience
change in financial status after joining microfinance.

2.5.3 Beneficiality of Microfinance Service for Change in Lifestyle of

Women

To measure the beneficiality of microfinance service for change in lifestyle of

women, very beneficial, beneficial and not so beneficial options were used. The
following table shows the detail information of the respondents on the basis of the
beneficiality of microfinance service for change in lifestyle of women.

27
Table 20
Beneficiality of Microfinance Service for Change in Lifestyle of Women
Categories Frequency Percent
Very beneficial 22 40.00
Beneficial 33 60.00
Not so beneficial 0 0
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 20 sows the beneficiality of microfinance service for change in lifestyle

of women. Out of the total respondents, 40 percent said that microfinance service is
very beneficial for change in lifestyle of women and 60 percent said that microfinance
service is beneficial for change in lifestyle of women. The data shows that majority of
the respondents said that microfinance service is beneficial for change in lifestyle of
women.
The above data have also been presented in figure which is as follows:

Figure 9: Beneficiality of Microfinance Service for Change in Lifestyle of Women

2.5.4 Empowerment of Women by Changing their Lifestyle

To measure the empowerment of women by changing their lifestyle, strongly
agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree options are used. The following
table shows the detail information of the respondents on the basis of the
empowerment of women by changing their lifestyle.

28
Table 21
Empowerment of Women by Changing their Lifestyle
Categories Frequency Percent
Strongly agree 15 27.27
Agree 36 65.45
Neutral 2 3.64
Disagree 2 3.64
Strongly disagree 0 0.00
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 21 shows the empowerment of women by changing their lifestyle. Out

of the total respondents, 27.27 percent strongly agreed, 65.45 percent agreed, 3.64
percent were neutral and 3.64 percent disagreed that microfinance empowers women
by changing their lifestyle. The data shows that majority of the respondents agreed
that microfinance empowers women by changing their lifestyle.

2.6 Creativity
The role of creativity due to microfinance on women empowerment is
presented and analyzed in the following sub-sections:

2.6.1 Effects of Microfinance Program on Creativity of Women

To measure the effects of microfinance program on creativity of women,
affect and does not affect options are used. The following table shows the detail
information of the respondents on the basis of the effects of microfinance program on
creativity of women.

Table 22
Effects of Microfinance Program on Creativity of Women

Categories Frequency Percent

Affect 55 100
Does not affect 0 0.00
Total 55 100

29
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 23 shows the effects of microfinance program on creativity of women.

All of the 100 percent of the respondents said that the microfinance program affects
the creativity of women. The data shows that microfinance program has effects on
creativity of women.

2.6.2 Increment in Creativity of Women after Microfinance Program

To measure the increment in creativity of women after being involved in
microfinance program, increased, neither increased nor decreased and decreased
options are used. The following table shows the detail information of the respondents
on the basis of the increment in creativity of women after being involved in
microfinance program.

Table 24

Increment in Creativity of Women after Microfinance Program

Categories Frequency Percent

Increased 50 90.91
Neither increased nor decreased 5 9.09
Decreased 0 0.00
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 23 shows increment in creativity of women after being involved in

microfinance program. Out of the total respondents, 90.91 percent said that
involvement in microfinance program increases the creativity of women and 9.09
percent said that involvement in microfinance program neither increases nor decreases
creativity of women. The data shows that majority of the respondents said that
involvement in microfinance program increases the creativity of women.

The above data have also been presented in figure as follows:

30
Figure 10: Increment in Creativity of Women after Microfinance Program

2.6.3 Importance of Creativity for Women Empowerment

To measure the importance of creativity for women empowerment, very

important, important and not so important options were used. The following table
shows the detail information of the respondents on the basis of the importance of
creativity for women empowerment.
Table 24
Importance of Creativity for Women Empowerment

Categories Frequency Percent

Very important 21 38.18
Important 29 52.73
Not so important 5 8.09
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 24 shows the importance of creativity for women empowerment. Out of

the total respondents, 38.18 percent said that creativity is very important for women
empowerment, 52.73 percent said that creativity is important for women
empowerment and 8.09 percent said that creativity is not so important for women
empowerment. The data shows that majority of the respondents said that creativity is
important for women empowerment.
The above data have also been presented in figure which is as follows:

31
Figure 11: Importance of Creativity for Women Empowerment

2.6.4 Impacts of Creativity Level Created by Microfinance on

Women Empowerment
This question was designed to measure the impacts of creativity level created by
microfinance on women empowerment. To collect the information from the
respondents on the impacts of creativity level created by microfinance on women
empowerment, strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree options
are used. The following table shows the detail information of the respondents on the
basis of the impacts of creativity level created by microfinance on women
empowerment.
Table 25
Impacts of Creativity Level Created by Microfinance on Women Empowerment
Categories Frequency Percent
Strongly agree 10 18.18
Agree 42 76.36
Neutral 3 5.46
Disagree 0 0.00
Strongly disagree 0 0.00
Total 55 100
Source: Field Survey, 2080

Table 25 shows the impacts of creativity level created by microfinance on

women empowerment. Out of the total respondents, 18.18 percent strongly agreed,
76.36 percent agreed and 5.46 percent were neutral towards the impacts of creativity
level created by microfinance on women empowerment. The data shows that majority

32
of the respondents agreed that creativity level created by microfinance has impact on
women empowerment.

2.7 Major Findings

After the presentation and analysis of data, the following findings have been
drawn:

2.7.1 Personal Information of the respondents

1. It is found that 30.91 percent of the respondents were below 20 years of age,
36.36 percent were 21-30 years of age, 20 percent were 31-40 years of age and
12.73 percent were 41 and above of age. It is found that there were more of
age 21-30 years.

2. Out of the total respondents, 29.09 percent were Brahmans, 41.82 percent
were Chhetris, 23.63 percent were Janajatis and 5.45 percent were other
castes. It is found that there were more Chhetris than others.

3. Among the total respondents, 67.27 percent were Hindus, 20 percent were
Buddhists, 9.09 percent were Christians and 3.64 percent were other religions.
It is found that there were more Hindus.

4. Out of the total respondents, 78.18 percent were married, 14.55 percent were
unmarried and 7.27 percent were married but single. The data shows that
majority of the respondents were married.

5. In this study, 20 percent were upto SLC/SEE level passed, 32.73 percent were
higher secondary level passed, 38.18 percent were bachelor level passed and
9.09 percent were mater and above level passed. The trend of data shows that
majority of the respondents were bachelor level passed.

6. Out of the total respondents, 30.91 percent were housewives, 25.45 percent
were involved in business, 20 percent were involved in service and 23.64
percent were students. It is found that there were more housewives.

2.7.2 Training
1. Out of the total respondents, 21.82 percent said that there is often provision of
training to women in microfinance, 27.27 percent said that there is always
provision of training to women in microfinance, 16.36 percent said that there
is sometimes provision of training to women in microfinance and 34.55

33
 percent said that there is provision of training to women in microfinance as per
necessary. It is found that there is provision of training to women in
microfinance as per necessary.
2. It is found that, 50.91 percent said that microfinance provides skill
development training to women, 38.18 percent said that microfinance provide
self-assessment training to women and 10.91 percent said that microfinance
provide other trainings to women. It is found that microfinance provide skill
development training to women.

3. In this study, 41.82 percent of the respondents said that training is very
beneficial for women and 58.18 percent said that training is beneficial for
women. It is found that training is beneficial for women.
4. Out of the total respondents, 27.27 percent strongly agreed, 63.64 percent
agreed and 9.09 percent were neutral towards the enhancement of women
empowerment by microfinance. It is found that microfinance program
enhances women empowerment.

2.7.3 Motivation
1. Out of the total respondents, 20 percent said that microfinance often motivates
women, 29.09 percent said that microfinance always motivates women, 14.55
percent said that microfinance sometimes motivates women and 36.36 percent
said that microfinance often motivates women as per necessary. It is found
that microfinance often motivates women as per necessary.
2. It is found that 90.91 percent of the respondents said that motivation is very
important for women empowerment, 7.27 percent said that motivation is
important for women empowerment and 1.82 percent said that motivation is
not so important for women empowerment. It is found that motivation is
important for women empowerment.
3. Among the total respondents, 25.45 percent said that self-empowerment
program is provided by microfinance to the women, 38.18 percent said that
self-confident program is provided by microfinance to the women, 30.91
percent said that self-dependent program is provided by microfinance to the
women and 5.45 percent said that other program is provided by microfinance

34
 to the women. It is found that self-confidence program is provided by
microfinance to the women.
4. It is found that 18.18 percent of the respondents strongly agreed, 76.36 percent
agreed and 5.46 percent were neutral towards the impacts of motivation due to
microfinance program on women empowerment. It is found that motivation
due to microfinance program has impact on women empowerment.

2.7.3 Decision Making

1. Out of the total respondents, 96.36 percent said that the microfinance program
affects the decision making capacity of women and 3.64 percent said that the
microfinance program does not affect decision making capacity of women. It
is found that microfinance program has effects on decision making capacity of
women.

2. It is found that, 92.73 percent said that involvement in microfinance program

increases the decision making capacity of women, 5.45 percent said that
involvement in microfinance program neither increases nor decreases decision
making capacity of women and 1.82 percent said that involvement in
microfinance program decreases decision making capacity of women. It is
found that involvement in microfinance program increases the decision
making capacity of women.

3. Out of the total respondents, 23.64 percent strongly agreed, 69.09 percent
agreed and 7.27 percent were neutral towards the development of decision
making capacity of women due to microfinance program. It can be found that
decision making capacity of women is developed due to microfinance
program.

2.7.4 Change in Lifestyle

1. Out of the total respondents, 96.36 percent have experienced change in
lifestyle after joining microfinance and 3.64 percent have not experienced
change in lifestyle after joining microfinance. It is found that there is
experience of change in lifestyle after joining microfinance.
2. In this study, 34.55 percent of the respondents have experienced change in
financial status, 29.09 percent have experienced change in household facilities
after joining microfinance, 27.27 percent have experienced change in savings

35
 and expenditure after joining microfinance and 9.09 percent have experienced
change in financial status, household facilities and savings and expenditure
after joining microfinance. It is found that there is experience of change in
financial status after joining microfinance.

3. Out of the total respondents, 40 percent said that microfinance service is very
beneficial for change in lifestyle of women and 60 percent said that
microfinance service is beneficial for change in lifestyle of women. It is found
that microfinance service is beneficial for change in lifestyle of women.
4. The study found that 27.27 percent of the respondents strongly agreed, 65.45
percent agreed, 3.64 percent were neutral and 3.64 percent disagreed that
microfinance empowers women by changing their lifestyle. It is found that
microfinance empowers women by changing their lifestyle.

2.7.5 Creativity
1. All of the 100 percent of the respondents said that the microfinance program
affects the creativity of women. It is found that microfinance program has
effects on creativity of women.
2. It is found that 90.91 percent of the respondents said that involvement in
microfinance program increases the creativity of women and 9.09 percent said
that involvement in microfinance program neither increases nor decreases
creativity of women. It is found that involvement in microfinance program
increases the creativity of women.

3. Out of the total respondents, 38.18 percent said that creativity is very
important for women empowerment, 52.73 percent said that creativity is
important for women empowerment and 8.09 percent said that creativity is not
so important for women empowerment. It is found that creativity is important
for women empowerment.
4. Among the total respondents, 18.18 percent strongly agreed, 76.36 percent
agreed and 5.46 percent were neutral towards the impacts of creativity level
created by microfinance on women empowerment. It is found that creativity
generated by microfinance has impact on women empowerment.

36
 CHAPTER III
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 Summary

The topic of this study was "Role of Microfinance on Women Empowerment

in Birendranagar Municipality, Surkhet." The purpose of this study was to assess the
role of microfinance program on women empowerment. The population of this study
was all the women involved in microfinance in Birendranagar Municipality, Surkhet.
To measure the role of microfinance program on women empowerment, training,
motivation, decision making, change in lifestyle and creativity are taken as
independent variables and women empowerment has been taken as a dependent
variable. This study was divided into three chapters with different sub-topics. The
required data were collected through primary and secondary sources. Primary data
were collected through the survey questionnaire and the secondary data were
collected from previous researches, journals, books, articles and newspapers.

To collect the primary data, survey questionnaire has been used. Questionnaire
consisted of the questions related to the personal information of the women as well as
the questions on the role of microfinance program on women empowerment. Most of
the questions were formulated in closed-ended pattern and some were formulated in
open-ended pattern. Some questions were constructed in yes/no pattern. Convenience
sampling method was used to select the sample for this study. The purpose of
sampling was to secure a representation group which enables the researcher to gain
information about the whole population of women. The information was collected
from the women involved in microfinance in Birendranagar Municipality, Surkhet.

The data were analyzed using different tables and figures to find out the role
of microfinance on women empowerment. After analysis and presentation of data, the
conclusion has been made.

3.2 Conclusions

This study was conducted to find out the role of microfinance program on
women empowerment in Surkhet valley. The study was conducted among the women
who are involved in microfinance program. There is provision of training to women in
microfinance as per necessary and microfinance provides skill development training,
37
self-assessment training and other trainings to women. Training is beneficial for
women and microfinance program enhances women empowerment. The respondents
said that microfinance often motivates women as per necessary and the respondents
said that motivation is important for women empowerment. Self-empowerment
program is provided by microfinance to the women, self-confident program is
provided by microfinance to the women, self-dependent program is provided by
microfinance and other program is provided by microfinance. Motivation due to
microfinance program has impact on women empowerment. Microfinance program
affects the decision making capacity of women and involvement in microfinance
program increases the decision making capacity of women. Decision making capacity
of women is developed due to microfinance program.

The study further concludes that the respondents have experienced change in
lifestyle after joining microfinance. The respondents have experienced change in
financial status, household facilities, savings and expenditure and savings and
expenditure after joining microfinance. Microfinance service is beneficial for change
in lifestyle of women and microfinance empowers women by changing their lifestyle.
Microfinance program has effects on creativity of women. Involvement in
microfinance program increases the creativity of women and creativity is important
for women empowerment. Creativity level created by microfinance has impact on
women empowerment.

The study finally concludes that training, motivation, decision making, change
in lifestyle and creativity have impact on women empowerment.

3.3 Recommendations

On the basis of the findings of the study, some recommendations are made
which are as follows:

1. The findings of the study revealed that 58.18 percent of the respondents
viewed training is beneficial for women. It is suggested to the microfinance
companies that they should provide training to the women to empower them.
2. The findings of the study revealed that 29.09 percent of the respondents
opined microfinance always motivates women. It is suggested to the
microfinance companies to provide training to the women as per necessary.

38
3. The findings of the study showed that 92.73 percent of the respondent said
decision making capacity has increased after being involved in microfinance
program. It is suggested to the concerned authorities of microfinance
companies to increase decision making capacity of women to empower them.

4. The findings of the study showed that 60 percent of the respondents viewed
microfinance service is beneficial for change in lifestyle of women. It is
suggested to the concerned authorities of microfinance companies to improve
the lifestyle of women to empower them.
5. The findings of the study showed 90.91 percent of the respondents said
involvement in microfinance program increases the creativity of women. It is
suggested to the concerned authorities of microfinance to continue creating
creativity of women.

39