why hardy ramanujan is called magic number??

1729, the Hardy-Ramanujan Number, is the smallest number which

can be expressed as the sum of two different cubes in two different
ways. 1729 is the sum of the cubes of 10 and 9 - cube of 10 is 1000
and cube of 9 is 729; adding the two numbers results in 1729.

Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920), the man who reshaped twentieth-

century mathematics with his various contributions in several
mathematical domains, including mathematical analysis, infinite
series, continued fractions, number theory, and game theory is
recognized as one of history's greatest mathematicians.
Srinivasa Ramanujan was a well-known Indian Mathematician who was born on 22
December 1887 during British rule. He was born in a poor Indian village, Erode,
belonging to a Tamil family. His father's name was Kuppuswamy Srinivas Aiyangar who
worked as a clerk in a saree shop, and his mother was a religious housewife.
Srinivasa Ramanujan's story is unconventional. A self-taught mathematical genius, in a
short but prolific life of just 32 years, he published about 4,000 theorems on many areas
in mathematics.

Leaving this world at the youthful age of 32, Ramanujan made significant contributions to
mathematics that only a few others could match in their lifetime. Surprisingly, he never
received any formal mathematics training. Most of his mathematical discoveries were based
only on intuition and were ultimately proven correct. With its humble and sometimes difficult
start, his life story is just as fascinating as his incredible work. Every year, Ramanujan’s birth
anniversary on December 22 is observed as National Mathematics Day.

For those of you who are unfamiliar with this series, which has come
to be known as the Ramanujan Summation after a famous Indian
mathematician named Srinivasa Ramanujan, it states that if you add
all the natural numbers, that is 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on, all the way to
infinity, you will find that it is equal to -1/12.
Introduction

The collaboration between G.H. Hardy and Srinivasa Ramanujan is one of the most famous
partnerships in the history of mathematics. Despite their different backgrounds and
working styles, their combined efforts produced significant advancements in the field,
particularly in number theory.
2. Background of G.H. Hardy

Godfrey Harold Hardy (1877-1947) was a prominent British mathematician known for his
work in number theory and mathematical analysis. Hardy was a professor at the University
of Cambridge and is well-known for his book "A Mathematician's Apology," which reflects
on the aesthetics of mathematics.

3. Background of Srinivasa Ramanujan

Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920) was an Indian mathematician who made substantial

contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series, and continued
fractions. Despite having almost no formal training in pure mathematics, Ramanujan
developed many groundbreaking results, some of which were completely novel.

4. The Beginning of Their Collaboration

Their collaboration began in 1913 when Ramanujan sent a letter to Hardy, filled with
unusual and original theorems. Hardy was initially skeptical but soon realized the
brilliance of Ramanujan's work. He invited Ramanujan to Cambridge, where they began
their collaborative efforts.

5. Key Contributions and Discoveries

• Partition Function: One of their most famous joint efforts was the asymptotic
formula for the partition function p(n)p(n)p(n), which counts the number of ways
an integer can be expressed as a sum of positive integers.
• Hardy-Ramanujan Number: The number 1729, known as the Hardy-Ramanujan
number, is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two
different ways.
• Ramanujan's Tau Function: They worked together on properties of the tau
function, which is a significant function in number theory.

6. Impact on Mathematics

The collaboration between Hardy and Ramanujan had a profound impact on mathematics.
Their work on the partition function and other number theoretic functions opened new
avenues in analytical number theory. Ramanujan's intuitive and novel approach
complemented Hardy's rigorous style, leading to a unique and productive partnership.
7. Legacy and Conclusion

The legacy of Hardy and Ramanujan's collaboration lives on in the numerous theorems and
concepts that bear their names. Their story is also a testament to the power of cross-
cultural and intellectual collaboration, showing how diversity in thought can lead to
significant advancements in knowledge.

Ramanujan’s sum