7.

1.0 MATHEMATI
CSI

7.
1.01 Introduction
Thi smodul eunitisdesignedtoequipthet r
aineewi t
hthe
relev antmathemat i
calknowledge,ski
ll
s,techniquesand
attitudesnecessarytoenhancebet terunderstandingof
otheranal yt
icalunit
soft hi
scourse,andatt hesamet ime
prov idethetrai
neewi t
haf ir
mf oundati
onf orfurt
her
traininginthetrade

7.
1.02 GeneralObj
ect
ives
Bytheendofthesubmodul
euni
t,t
het
rai
neeshoul
dbe
abl
eto:
a)usemat hemat i
calconceptsandtechni
quesin
solvi
ngpr oblemsr elat
edt oAut
omot i
ve
Engineeringtrade
b)organize,drawsi mplededucti
onsandconclusi
ons
from thegivendat a
m
c)i
nt er
pretgraphicalrepresent
ati
onoffuncti
ons
o

relev
antt otheAut omot i
veengi
neeri
ngt r
adearea.
t.c
ve

7.
1.03 Modul
eUni
tSummar
yandTi
meAl
l
ocat
ion
syt
ea

Mathemati
csI
Code SubModul e Content Ti
me
Unit Hr
s
7.
1.1 Fract
ions  Properf
ract
ionsandmi
xed 14
and  numbers
Decimals
 Conversi
onofmi xedand
i
mpr oper
 Fract
ionsandv i
cev er
sa
 Appli
cati
onoft heknowl edge
ofdecimal stoengineeri
ng
probl
ems
 Appli
cati
onoff racti
ont oreal
l
ifesit
uations
 Conversi
onoff racti
onsi nt
o
decimalsandv iceversa
 Recurri
ngdeci mals
 Compar ef r
acti
ons
7.
1.2 I
ndicesand  Baseandi ndex 10
Logari
thms  Lawsofi ndices

72
 I ndicial equations‘ logarit
hm
 Lawsofl ogar i
thm
 Logar i
thmi cequat ions
 Conv ersionofbases
 Useofcal culator
7.
1.3 Al
gebr
a  Reduct i
onofequat ions 14
 Solut ionofequat ions
reducedt oquadr at i
cform
 Solut ionsofsi mul taneous
l
inearequat i
onsi nt hree
unknowns
 Solut ionofpr obl ems
i
nv ol vi
ngAPandGP
7.
1.4 Tr
igonomet
r  Hal f–angl eformul a 10
y  Fact orf ormul a
 Trigonomet r
icf unct i
ons
 Par amet ri
cequat ions
m
7.
1.5 Per
mut at
ion  Def initi
onofper mut at
ion 12
o
t.c

sand  Def initi

onofcombi nati
on
Combinati
on
ve

 Thef actor i
alnot at i
on
s
yt

 Expr essi onsinv olv ing

s
ea

permut ationsand
combi nat i
ons
 Solut ionofpr obl ems
i
nv ol vi
ngper mut at ionsand
combi nat i
ons
7.
1.6 Bi
nomi al  Binomi al t
heorem Power 12
Expansion seriesusi ngbinomi al
theor em Root sofnumber s
usingbi nomi altheor em
 Estimat i
onofer ror sofsmal l
changesusi ngbi nomi al
theor em
7.
1.7 Coor
dinat
e  Polarequat i
ons 12
Geometry  Car tesianequat ion
 Graphsofpol arequat ions
 Nor mal sandt angent s
7.
1.8 Hyper
boli
c  Def initi
onofhy per boli
c 18
Funct
ions equat i
ons
 Proper t
iesofhy per boli
c

73
 functions
 Evaluat ionofhy perbol i
c
functions
 Hy per bolicident it
ies
 Osbor ne’sRul e
 Achx+bshx=Cequat ion
7.
1.9 I
nverse  Onet o-oner elati
onshi pi n 18
Functi
ons functions
I nversef unct i
onsf orone- t
o-
oner el ationshi p
I nversef unct i
onsf or
tri
gonomet r
icf unct i
ons
 Graphofi nv ersef unct i
ons
I nversehy perbolicf unctions
Complex  Def i
nit i
onofcompl ex 12
numbers number s
 Statingcompl exnumber sin
m
termsofconj ugat ear gument
o
t.c

and
ve

 modul us
yt

 Repr esent ati

onofcompl ex
s

number sont heAr gand

ea

diagram
 Arithmet i
coper ationof
compl exnumber s
 Appl i
cat ionofDemoi vre’
s
theor em
 Appl i
cat ionofcompl ex
number st oengi neer i
ng
Tot
alTi me 132

74
7.
1.1 FRACTIONSAND fr
act
ionsand
DECIMALS deci
malsin
engi
neeri
ng
7.
1.1T0Specifi
cObjectiv
es
Bytheendoft hesub
moduleuni
t,thetrai
nee Cont ent
shoul
dbeablet o: 7.
1.1T1Properf ractionsand
a)i
dent i
fypr oper , mi xednumber s
i
mpr operandmi xed 7.
1.1T2Conv ersionofmi xed
fr
actions andi mpr operf r
actions
b)conver tmi xed andv i
cev ersa
number sto 7.
1.1T3Compar i
sonoff ractions
i
mpr operf ractions 7.
1.1T4Appl i
cationoff racti
on
andv icev er sa toreal l
ifesituations
7.
1.1T5Conv ersionoff racti
ons
c)compar ef r
act ions
i
nt odecimal sandv ice
d)applyt he versa
knowl edgeof 7.
1.1T6Identif
icationof
fr
actionst or ealli
fe
m
Recur ri
ngdeci mal s
o
si
tuations 7.
1.1T7Conv ersionofr ecurring
t.c

e)conver tfract i
ons decimal sintof r
act i
ons
ve

i
ntodeci mal sand 7.
1.1T8Appl i
cationoft he
yt

vi
cev er sa knowl edgeofdeci mal s
s

f)i
dent i
fyr ecur ri
ng toengi neeringpr oblems
ea

decimal s
g)conver trecur ri
ng Suggest
edLear
ningResour
ces
decimal sint o - Char
til
lust
rat
ionon
fr
actions fr
act
ionsequi
v al
ent
h)applyt he fr
act
ion
knowl edgeof - Real
lif
esit
uations
decimal st o
7.
1.2 INDI
CESAND
engineer i
ng LOGARI
THMS
problems
7.
1.2T1Specif
icObjecti
ves
7.
1.1CCompet ence Bytheendoft hesub
Thetrai
neeshoul
dhav
e moduleunit,uni
tthe
theabil
i
tyto: tr
aineeshouldbeablet
o:
i
) Perf
or mt hebasi
c a)defi
netheter
ms
operationson baseandindex
fr
actionand b)stat
ethelawsof
deci
mal s i
ndices
i
i
)Appl yt he c)perf
orm si
mple
knowl edgeof operat
ionsof

75
 i
ndices Bytheendoft hesub
d)defi
net het erm moduleunit,
unitt
he
l
ogar i
thm tr
aineeshoul
dbeableto:
e)statel
awsof a)reducel ogari
thmic
l
ogar i
thms equationst o
f)perfor
m si mpl e quadrat i
cequations
operationsof b)solveequat i
ons
l
ogar i
thms reducedt o
g)changet hebases quadrat i
cforms
oflogar i
thms c)solvelinear
h)usecal culatorin simultaneous
solvi
ngpr oblems equationswi t
h
rel
atedt o threeunknowns
l
ogar i
thms d)solvepr obl
ems
i
nv ol
vingAr i
thmetic
7.
1.2CCompet ence Progression(AP)
Thet r
aineeshouldhave andGeomet ric
theabili
tytoworkout Progression(GP)
m
mathemat i
cal pr
obl
ems
o

rel
atedtoindicesand Cont ent
t.c

l
ogar i
thms 7.
1.3T1Reduct i
onofequat i
ons
ve

7.
1.3T2Sol utionofequations
yt

Cont ent reducedt oquadrati

c
s
ea

7.
1.2T1Baseandi ndex form
7.
1.2T2Lawsofi ndices 7.
1.3T3Sol utionsof
7.
1.2T3Oper arationsofindices simultaneousli
near
7.
1.2T4Definit
ionofLogar it
hm equat i
onsinthree
7.
1.2T5LawsofLogar i
thm unknowns
7.
1.2T6Oper ati
onsof 7.
1.3T4Sol utionofproblems
Logar i
thms i
nv olvi
ngAPandGP
7.
1.2T7Changi ngbasesof
Logar i
thms Suggest
edLear
ningResour
ces
7.
1.2T8Useofcal culat
orin - Pri
ntmedia
sol
v i
ngpr oblemsrelated - Audiomedia
tologar i
thms - Realli
veexper
ience
Suggest
edLear
ningResour
ces 7.
1.4 TRI
GONOMETRY
- Cal
culat
es
- Char
ts 7.
1.4T0 Speci
fic
- Audi
ov i
sual
medi
a Obj
ecti
ves
Bytheendoft hesub
7.
1.3 ALGEBRA moduleunit,
unitt
he
trai
neeshoul
dbeableto:
7.
1.3T1Speci
fi
cObj
ect
ives a)der
ivet
hehal
f-

76
 angle e)sol
veproblems
b)deri
vet hefact
or i
nvol
vi
ng
formula per
mutati
onand
c)solvetri
gonometr
ic combi
nation.
functi
ons
d)determine 7.
1.5CCompet ence
paramet r
ic Thetrai
neeshouldhav
e
equations theabil
it
yt osol
ve
probl
emsi n
permutati
onsand
combinations
Content
7.
1.4T1Half–anglefor
mul a Cont ent
7.
1.4T2Factorf
ormula 7.
1.5T1Def ini t
ionof
7.
1.4T3Tri
gonomet r
icfuncti
ons permut ati
on
7.
1.4T4Parametri
cequations 7.
1.5T2Def ini t
ionof
combi nati
on
Suggest
edLear
ningResour
ces 7.
1.5T3Thef actori
alnotat
ion
7.
1.5T4Ex pr essionsinvolv
ing
- Char t
s
m
permut ati
onsand
- Mat hematical
tables
o

combi nati
ons
t.c

- Calculat
ors 7.
1.5T5Sol ut i
onofpr oblems
ve

- Li
ght -
angledtri
angles i
nvol v i
ngper mutat
ions
yt

- Real l
if
eexperience andcombi nati
ons
s
ea

7.
1.5 PERMUTATI
OONSAND Suggest
edLear
ningResour
ces
COMBINATI
ONS - Char
ts
- Real
li
fesi
tuat
ions
7.
1.5T0 Speci
fic
Obj
ecti
ves 7.
1.6 BI
NOMI
ALEXPANSI
ON
Bytheendoft hesub
moduleunit,
unitt
he 7.
1.6T0 Speci
fic
trai
neeshoul
dbeableto: Obj
ecti
ves
a)definetheterm Bytheendoft hesub
permut ati
on moduleunit,
unitt
he
b)definetheterm trai
neeshoul
dbeableto:
combi nati
on a)Statethebinomial
c)expressnumber sin theorem
factori
alnotat
ion b)Applythebinomial
d)simplif
y theorem i
nderiv
ing
expressions powerser i
esof
i
nv olv
ing simplefuncti
ons
permut ati
onsand c)Applybinomial
combi nati
ons theorem t
o

77
 esti
mateer rorsof
smallchanges 7.
1.7CCompet ence
d)Applybinomi al Thetrai
neeshouldhave
theor
em to theabil
i
tytoworkout
probl
emsi ncoor
dinat
e
esti
mater ootsof
geometry
numbers
Content
7.
1.6CCompet ence
7.
1.7T1Polarequations
Thetraineeshouldhav
e
7.
1.7T2Cartesianequation
theabil
itytoapply
7.
1.7T3Graphsofpol ar
binomialtheorem t
o
equations
esti
mat i
nger r
ors.
7.
1.7T4Normal sandt angent
s
Content
Suggest
edLear
ningResour
ces
7.
1.6T1Binomi altheor
em
7.
1.6T2Powerser i
esusing
- Chart
s
bi
nomi alt
heorem - Squaredgri
d-boar
d
7.
1.6T3Root sofnumber susing - Cal
culator
s
bi
nomi alt
heorem
m
7.
1.6T4Estimat i
onoferrorsof 7.
1.8 HYPERBOLI
C
o

FUNCTI
ONS
t.c

smallchangesusing
bi
nomi alt
heorem
ve

7.
1.8T0 Speci
fic
yt

Suggest
edLear
ningResour
ce Obj
ecti
ves
s
ea

- Char
ts Bytheendoft hesub
moduleunit,
unitt
he
7.
1.7 COORDI
NATE trai
neeshoul
dbeableto:
GEOMETRY a)Def inehy perboli
c
functions
7.
1.7T0Specifi
cObjecti
ves b)Deducepr operti
es
Bytheendoft hesub ofhy perboli
c
moduleunit,
unitt
he functions
tr
aineeshoul
dbeableto: c)Ev aluatehy perboli
c
a)Convertpolar functionsforgiven
equati
onst oCartesi
an argument s
equati
on d)Ver ifysimple
b)ConvertCartesi
an hyperbolic
equati
ont opolar rel
ationshipsof
equati
ons i
dent i
ties
c)Plotgraphsofpolar e)Sat et heOsbor ne’s
equati
ons rul
e
d)Determinenormal s f) Solveequat ionsof
andtangentsusingco- thefor m
ordi
nategeomet ry achx+bshx=C

78
 funct
ion
7.
1.8CCompet ence g)deri
vetheinverse
Thetrai
neeshouldhave hyperbol
i
cf uncti
on
theabil
it
ytowor kout
probl
emsi nhyperbol
i
c Cont ent
funct
ions. 7.
1.9T1Onet o- oner el ationship
i
nf unct ions
Cont ent 7.
1.9T2I
nv ersef unct ionsf or
7.
1.8T1Def i
niti
onofhy perboli
c one-to- oner elat ionship
equat i
ons 7.
1.9T3I
nv ersef unct ionsf or
7.
1.8T2Proper t
iesofhy perbol
ic tri
gonomet ricf unct i
ons
functions 7.
1.9T4Graphsofi nv erse
7.
1.8T3Evaluationofhy perbol
ic functions
functions 7.
1.9T5Descr iptionofmany
7.
1.8T4Hy perboli
cidentit
ies valuednat ur eof
7.
1.8T5Osbor ne’sRule functions
7.
1.8T6Achx +bshx=Cequat i
on 7.
1.9T6Descr ibet hepr incipleof
i
nv erset rigonomet ri
c
Suggest
edLear
ningResour
ces m function
- Tables 7.
1.9T7Derivat i
onofi nv erse
o
- Calcul
ator
s hyper bolicf unct ion
t.c

7.
1.9 I
NVERSEFUNCTI
ONS
ve
yt

7.
1.9T1 Specif
icObject
ives Suggest
edLear
ningResour
ces
s

Bytheendoft hesub
ea

- Tables
moduleunit,
unitt
he - Calcul
ator
s
tr
aineeshoul
dbeabl eto:
a)ident ifyone- to-
one 7.
1.10COMPLEXNUMBERS
rel
at i
oni nf uncti
ons
b)def inei nverse 7.
1.10T0 Speci
fi
cObjecti
ves
functionf orone- to- Bytheendoft hesub
oner elationship moduleunit,
unitt
he
c)def inei nverse trai
neeshoul
dbeable
functionf or to:
tri
gonomet r
ic a)defineacompl ex
functions number
d)dr awsgr aphsof b)statecomplex
i
nv ersef unct i
ons number sinthree
e)descr i
bemany forms
valuednat ureof c)segmentcompl ex
functions number sont he
f) descr i
bet he arganddiagram
pri
nci palofi nverse d)perform
tri
gonomet r
ic arit
hmet i
c

79
 operationon
compl exnumber s
e)st ateandappl y
theDemoi vr
e’s
theorem
f) applycompl ex
number sto
engineer i
ng
problems

Content
7.
1.10T1 Definit
ionof
complexnumber s
7.
1.10T2 Stati
ngcompl ex
number sint ermsof
conj
ugat ear gument
andmodul us
7.
1.10T3 Represent at
ionof
complexnumber son
m
theArganddi agr
am
o
t.c

7.
1.10T4 Arit
hmet i
c
ve

operat
ionofcompl ex
yt

number s
s

7.
1.10T5 Applicationof
ea

Demoiv r
e’st heorem
7.
1.10T6 Applicationof
complexnumber st o
engi
neer i
ng

Compet ence
Thetrai
neeshoul
dhav
e
theabil
i
t yto:
- Demonst rat
ions
- Questionsand
answer s
- Discussions

Suggest
edLear
ningResour
ces
- Char
ts
- Cal
culat
ors

80