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Internet-of-Things
An Excursion Through the Selected IoT
Technologies

GRANDMETRIC GUIDEPAPER
Executive summary
The Internet-of-Things is a concept which is more and more present in our everyday lives where the “things”

communicate without human involvement. Smart homes, cities, connected water/electricity meters, connected

vehicles are becoming part of the current societal landscape. As there are many technologies that enable the

“connectivity” within the IoT systems, some of them can be more appropriate to be used in some use cases than

the others. The throughput requirements, security levels, price, power saving mechanisms and simplicity of the

communication are some of the parameters that we can think of when discussing IoT applications.

This Guidepaper starts with the introduction of the Cellular IoT concept and follows by an overview of the current

technologies divided onto 3GPP-based and proprietary non-standardized solutions. Then a more detailed view of

selected technologies is presented, including Narrowband-IoT and enhanced Machine Type Communication

(eMTC) – also known as LTE-M – including design aspects and use cases for the 3GPP IoT systems. After that we

present an overview of embedded SIM (eSIM) technology that suits well for IoT-devices as it allows for ordering

and management of eSIM profile(s) over the air, thereby eliminating the need for physical SIM. The Guidepaper is

concluded with the summary of the IoT technologies and comparing different aspects of the contemporary

schemes.

2
Contents
2 Executive summary

4 Cellular IoT – An Introduction

5 IoT Technologies – An Overview of LPWAN Systems

8 Narrowband-IoT – A Short Overview

10 enhanced MTC – A Short Overview

13 embedded SIM – eSIM/eUICC Technology

16 Summary

18 Glossary

20 References

21 About the Authors

3
Cellular-IoT
An Introduction

Cellular technology has been evolving with the aim

of helping connect people and with the advent of

internet, providing access to the internet. We have

seen increase in data speeds, decrease in latency

throughout this evolution cycle so far, improving the

overall quality of communication that we carry out

using the wireless medium. But, the cellular

networks have not only been evolving in this

direction. Another aspect of this evolution has been

the emergence of concept to connect everything i.e.,

not only communication between human beings,

but things in general without human involvement.

This aspect is not new as such, but it is getting more and more popular with the various use cases coming to the

forefront (such as connected water/electricity meters, connected vehicles etc.), which would enable a better-

connected world, where the technologies enabling such connectivity to improve the overall quality of life, safety and

efficiency of various tasks. This concept is popularly known as Internet of Things (IoT) and covers Machine to

Machine (M2M) Communication and Machine Type Communication (MTC) with device use cases ranging from

video surveillance requiring higher data rate to meter tracking that require very small infrequent data capabilities.

4
IoT Technologies
An Overview of Low-Power Wide-Area
Networks (LPWAN)

The networks used for connecting the IoT devices are usually referred

to as Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) due to the nature of

the devices connecting to such networks – i.e., infrequent small data

transmissions and low energy consumption requirement.

In this chapter, we will discuss the most popular LPWAN technologies

which are present in the current market that enable “Connectivity” for

these IoT devices. These technologies can be divided into two broad

categories: 3GPP standardized and non-standardized solutions.

3GPP Standardized Solutions

These technologies are standardized cellular technologies and have been developed by the joint efforts of the

industry under the umbrella of 3GPP [1] to ensure a common framework for interoperability between devices and

networks on the cellular networks.

LTE UE Cat-1

LTE Cat-1 has been present in the 3GPP specifications since the initial introduction of LTE in Release 8 [2], but after

initial popularity, it did not stay in the limelight for long as the focus of network vendors and device manufacturers

shifted towards the high-speed Cat 3 and 4 devices. But as it became obvious that LTE deployments would

eventually take over the 2G/3G deployments, there was a need to move the M2M and IoT devices dependent on

these legacy Radio Access Technologies (RATs) to LTE, and Cat-1 was the perfect solution fully-available for

cellular IoT at that time (2014~2015). This is due to its characteristic features such as reduced complexity in both

baseband and RF leading to lower cost devices, along with lower processing requirements (leading to lower power

consumption) and low throughput sufficient enough to cater to the IoT devices.

5
LTE UE Cat-0

LTE Cat-0 was introduced by the 3GPP to lay the ground work to make IoT applications based on LTE a success

by making sure that basic requirements of IoT applications were satisfied, which included the reduction in the

device price and complexity. Hence the legacy LTE features meant to support high data rates were trimmed down

to bring down the device price further, keeping in mind the requirements of IoT applications such as: low power

consumption, huge number of devices, enhanced coverage etc.

LTE eMTC (LTE UE Cat-M)

Developed by the 3GPP to address the growing need of dedicated technology to satisfy the requirements for IoT

applications in terms of cost and power consumption reduction without any significant change to the current LTE

deployment, LTE UE Cat-M was introduced in Rel. 13 of the 3GPP as enhanced MTC (eMTC) to optimally address

the massive MTC use cases. The maximum system bandwidth has been capped to 1.4 MHz, keeping in mind the

low data bandwidth required for IoT devices. The biggest advantage of Cat-M is the ability to deploy it without any

change in network HW as it runs on legacy LTE HW with only a network SW upgrade required.

NarrowBand Internet-of-Things (NB-IoT)

Also developed by the 3GPP with the aim of addressing the challenges posed by the IoT applications, NB-IoT was

designed (standardized as a part of 3GPP Rel-13) specifically to support low-end IoT devices and services, while

reusing LTE infrastructure, along with making sure low power consumption for the end devices enabling longer

battery life. There are many optimizations and features introduced by the 3GPP in NB-IoT which make it ideal for

IoT applications that intend to use cellular technology and operator resources for connectivity.

Extended Coverage GSM (EC-GSM)

This technology is an extension of the widely popular eGPRS technology which provides coverage to the largest

area around the world. EC-GSM is designed to support: high capacity (in terms of number of supported UEs), long

range, low energy and low complexity cellular system for IoT applications. The optimizations made in EC-GSM can

be implemented on the current GSM networks with the help of a software upgrade, not requiring HW changes or

additional spectrum allocation, ensuring continued coverage and accelerated time to-market. Battery life of up to

10 years can be supported for a wide range of use cases. This system, however, isn’t generating as much buzz as

eMTC or NB-IoT, as more and more operators are thinking of shutting down their GSM deployments and refarm

their GSM spectrum.

6
Non-standardized solutions
In contrast to standardized technologies, the other set of solutions have been developed by certain industry

player(s) who saw an opportunity to cater to the market of connecting billions of IoT devices that would come up

in the future with proprietary technology. These were also the first technologies designed to cater to IoT

specifically.

Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN)

LoRaWAN is a non-standardized LPWAN specification intended for IoT devices in a regional, national or global

network defined by the LoRa Alliance which is an open, non-profit association dedicated to developing a

standardized LPWAN technology based on LoRa protocol. It provides the required architecture and technology for

deployment of a scalable network that supports IoT applications. This network technology gives freedom to the

IoT application developer on the deployment scenarios depending on the business use case. LoRaWAN provides

data rates from 0.3 kbps to 50 kbps. In order to maximize both battery life of the end-devices and overall network

capacity, the LoRaWAN network server manages the data rate and RF output for each end-device individually [3].

Sigfox

SIGFOX was the one of the first companies that popularized the concept of network dedicated for IoT devices using

its Ultra Narrow Band (UNB) technology for low data rate applications [4]. It is deployed in the ISM radio band over

a 200 KHz channel and the data rates are very low where a small payload size of 12 bytes could take up to 2s to

reach the base station over the air. It has helped to connect thousands of devices in Europe as well as US with pilot

projects in other continents.

7
Narrowband IoT
A Short Overview on NB-IoT

Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a secure, reliable,

and efficient type of Low-Power Wide-Area (LPWA)

Technology that was standardized by 3GPP in Release 13

(LTE Advanced Pro) and uses licensed spectrum. Benefits of

NB-IoT include:

• low power consumption - device battery can last up to

10 years,

• massive connections - tens of thousands of devices per

base station,

• long range - about 5 km in dense urban areas and about 50 km in rural area,

• good signal penetration - can reach elevators inside buildings as well as basement and underground car parks,

• low device cost - less than 5 US$ per module,

• low connectivity cost - few US dollars per year,

NB-IoT is adapted by key players, which led to a mature ecosystem as well as commercial launch in many

countries. Players include:

• Telecommunications Equipment Vendors: Huawei, Nokia, Ericsson, etc

• Chipset vendors: Qualcomm, MediaTek, Huawei, sequans, etc

• Module manufacturer: u-blox, Quectel, Gemalto, etc

• MNOs: Deutsche Telekom, Vodafone, China Mobile, Orange, STC, Etisalat, etc

In terms of technical aspects, to address the IoT requirements in this segment, namely, support for: low throughput

and sporadic transmission, limited mobility, large number of devices, low device cost, enhanced coverage – the

PHY layer, protocol stack and signaling procedures have been simplified with respect to the LTE system design to

support low-end devices and decrease the signaling load. The key aspects of NB-IoT to support low-end IoT devices

and services, while reusing LTE infrastructure, include the following PHY improvements and system concepts [7].

8
PHY Layer Design
PHY layer has been modified for coverage enhancements and power consumption reduction by: reduced system

Bandwidth (BW) to 180kHz, reduction of transmission modes and number of antenna ports, reduced Transport

Block (TB) size, improved Discontinuous Reception (DRX) cycles for both connected and idle modes, single HARQ

process for both Downlink (DL) and Uplink (UL), etc. Three operation modes have been specified: in-band (LTE –

using single LTE resource blocks), guard band (LTE), and standalone 180kHz carrier (e.g., re-farming of GSM

spectrum). The DL supports multi-tone transmission with 12 subcarriers of 15kHz, while for UL both multi-tone and

single-tone operation is possible with both 15kHz and 3.75kHz subcarrier separation.

System Design
System aspects that have been modified with respect to LTE, include: lack of connected mobility support

(assuming that majority of the NB-IoT applications will be used by stationary UEs) and system optimizations for

efficient data transmission (also called Control Plane(CP)/User Plane(UP) CIoT EPS Optimization Solutions). The

CP solution is based on the concept of UP data transmission over NAS signaling, without establishment of the Data

Radio Bearer (DRBs) and is a mandatory solution for NB-IoT UEs. The UP solution on the other end is built upon

the idea of holding the UE context at the eNB when the UE moves to RRC IDLE state, thus decreasing the signaling

overhead when the UE is switching between IDLE and CONNECTED mode with the use of newly introduced Radio

Resource Control (RRC Resume/Suspend) procedure.

9
Enhanced MTC
A Short Overview on eMTC

eMTC (aka LTE Cat-M, where, CAT-M is just a definition of UE type/category

supporting eMTC) is a low power wide area (LPWA) wireless technology

developed by the 3GPP to address the growing need for a solution to address

the requirements for IoT applications and Machine-Type Communication

(MTC) in terms of cost and power consumption reduction without any

significant change to the current LTE deployment. LTE UE Cat-M1 was

introduced in Rel. 13 of the 3GPP as enhanced MTC (eMTC) to address the

massive MTC use cases that have unique requirements that had not been

addressed earlier such as a low data bandwidth system with high reliability along with low latency.

eMTC Features
For eMTC the maximum system bandwidth for the system has been capped to 1.4 MHz, keeping in mind the low

data bandwidth required for IoT devices.

The main features of eMTC are [13]:

• It supports both full-duplex frequency division duplex (FDD), half-duplex FDD, and time division duplex (TDD)

• Low power consumption using Power saving techniques:

o Extended Idle mode-DRX: DRX cycle up to 43.69 minutes

o Extended Connected mode-DRX: DRX cycle up to 10.24 s

o Power Saving Mode (PSM) state

▪ Allows devices to go from idle state to “deep sleep” state

▪ Very efficient for mobile originated data applications

• Narrowband operation: 1.08 MHz (6 RB) along with frequency hopping for all channels

o 375 kb/s upload and download speeds in half duplex mode

o 1 Mb/s in full duplex mode

• Extended coverage than regular LTE using Coverage Enhancements (CE):

o Mode A: no to small repetition, full mobility support (~0-5 dB CE)

o Mode B: large repetitions, limited/no mobility support (~10-15 dB CE)

10
 o Extended TTI bundling in downlink and uplink

• Support of voice functionality via VoLTE in Mode A

• UE power class of 20dBm instead of traditional 23dBm

• Simpler device capability: reduced control and data channel functionalities

• Support for positioning and Single-cell multicast

There have been certain design changes made to the legacy LTE in order to make the eMTC devices less complex

such as:

• No support of:

o PDCCH, PCFICH, PHICH channels

• Reuse of legacy channels:

o PSS/SSS/PBCH/PRACH

• New channel introduced:

o M-PDCCH

In order to achieve the coverage enhancement targets for eMTC of >155.7 dB maximum coupling loss (MCL), the

following techniques have been introduced:

• PBCH repetition

o Repeated once in 10 ms radio frame (optional)

• MTC_SIB repetition and extended update rate to allow combining

o SIB configuration by MIB, no control channel for SIB

• PRACH/PDSCH/PUSCH/MPDCCH/PUCCH all support repetition/bundling

o Repeated RV/scrambling sequence for PDSCH/PUSCH to allow data channel combining

• Bundled Resource Block Group (RBG) and fixed precoding in time to allow receiver channel estimation

averaging

• Repeated Redundancy Version (RV) and scrambling to allow better data combining

eMTC Use Cases

All the above enhancements allow eMTC to support various use cases that require high reliability along with low

latency. It also can support varied use cases in terms of mobility support i.e. it can support use cases requiring full

mobility along with use cases that require deep coverage in stationary conditions with the help of the coverage

enhancements (Mode B).

11
Some of the popular potential use cases are listed below [14]:

• Wearable devices,

• Security systems,

• Health monitoring systems,

• Low cost feature phones (VoLTE support),

• Emergency communication devices (example: highway, elevator etc.),

• Connect POS.

12
Embedded SIM
eSIM/eUICC Technology

eSIM (also known as embedded Universal Integrated Circuit

Card, eUICC) technology allows the download and activation of

eSIM profiles over the air in a seamless, secure, and convenient

way, using Remote SIM Provisioning (RSP) Platform [17] and

has the following features:

• it is a programmable SIM that can be seamlessly and

securely provisioned over the air,

• facilitates easy switch between Mobile Network

Operators (MNOs), allowing consumer to select the MNO

that offers best deal,

• serves both consumer (smartwatches, mobile phones, tablets, etc.) and M2M (connected cars, smart water

meters, smart electricity meters, etc.).

Note: eSIM can be removable or soldered into the device at time of manufacturing.

Why eSIM?
The key driver for the introduction of eSIM technology is the rapid rise of connected cars (e.g., BMW, Toyota, etc.),

smart utility meters (e.g., smart meters for electricity, water, etc.), and consumer electronics (wearable gadgets like

smartwatches and fitness tracker) with cellular connectivity.

The eSIM offers several advantages when compared to the classical SIM. The main ones are [18, 19, 20]:

Miniaturization: wearable gadgets are miniaturized for comfort, portability and aesthetic. Since eSIM can be made

small in size, it suits well with wearable gadgets.

Ruggedness: consumer electronics, especially wearable gadgets are expected to stand up to a variety of

demanding environmental conditions, including shock, humidity, sweat and so on. Thus, eSIM is a perfect answer

because it can be soldered into the gadget.

13
Integrity: allowing consumer to crack open a device case to replace a SIM would jeopardize the integrity of the

device and create unpleasant challenge for the warranty and repair department.

Independent Connectivity: without physically accessing the SIM, consumer can provision and change service

providers over the air (OTA). This provides a global, operator-independent connectivity solution, which allows

consumer to select the best subscription options (e.g., subscription cost, coverage, and service level). Such

freedom is important for a wide range of upcoming Internet of Things (IoT) use cases.

Who Is Behind eSIM?

The GSM Association (GSMA) played an instrumental role in establishing cross-industry collaboration among

global mobile operators, mobile device manufacturers, and SIM vendors to create a global and interoperable

specification that allows consumer to remotely order and install mobile subscriptions to their devices and connect

them securely to mobile networks. The specification focuses on eSIM Architecture, Remote SIM Provisioning (RSP)

architecture, and security functions within the RSP architecture.

The specification is now supported by the world’s largest mobile operators, including AT&T, Deutsche Telekom,

Etisalat, NTT DOCOMO, Orange, Rogers, Telefonica, Telenor, Verizon, Vodafone, … etc. It is also supported by major

device manufacturers, including Apple, Samsung, Huawei, LG, Sony, etc. Major SIM and chipset vendors (e.g.,

Gemalto, Giesecke & Devrient, Oberthur, Qualcomm, STMicroelectronics, etc.) are on board as well. Further, the

specification is supported by the telecom equipment manufacturer Nokia and the security provider Trustonic.

Difference Between eSIM for M2M and for a Consumer

In addition to architectural differences, the main difference between M2M and Consumer is the right to change

subscription.

Consumer M2M

• Consumer has the full right to order, activate, • Only OEM or (its representative) has the right to

delete, etc. profiles order, activate, delete, etc., profiles

• The device usually does not come with a • Device comes with a pre-installed bootstrap

preinstalled bootstrap profile, profile

• Profile installed in 30 seconds or less, • Profile installation takes minutes to hours

• Profile download can be done using any IP based • Profile download can be done only using a Mobile

communication (WiFi, Mobile Network, etc.) Network.

There are two GSM Technical Specifications, one for Consumer Devices: “Document SGP.22”, Version 2.0, October

14, 2016 [21] and one for M2M: “Document SGP.02”, Version 3.1, May 27, 2016 [22].

14
eSIM is an Opportunity for All Stakeholders
Indeed, the eSIM technology is a consumer game changer and one of the last missing pieces of the puzzle required

for faster deployment and adoption of M2M connectivity technologies. The other pieces (e.g., release of

narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) specifications, availability of low-cost M2M modules, active M2M developer community,

and improved awareness among target users about new use cases and commercial potential) are falling into place

[23]. There are plenty of opportunities for all stakeholders and they are summarized below.

Consumer

• No more wasting time going to and waiting at retail stores to purchase a SIM card because consumer can

subscribe online and then activate securely and seamlessly all his/her eSIM-enabled devices over the air.

• Reduced prices because of increased competition among MNOs due to freedom of switching, at any time, to

the MNO that offer the best deal.

• Better user experience because it is easier to add devices to existing services plans and centralizing a

household’s fleet of new gadgets.

OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers)

• Like they do in Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) space, operators will still have the power to control

who (which device) can connect to their network [24]. However, OEM players (car manufacturers, smart utilities

manufacturers, wearables and Mobile handset manufacturers, etc.) can arrange agreement (e.g., shared cost

of the production of eSIM, direct cash, etc.) with selected MNOs as a reward for including them in a pre-defined

list of MNOs that their devices support.

MNO (Mobile Network Operator)

• Operational benefits and cost reductions, over the medium to long term, due to the new possibility of remote

service provisioning and management

• efficient way to connect remotely and seamlessly new types of devices to the network, either as part of an

existing subscription or a new one. This will generate new revenues from additional connections and traffic

• potential to marry value-added services to the device (e.g., linking fitness tracker to a virtual gym or personal

trainer; involving nutritional specialists or medical advisors with a range of healthcare and wellbeing devices)

[25].

15
Summary
As we have seen throughout this guidepaper, there are various solutions to enable connectivity for the billions of

IoT devices that we will be surrounded by in the near future. The technologies, which will be dominant for large

scale deployment, will be most probably the standardized ones, as they will enable Mobile Network Operators

(MNOs) to provide such services at competitive prices along with removing overhead for the IoT application

developers. The proprietary technologies will exist and will be useful for unique deployment scenarios where mobile

network operator involvement would not be possible. Also, with the ongoing 5G development and much focus being

on defining the IoT solution within the 5G system, there are improvements expected in the LPWAN area. The below

table [5] summarizes the LPWAN technologies which we discussed above along with their key aspects.

More specifically, as can be seen from the recent developments in the LTE domain, some of the 5G use case

requirements are also heavily addressed with the use of legacy system support and infrastructure. In these

considerations, mMTC corner of the “5G service triangle” is addressed by NB-IoT with:

• Air interface simplifications for coverage improvements, device simplification, battery consumption reduction

etc.,

• System enhancements for enabling signaling reduction, UE operation simplification.

The networks using the other 3GPP technology targeting MTC namely, Cat-M or eMTC, are getting rolled out

currently by various major operators due to the various features and advantages. The biggest advantage of Cat-M

16
is the ability to deploy it without any change in HW on the NW side as it runs on legacy LTE HW with only a SW

upgrade required. Another important aspect which makes eMTC quite interesting for IoT application developers

along with operators is that even with the reduced complexity, Cat-M1 UEs are still able to provide many features

that are supported by legacy LTE UEs, such as full mobility, TTI bundling enabling Semi-persistent scheduling which

can be useful for VoLTE, and low latency for critical applications in connected mode especially in coverage

Mode A.

Finally, the eSIM concept would enable to reach the massive scale in the Low Power IoT using cellular technologies

due to its flexibility and being software based.

Note: This Guidepaper is based on our entries at Grandmetric blog.

17
Glossary
3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
BW Bandwidth
CAT-M Category-M
CE Coverage Enhancement
CIoT Cellular IoT
CP Control Plane
DL Downlink
DRB Data Radio Bearer
DRX Discontinuous Reception
EC-GSM Extended Coverage GSM
eMTC enhanced MTC
EPS Evolved Packet Core
eSIM embedded SIM
eUICC embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Card
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
GSMA GSM Association
HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
HW Hardware
IoT Internet-of-Things
LoRaWAN Low Range Wide Area Networks
LPWA Low Power Wide Area
LPWAN Low Power Wide Area Networks
LTE Long Term Evolution
M2M Machine to Machine
mMTC massive MTC
MNO Mobile Network Operator
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
MTC Machine Type Communications
MVNO Mobile Virtual Network Operator
NB-IoT Narrowband IoT
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indication Channel
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
PHICH Physical HARQ Indication Channel
PHY Physical Layer
PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
PSM Power Saving Mode
PSS Primary Synchronization Signal
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
RAT Radio Access Technology

18
RB Resource Block
RBG Resource Block Group
RRC Radio Resource Control
RSP Remote SIM Provisioning
RV Redundancy Version
SIB System Information Block
SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal
SW Software
TB Transport Block
TDD Time Division Duplex
TTI Transmission Time Interval
UE User Equipment
UL Uplink
UNB Ultra Narrow-Band
UP User Plane
VOLTE Voice over LTE

19
References
[1] http://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-news/1766-iot_progress

[2] http://www.3gpp.org

[3] https://www.lora-alliance.org/technology

[4] https://www.sigfox.com/en

[5] https://www.slideshare.net/EuroIoTa/5g-a-revolution-or-an-evolution-for-iot-by-merouane-debbah-huawei

[6] 3GPP TS 36.300

[7] http://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-news/1785-nb_iot_complete

[8] https://www.ericsson.com/en/publications/ericsson-technology-review/archive/2016/nb-iot-a-
sustainable-technology-for-connecting-billions-of-devices

[9] https://www.electronic.nu/2016/09/18/lte-advanced-pro-the-mobile-future-of-the-internet-of-things/

[10] https://www.u-blox.com/en/blog/innovation/iot-and-four-reasons-why-licensed-spectrum-technologies-
have-been-worth-wait

[11] http://www.hte.hu/documents/2105310/2976182/12_03_Szathmary_Gyula.pdf

[12] https://www.gsma.com/iot/mobile-iot-commercial-launches/

[13] http://www.3gpp.org/images/presentations/2016_11_3gpp_Standards_for_IoT.pdf

[14] https://www.qualcomm.com/documents/leading-lte-iot-evolution-connect-massive-internet-things

[15] https://www.statista.com/statistics/471264/iot-number-of-connected-devices-worldwide/

[16] https://academy.5g-courses.com/courses/internet-of-things-in-5g

[17] http://www.gsma.com/rsp/frequently-asked-questions-gsmas-remote-sim-provisioning/

[18] http://www.gemalto.com/mobile/networks/on-demand-connectivity/consumer-electronics

[19] http://www.rcrwireless.com/20160411/opinion/reader-forum-esims-will-power-wearables-revolution-
tag10

[20] http://linkwave.co.uk/news/sierra-wireless-introduces-euicc-solution-for-smart-sim-and-connectivity-
service

[21] http://www.gsma.com/newsroom/wp-content/uploads//SGP.22-v2.0.pdf

[22] http://www.gsma.com/newsroom/wp-content/uploads//SGP.02_v3.1.pdf

[23] Declan Lonergan, “eSIM should facilitate new mobile and IoT business models”, 451 Research,
November 2, 2016.

[24] https://www.ovum.com/operators-can-benefit-disruption-esim-technology-will-bring-2/

[25] http://www.telcoprofessionals.com/blogs/7785/1161/embed-the-operator-not-just-the-sim

20
About the authors
Marcin Dryjanski received his M.Sc. degree in telecommunications from the

Poznan University of Technology in Poland in June 2008. During the past 10 years,

Marcin has served as R&D Engineer, Lead Researcher, R&D Consultant, Technical

Trainer and Technical Leader. He has been providing expert level courses on

LTE/LTE-Advanced for leading mobile operators and vendors. Marcin was a work-

package leader in EU-funded research projects aiming at radio interface design

for 5G including FP-7 5GNOW and FP-7 SOLDER. He co-authored several research

papers targeting LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G radio interface design, and is a co-

author of a book entitled "From LTE to LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G", (M. Rahnema,

M. Dryjanski, Artech House 2017). Marcin is the co-founder of Grandmetric,

heading the field of mobile wireless systems. In this role, Marcin provides

consulting services and training courses on LTE and 5G related topics. Marcin is

also a trainer at 5G-Courses.com. To contact Marcin, please write to:

marcin.dryjanski@grandmetric.com

Dr. Youssouf Ould Cheikh Mouhamedou is a Senior Wireless Access Expert. He

has 15+ years of international experience in both the academic and telecom

sectors in North America (Canada), Europe (Germany and France), and MENA

Region (Saudi Arabia) relating to wireless telecommunications, software

development, and project management. His interests are in wireless technology,

IoT, digitalization, cloud, strategy and roadmap, interfacing with vendors, project

execution and monitoring, and technical alliances and partnerships. He received

Dipl.-Ing. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical and computer engineering from Munich

University of Technology (TUM), Germany, and McGill University, Canada,

respectively. In 2017 he joined Grandmetric as Advisory Board Member. To

contact Youssouf, please write to: y.ouldcheikhmouhamedou@mail.mcgill.ca

21
Additional Resources

LTE -Advanced Pro – A Short Excursion See more

This Guidepaper starts with the features covered under the umbrella of LTE-Advanced Pro and is divided into the

ones standardized within Rel-13, Rel-14 and Rel-15 including details on some the features including: the integration

of LTE-Advanced Pro with WiFi or Licensed Assisted Access.

See more
From LTE to LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G
This Book examines the features of LTE-Advanced and LTE-Advanced Pro and how they integrate into existing LTE

networks. Professionals find in- depth coverage of how the air interface is structured at the physical layer and how

the related link level protocols are designed and work.

5G-PPP Projects - A Trip Through the See more

European Research Towards 5G
This Guidepaper gives an overview of the 5G research activity that has taken place within the EU funded projects

over the past several years and the projects that are still running and their objectives.

5G Features – A Voyage Through Selected See more

Aspects
This Guidepaper provides an overview of the 5G features currently being worked upon by the 3GPP and are expected

to be part of the standardized version of 5G.

See more
Grandmetric Blog
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always stay up to date. Moreover, the Explained section provides an insight into the technology we use.

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Grandmetric Services
Grandmetric offers technology expertise in the fields of wireless communications, IP networking and network

security.

Grandmetric consultancy understands the modern business needs and having best technological outlook can

provide advisory that will help you go beyond your competitors. We deliver our competences in the form of R&D,

implementation, auditing, technology consulting or writing dedicated technical reports.

Our consulting services cover:

• SD-WAN consulting, to help you understand: what is SD-WAN, when and where to use it, how to migrate to
SDWAN and what are the SD-WAN solutions.
• 5G consulting, to help you understand: what is 5G, how to migrate from 4G to 5G, what are the technologies
and use cases for 5G and IoT, what are the differences between LTE and 5G.
• WiFi consulting, to make sure you have the right WiFi design, by auditing, troubleshooting and
measurements, configuration and planning your WiFi network.
• IP Networks consulting, including Security auditing & design and Data Center architectures.

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To ask for help of our consultants write to: info@grandmetric.com

Grandmetric Consulting – your partner in IT transformation

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About “Towards 5G: Research and
Standardization” Course
Grandmetric co-authors the “Towards 5G – Research and Standardization” online course that is available at 5G-

courses.com platform.

The “Towards 5G – Research and Standardization” course allows you to get in-depth knowledge on the latest 5G

Air Interface and software defined architecture, with latest updates on 5G R&D projects and 3GPP standardization

process.

Learning Outcomes

• Understanding of the overall 5G ecosystem and individual building blocks

• Be aware of the 5G research, development and standardization roadmaps
• Knowledge on the 5G applicability in the variety of use cases
• Awareness of the latest research projects and research status
• Insights to the 3GPP standardization process
• Awareness of the latest 5G standardization developments
• Knowledge of the technologies for 5G air interface and architecture

To read more and enroll, visit: "Towards 5G: Research-and-Standardization" Course

We are pleased to offer you a special discount of 25% off the single license. To get the discount, use the promo

code: GRANDMETRIC

promo code: GRANDMETRIC

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 NETWORK & WIRELESS... STAY CONNECTED.

info@grandmetric.com

www.grandmetric.com
Poznan | Poland | Europe

Grandmetric is an R&D and training company specializing in Next Generation Networks along with Wireless

Systems based in Poznan, Poland. Our latest research is focused on 5G, Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Network

Security. We actively conduct technology trainings, are engaged in developing latest systems, and consulting

network designs.

Shall you have any enquiries or to schedule a meeting with us, please write at: info@grandmetric.com

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