Understanding Current

Transformers (CT)
Introduction
Current transformers (CTs) are essential devices in the field of electrical engineering,
playing a vital role in the measurement, control, and protection of electrical systems.
These transformers are designed to safely and accurately measure the current flowing
through power lines, enabling accurate monitoring and control of electrical networks.
This article delves into the fundamentals of CTs, their applications, and their significance
in the modern electrical landscape.

asic Principles of Current

Transformers
Current transformers operate based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. They
consist of a primary winding and a secondary winding, which are magnetically coupled
through a core made of iron or ferrite material. The primary winding carries the current to
be measured, while the secondary winding produces a proportional current that can be
safely measured by connected instruments.

The primary function of a CT is to scale down the high current in the primary winding to
a lower current in the secondary winding, allowing for safe and accurate measurement.
This scaling is achieved through the turns ratio between the primary and secondary
windings. For example, if the primary winding has 1 turn and the secondary winding has
100 turns, the turns ratio is 1:100. In this case, if the primary current is 1000 A, the
secondary current would be scaled down to 10 A.