INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the world of Hindi language learning

with Hindustani Tongue! In this comprehensive
guide, you'll embark on an immersive journey to
master the basics of Hindi, starting from the very
foundations. Our unique Immersion Method will
enable you to learn Hindi naturally and
effortlessly through real-life examples and
engaging exercises. With our 1:1 live classes,
personalized instruction, and interactive learning
materials, you'll be well on your way to fluency in
no time.
Let's dive in!
 INDEX :

• Introduction to Hindi Alphabets

• Basic Grammar: Subjects,Verbs, Adjectives, Nouns

• Introduction to Basic Sentence Structure

• Immersion Method: Learning Hindi through Real-life Scenarios

• Additional Resources and Tips for Language Learning

 Chapter 1: Introduction to Hindi Alphabets

LEARN THE HINDI ALPHABET (VARNMALA)

AND PRONUNCIATION

In this section, you will familiarize yourself with the Hindi

alphabet, known as "Varnmala," and learn how to pronounce each
letter accurately. The Hindi alphabet consists of 13 vowels (!वर)
and 33 consonants (&यंजन), making a total of 46 letters.

Vowels (!वर) and Pronunciation:

अ (a): Pronounced like the "a" in ऊ (oo): Pronounced like the

"father" or "car." "oo" in "boot," but held longer.
Example: अपना (apna) - "own” Example: ऊंट (oont) - "camel”

आ (aa): Pronounced like the "a" ए (e): Pronounced like the "ay"
in "father," but held longer. in "day" or "play."
Example: आदमी (aadmi) - "man” Example: घर (ghar) - "house”

इ (i): Pronounced like the "ee" in
"see" or "tree."
Example: इंसान (insaan) -
"human”
ई (ee): Pronounced like the "ee"
in "see," but held longer.
Example: ई3वर (ishwar) - "God”
उ (u): Pronounced like the "oo"
in "boot" or "loot."
Example: उ5लू (ullu) - "owl"
ऐ (ai): Pronounced like the "i" in
"ice" or "bike."
Example: ऐसा (aisa) - "like this”
ओ (o): Pronounced like the "o"
in "go" or "low."
Example: घोड़ा (ghoda) - "horse”
औ (au): Pronounced like the
"ow" in "cow" or "now."
Example: औरत (aurat) -
"woman"
 Consonants (&यंजन) and Pronunciation:
क (ka): Pronounced like the "k" in "kite"
or "cat."
Example: कमरा (kamra) - "room”
ख (kha): Pronounced like the "kh" in
"kettle" or "khaki."
Example: खरगोश (khargosh) - "rabbit”
ग (ga): Pronounced like the "g" in "goat"
or "dog."
Example: गाड़ी (gaadi) - "car”
घ (gha): Pronounced like the "gh" in
"ghost" or "ghastly."
Example: घर (ghar) - "house”
ङ (nga): Pronounced with the tongue at
the back of the mouth, like the "ng" in
"sing" or "song."
Example: अंगूर (angoor) - "grape”
च (cha): Pronounced like the "ch" in
"cheese" or "chocolate."
Example: चावल (chaawal) - "rice”
छ (chha): Pronounced like the "ch" in
"chat" or "chop."
Example: छड़ी (chhadi) - "stick”
ज (ja): Pronounced like the "j" in "jacket"
or "jam."
Example: जानवर (janwar) - "animal”
झ (jha): Pronounced like the "j" in "jar"
or "jelly."
Example: झूला (jhoola) - "swing”
ञ (nya): Pronounced like the "ny" in
"canyon" or "banyan."
Example: अजनबी (ajnabi) - "stranger"
ट (ta): Pronounced like the "t" in "table" or
"tap."
Example: टमाटर (tamatar) - "tomato”
ठ (tha): Pronounced like the "th" in "thank"
or "think."
Example: ठं डा (thanda) - "cold”
ड (da): Pronounced like the "d" in "dog" or
"dot."
Example: डाक (daak) - "post”
ढ (dha): Pronounced like the "dh" in
"dharma" or "dhoti."
Example: ढोल (dhol) - "drum”
ण (ṇa): Pronounced with the tongue at the
back of the mouth, similar to "n" but
nasalized.
Example: अंगूर (angoor) - "grape" (repeat
from above)
त (ta): Pronounced like the "t" in "table" or
"tap."
Example: तालाब (taalab) - "pond”
थ (tha): Pronounced like the "th" in
"thank" or "think."
Example: थालR (thaali) - "plate”
द (da): Pronounced like the "d" in "dog" or
"dot."
Example: Sदन (din) - "day”
ध (dha): Pronounced like the "dh" in
"dharma" or "dhoti."
Example: धरती (dharti) - "earth”
न (na): Pronounced like the "n" in "no" or
"nice."
Example: नदR (nadi) - "river
 Consonants (Uयंजन) and Pronunciation:

प (pa): Pronounced like the "p" in
"pan" or "pat."
Example: पानी (paani) - "water"
फ (pha): Pronounced like the "ph" in
"phone" or "phrase."
Example: फल (phal) - "fruit"
ब (ba): Pronounced like the "b" in
"bat" or "bus."
Example: बाल (baal) - "hair"
भ (bha): Pronounced like the "bh" in
"behave" or "behind."
Example: भाई (bhai) - "brother"
म (ma): Pronounced like the "m" in
"man" or "milk."
Example: म
य (ya): Pronounced like the "y" in
"yes" or "yellow."
Example: यहाँ (yahaan) - "here"
र (ra): Pronounced like the "r" in
"run" or "race."
Example: रात (raat) - "night"
ष (ṣa): Pronounced with the tongue
at the back of the mouth, similar to
"sh" but more retroflexed.
Example: अ]ट (asht) - "eight"
स (sa): Pronounced like the "s" in
"sun" or "sand."
Example: सपना (sapna) - "dream"
ह (ha): Pronounced like the "h" in
"house" or "hello."
Example: हाथी (haathi) - "elephant"
^ (kṣa): Pronounced with the
combination of "k" and "sh" sounds.
Example: ^_त (kṣati) - "damage"
` (tra): Pronounced with the
combination of "t" and "r" sounds.
Example: a`कोण (trikon) - "triangle"
b (jña): Pronounced with the
combination of "j" and "ñ" sounds.
Example: bान (jñān) - "knowledge"

ल (la): Pronounced like the "l" in

"love" or "light."
Example: लाल (laal) - "red"

व (va): Pronounced like the "v" in

"victory" or "village."
Example: वाहन (vaahan) - "vehicle"

श (sha): Pronounced like the "sh" in

"shine" or "ship."
Example: शत[ (shart) - "condition"
 Chapter 2: Basic Grammar

S UB J E CT S : UN D E R S T A N D T H E CON CE P T OF
S UB J E CT S I N H I N D I S E N T E N CE S

Compared to English, the sentence structure or syntax in Hindi is quite different.

For example, if you wanted to say that Kiran (a female name in Hindi) is Indian, you
would say:
cकरन भारतीय है । (Kiran bhārtiya hai.) (Literally) Kiran Indian is. Kiran is Indian.

In a Hindi sentence, the verb is placed toward the end of the sentence. The verb in
this case is to be (होना—honā) and is is है (hai) that agrees with the subject Kiran.
As another example, if you wanted to say that Appu (a character in The Simpsons)
is American, you would say:
अfपु अमरRकh है । (Appu amrīkī hai.) (Literally) Appu American is. Appu is American.
The appropriate conjugation for the verb to be (होना—honā), is है (hai), is placed at
the very end and this conjugation agrees with the subject Appu.

Subject pronouns • सव#नाम

Now that you have learned how to construct a Hindi sentence using a proper noun
(the name of
a person), it is time to add the personal pronouns:
I मi (maiñ)
we हम (ham)
you तू (Tū)/तम
ु (tum)
Cultural notes
◆ तू (tū) and तम ु (tum) forms are informal. They are used with relatives and
friends similar or younger in age to you, although तू (Tu) is also used with children
and servants and may indicate a lack of respect.

आप (āp) you ◆ आप (āp) is the formal “you” form used for reverence for elders
and others. It is also the generic “you” form used in all public situations. It is
considered polite and indicates respect.
In the hierarchy of forms for “you” in Hindi, आप (āp) is formal and polite, तम ु
(tum) is semi-formal and semi-polite, and तू (tū) is the most informal and can
indicate a lack of politeness. To avoid confusion, in this text, the formal “you”
means आप (āp) and the other forms are treated as informal.

यह (yah) this, he, she, it

वह (vah) that, he, she, it
ये (ye) they, these
वे (ve) they, those

Often, यह/ये (yah/ye) is used with objects and people located near the speaker
(hereby referred
to as proximity), while वह/व (vah/ve) is used with objects and people located
literally or figuratively ◌े
away from the speaker (hereby referred to as distance). Colloquially, वह and व are
sometimes used ◌े
together as वो. वो is both singular and plural.
The verb to be • “होना” “HONA” *+या
The verb होना “HONA” is an important common verb in Hindi. Here is how होना
(honā) is conjugated with
personal pronouns.

मi - हूँ (main - huñ) I am

हम - हi (ham - haiñ) we are
Notice the nasal dot in हi (Hain) that is the plural of है (Hai) .
तू - है (tū - hai)
तम
ु - हो (tum - ho) } you are
 LEARN WITH EXAMPLES

म- - हूँ (main - huñ) I am

1.म- एक 0व1याथ4 हूँ। (Main ek vidyarthi hũ.) I am a student.

2.म- भारतीय हूँ। (Main Bhartiya hũ.) I am Indian.

ु हूँ। (Main khush hũ.) I am happy.

3.म- खश

ू ा हूँ। (Main bahut bhukha hũ.) I am very

4.म- बहुत भख
hungry.

5.म- एक कलाकार हूँ। (Main ek kalakar hũ.) I am an artist.

6.म- यहाँ नया हूँ। (Main yahāñ naya hũ.) I am new here.

7.म- अCछा लगता हूँ। (Main achhā lagta hũ.) I am feeling

good.

8.म- गरFब नहFं हूँ। (Main gareeb nahin hũ.) I am not poor.

ु ा हूँ। (Main ab buṛhā hũ.) I am old now.

9.म- अब बढ़

10.म- रोज़ एक Jकताब पढ़ता हूँ। (Main roz ek kitaab padhta

hũ.) I read a book every day.
 LEARN WITH EXAMPLES

हम - ह- (ham - haiñ) we are

1.हम दो!त ह-। (Ham dost haiñ.) We are friends.

2.हम बहुत खश
ु ह-। (Ham bahut khush haiñ.) We are very
happy.

3.हम 0वजयी ह-। (Ham vijayi haiñ.) We are victorious.

4.हम दो भाई ह-। (Ham do bhāi haiñ.) We are two

brothers.

5.हम यहाँ नए ह-। (Ham yahāñ naye haiñ.) We are new

here.

6.हम !वा!Oय ह-। (Ham swaasthya haiñ.) We are healthy.

7.हम परे शान नहFं ह-। (Ham pareshaan nahin haiñ.) We

are not worried.

8.हम अCछे लोग ह-। (Ham achhe log haiñ.) We are good
people.

9.हम भारतीय ह-। (Ham Bhartiya haiñ.) We are Indians.

10.हम एक Qह!सा ह-। (Ham ek hissa haiñ.) We are a part.

 LEARN WITH EXAMPLES

तू - है (tū - hai)

1.तू खश
ु है । (Tu khush hai.) You are happy.

2.तू एक Tखलाड़ी है । (Tu ek khilaadi hai.) You are a

player.

3.तू मझ
ु से Wयार करता है । (Tu mujhse pyaar karta hai.)
You love me.

4.तू बहुत अCछा है । (Tu bahut achha hai.) You are very
good.

5.तू अCछा लगता है । (Tu achha lagta hai.) You seem nice.

6.तू अब कहाँ है ? (Tu ab kahāñ hai?) Where are you now?

7.तू खश
ु नहFं है । (Tu khush nahin hai.) You are not
happy.

8.तू भोजन करता है । (Tu bhojan karta hai.)

 VERBS: LEARN 100 COMMON HINDI VERBS
W I T H C O N J U G AT I O N S

• खाना (khaana) - to eat • खड़ा होना (khada hona) - to stand

• पीना (peena) - to drink • लेना (lena) - to take

• चलना (chalna) - to walk • दे ना (dena) - to give

• बोलना (bolna) - to speak • DचGलाना (chillaana) - to scream

• सोना (sona) - to sleep • Dचढ़ाना (chidhaana) - to tease

• सHपना (saumpna) - to hand over
• जाना (jaana) - to go
• सन
ु ाना (sunaana) - to tell
• आना (aana) - to come
• धोना (dhona) - to wash
• दे खना (dekhna) - to see
• धड़कना (dhadakna) - to beat
• सन
ु ना (sunna) - to hear
• डालना (daalna) - to put
• करना (karna) - to do
• उतारना (utaarna) - to remove
• 4लखना (likhna) - to write • उठाना (uthaana) - to lift
• पढ़ना (padhna) - to read • कमरबंद करना (kamarband karna) - to tie a
• बजाना (bajana) - to play (instrument) belt
• कहना (kahna) - to tell
• गाना (gaana) - to sing
• Dगरना (girna) - to fall
• बैठना (baithna) - to sit
• घम
ू ना (ghoomna) - to roam
• उठना (uthna) - to rise
• Mेम करना (prem karna) - to love
• दौड़ना (daudna) - to run
• 4मलना (milna) - to meet
• बोलना (bolna) - to speak
• फटना (fatna) - to burst
• समझना (samajhna) - to understand
• सोना (sona) - to sleep
• रोना (rona) - to cry • अQछा लगना (achha lagna) - to feel good
• रं ग लगाना (rang lagaana) - to apply color • जलना (jalna) - to burn
• दोष बताना (dosh bataana) - to blame • Sदखाना (dikhaana) - to show
• ख़श
ु करना (khush karna) - to make happy • Sदलाना (dilaana) - to bring
• जोड़ना (jodna) - to connect • Tछपाना (chhupaana) - to hide
• बोलने से पहले सोचना (bolne se pehle sochna) - to • बदलना (badalna) - to change
think before speaking • 4सखाना (sikhaana) - to teach
• पता करना (pata karna) - to find out • सीखना (seekhna) - to learn
• DचंगारE मारना (chingaari maarna) - to strike a • सUभालना (sambhaalna) - to manage
match
• फWकना (phenkna) - to throw
• Fखचड़ी बनाना (khichdi banaana) - to cook khichdi
 VERBS: LEARN 100 COMMON HINDI VERBS
WITH CONJUGATIONS
• हं सना (hansna) - to laugh
• मारना (maarna) - to hit
• खेलना (khelna) - to play
• पटकना (patkna) - to jump
• दबाना (dabana) - to press
• जागना (jaagna) - to wake up
• मरना (marna) - to die
• बचाना (bachana) - to save
• ताड़ना (taadna) - to slap
• सीधे (seedhe) - to straighten
• नाचना (naachna) - to dance
• पीटना (peetna) - to beat
• जलना (jalna) - to burn
• बझ
ू ना (bujhna) - to understand
• पानी nपलाना (paani pilana) - to give
water
• साफ़ करना (saaf karna) - to clean
• मpछर मारना (machhar maarna) - to
kill mosquitoes
• कहना (kehna) - to say
• qच5लाना (chillaana) - to shout
• रोटR बनाना (roti banaana) – to make
roti
• पीछे हटना (peeche hatna) - to move
backward
• सन
ु ाना (sunaana) - to tell
• गाड़ी चलाना (gaadi chalaana) - to
drive a car
• रोटR rखलाना (roti khilaana) - to
feed roti
• sेम करना (prem karna) - to love
• काम करना (kaam karna) - to work
• छोड़ना (chhodna) - to leave
• खरRदना (kharidna) - to buy
• बेचना (bechna) - to sell
• रोना (rona) - to cry
• म!
ु कुराना (muskuraana) - to smile
• डरना (darna) - to fear
• ग!ु सा होना (gussa hona) - to get
angry
• सोचना (sochna) - to think
• समझाना (samjhaana) - to explain
• rखचड़ी पकाना (khichdi pakaana) -
to cook khichdi
• अपनाना (apnaana) - to adopt
• डराना (daraana) - to scare
• चलाना (chalaana) - to operate
• nपटाई करना (pitaai karna) - to beat
• सजाना (sajaana) - to decorate
• आगे बढ़ना (aage badhna) - to
move forward
• खड़ा होना (khada hona) - to stand
 ADJECTIVES: LEARN 30 COMMON ADJECTIVES

• बड़ा (bada) – • लाल (laal) – red • उदासी (udaasi) –

big gloomy
• नीला (neela) –
blue • !व!थ (swasth) –
• छोटा (chhota)
– small healthy
• पीला (peela) –
yellow • बीमार (beemar) –
• लंबा (lamba)
sick
– long
• गरम (garam) –
hot • गंदा (ganda) – dirty
• मोटा (mota)
– fat
• ठं डा (thanda) – • साफ़ (saaf) – clean
cold
• पतला (patla)
– thin • ख़शु बद
ू ार (khushboo
• खशु (khush) – daarr) – fragrant
happy
• संद
ु र (sundar)
• बदबदू ार (badboo
– beautiful • उदास (udaas) –
daarr) – stinky
sad

• काला (kala) – • नरम (naram) – soft

black • अpछा (accha) –
good
• कड़ा (kada) – hard
• सफेद (safed)
• बरु ा (bura) –
– white bad • खरु दरा (khurdaara)
– rough
• हरा (hara) – • खशु ी (khushi) –
green joyful • मलु ायम (mulaayam)
- smooth
• लाल (laal) - • उदासी (udaasi) -
red gloomy
 NOUNS : LEARN 30 COMMON NOUNS

• घर (ghar) – house • wसंदरू (sindoor) – • जंगल (jangal) – forest

vermillion

• गाड़ी (gaadi) – car • पानी (paani) – water

• अनाज (anaaj) –
grain
• cकताब (kitaab) – book • मीठा (meetha) – sweets

• चावल (chaawal) –
• aब5लR (billi) – cat rice • wमxटR (mitti) – soil

• दाल (daal) – lentil • आसमान (aasmaan) –

• कुvा (kutta) – dog
sky

• गाय (gaay) – cow

• चाय (chaay) – tea • wमxटR (mitti) – soil

• भiस (bhains) –
• कपड़े (kapde) – clothes buffalo • धरती (dharti) – earth

• !कूल (school) – • मछलR (machhli) – • सरू ज (sooraj) – sun

school fish

• चाँद (chaand) – moon

• aबजलR (bijli) –
• मोबाइल (mobile) – electricity
mobile phone • wसतारा (sitaara) - star

• पेड़ (ped) – tree

• झरना (jharna) -
waterfall
• फूल (phool) -
flower
BASIC SENTENCE STRUCTURE: FORM SIMPLE
SENTENCES USING SUBJECTS, VERBS, AND
OBJECTS

• म- पढ़ता हूँ। (I read.) Main padhta hoon.

• तम
ु खाते हो। (You eat.) Tum khaate ho.
• वह गाती है । (She sings.) Vah gaati hai.
• हम सोते ह-। (We sleep.) Hum sote hain.
• तY
ु हZ पसंद है । (You like.) Tumhein pasand hai.
• वे चलते ह-। (They walk.) Ve chalte hain.
• म- खेलता हूँ। (I play.) Main khelta hoon.
• तू पढ़ रहा है । (You are reading.) Tu padh raha hai.
• वह बोलती है । (She speaks.) Vah bolti hai.
• हम सन
ु ते ह-। (We listen.) Hum sunte hain.
 15 USEFUL EVERYDAY PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS IN HINDI:
• नम!ते (Namaste) - Hello /
Greetings
• कैसे हो? (Kaise ho?) - How are
you? (informal)
• आप कैसे हi? (Aap kaise hain?) -
How are you? (formal)
• धzयवाद (Dhanyavad) - Thank
you
• कृपया (Kripya) - Please / Kindly
• एक wमनट (Ek minute) - One
moment
• कहाँ है ? (Kahan hai?) - Where is
it?
• मझु े माफ़ कर दो (Mujhe maaf
kar do) - Excuse me / Pardon
me
• cकतना हुआ? (Kitna hua?) -
How much is it?
• मi यह लेना चाहूँगा। (Main yeh
lena chaahunga.) - I would like
to buy this. (male speaker)
• मi घर जा रहR हूँ। (Main ghar ja
rahi hoon.) - I am going home.
(female speaker)
• मi यह लेना चाहूँगी। (Main yeh
lena chaahungi.) - I would like
to buy this. (female speaker)
• कहाँ है शौचालय? (Kahan hai
shauchalay?) - Where is the
restroom?
• यहाँ सीट खालR है ? (Yahan
seat khali hai?) - Is this seat
available?
• आपका नाम }या है ? (Aapka
naam kya hai?) - What is your
name? (formal)
• मझ
ु े भख
ू लगी है । (Mujhe
bhookh lagi hai.) - I am hungry.
• }या आप मेरR मदद कर सकते
हi? (Kya aap meri madad kar
sakte hain?) - Can you help
me? (formal)
• आपका !वागत है । (Aapka
swagat hai.) - You're welcome.
• मi घर जा रहा हूँ। (Main ghar
ja raha hoon.) - I am going
home. (male speaker)
• आपको यहाँ दे खकर खश ु ी हुई।
(Aapko yahan dekhkar khushi
hui.) - It's nice to see you
here.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TWO PEOPLE:
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