KITAABUS SAUM

BOOK ON FASTING

HANAFI MADHAB

By: Moulana Yusuf Laher

Contents

INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 3
VIRTUES OF FASTING AND RAMADHAAN....................... 5
DEFINITION OF SAUM ........................................................... 9
SIGHTING OF THE NEW MOON ........................................... 9
CONDITIONS FOR A FAST TO BE VALID ..................... 10
ON WHOM IS FASTING COMPULSORY ........................ 11
FARAA’IDH OF FASTING................................................. 12
NAWAAQIDH OF SAUM................................................... 14
THINGS WHICH DO NOT BREAK THE FAST ............... 16
MUSTAHABB FACTORS OF FASTING .......................... 18
MAKROOH ACTS WHILE FASTING ............................... 21
OCCASIONS WHEN THE FAST OF RAMADHAAN CAN
BE OMITTED ...................................................................... 22
QADHAA ................................................................................. 23
UNCONSCIOUSNESS AND INSANITY ........................... 25
KAFFAARAH .......................................................................... 26
MULTIPLE BROKEN FASTS AND AMOUNT OF
KAFFAARAHS .................................................................... 29
MISCELLANEOUS ............................................................. 30
WHEN DOES FIDYAH BECOME COMPULSORY ............. 31
MASNOON (NAFL) FASTS ................................................... 32

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 FORBIDDEN DAYS FOR FASTING ................................. 34
SADAQATUL FITR (FITRAH) .............................................. 34
I’ITIKAAF ................................................................................ 36
VIRTUES OF I’ITIKAAF .................................................... 36
THREE TYPES OF I’ITIKAAF ........................................... 37
NAFL .................................................................................... 37
THE SUNNAH MU’AKKADAH I’ITIKAAF OF
RAMADHAAN .................................................................... 37
RULES OF THIS I’ITIKAAF .............................................. 39
ACTS THAT BREAK THE I’ITIKAAF .............................. 40
PREFERRED ACTS DURING I’ITIKAAF ........................ 42
MAKROOH (UNDESIRABLE) ACTS DURING I’ITIKAAF
............................................................................................... 42
PERMISSIBLE ACTS DURING I’ITIKAAF ...................... 43
QADHAA OF A BROKEN I’ITIKAAF .............................. 43
WAAJIB I’ITIKAAF ............................................................ 44
FEMALE I’ITIKAAF ........................................................... 45
MISCELLANEOUS ............................................................. 46

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 َ ‫بِ ْس ِم اهللِ َو ا ْل‬
ِ‫ـح ْمدُ هلل‬

ِ‫الس ََل ُم َع ٰل َر ُس ْو ِل اهلل‬

َّ ‫الص ََل ُة َو‬
َّ ‫َو‬

، ‫و َع ٰل ٰالِه َو َا ْص َحابِه َو َب ْعد‬

INTRODUCTION

The literal meaning of Saum or Siyaam means ‘to abstain’.

According to Shari’ah, Saum means abstaining from eating,
drinking, sexual relations and all those factors prohibited during
fasting from dawn to dusk with an intention.
The compulsory (Fardh) fast takes place in Ramadhaan, the
ninth month of the Islamic calendar, for the entire month.
Allah Ta’aala says in the Qur’aan:
O YOU WHO BELIEVE! FASTING IS PRESCRIBED FOR
YOU AS IT WAS PRESCRIBED FOR THOSE BEFORE YOU
THAT YOU MAY BECOME PIOUS, (FASTING) FOR A
FIXED NUMBER OF DAYS. (Surah Baqarah)

Fasting also has rules and regulations which are compulsory to

learn and abide by so that the fast can be valid and accepted by
Allah.

Besides the compulsory fast of Ramadhaan, there are optional

fasts during the rest of the year and observing them brings great
reward and proximity unto Allah.

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The virtues, rules and laws of fasting are explained in this
treatise.
May Allah Ta’aala grant us the guidance to practise and through
His grace, may He accept all our Ibaadah, Aameen.

4
VIRTUES OF FASTING AND RAMADHAAN

Rasulullah Sallallaahu Alayhi wa Sallam said:

* THE MONTH OF FASTING HAS ARRIVED. IT IS A MONTH

OF BLESSING. IN IT LIES TREMENDOUS GOOD. ALLAH
ENVELOPES YOU (WITH GOODNESS), SENDS HIS MERCY
UPON YOU AND WIPES OUT SINS. DU’AAS ARE
ACCEPTED IN THIS MONTH. ALLAH LOOKS AT YOU
COMPETE WITH EACH OTHER IN GOOD DEEDS THEN HE
BOASTS ABOUT YOU TO HIS ANGELS. SO, SHOW ALLAH
GOODNESS FROM YOUR SIDE. UNDOUBTEDLY, THE
WRETCHED ONE IS HE WHO IS DEPRIVED OF THE
MERCY OF ALLAH THE ALMIGHTY IN THIS MONTH.
(Musnad Al Shaamiyyeen Tabraani)

* IT (RAMADHAAN) IS SUCH A MONTH, ALLAH HAS MADE

COMPULSORY UPON YOU ITS FASTING AND I HAVE
MADE SUNNAH UPON YOU ITS NIGHTLY SALAAH
(TARAAWEEH). SO, WHOEVER OBSERVES ITS FASTS AND
ITS NIGHTLY SALAAH WITH FAITH AND HOPE FOR
REWARD SHALL EMERGE FROM HIS SINS LIKE THE DAY
HIS MOTHER GAVE BIRTH TO HIM. (Ibni Maajah)
This Hadeeth means that if a person fasts and performs the
twenty Rakaahs Taraaweeh Salaah daily in the month of
Ramadhaan, he will be purified from his sins and he will be just
like a new-born baby. A new-born baby has no sins on its name.

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* WHEN RAMADHAAN BEGINS, THE DOORS OF JANNAH
ARE OPENED, THE DOORS OF JAHANNAM ARE CLOSED
AND THE REBELLIOUS SHAYAATEEN ARE IMPRISONED.
(Nasa’i)

* ONE WHO MAKES THE THIKR OF ALLAH IN

RAMADHAAN IS FORGIVEN AND ONE WHO ASKS FROM
ALLAH THEREIN (RAMADHAAN) IS NOT DEPRIVED.
(Tabraani fil Awsat)

* INDEED, ALLAH TA’AALA FREES SIX HUNDRED

THOUSAND (PEOPLE) FROM THE FIRE (OF JAHANNAM)
EVERY NIGHT IN RAMADHAAN. WHEN IT IS THE LAST
NIGHT, ALLAH FREES THE SAME AMOUNT THAT WAS
FREED DURING THE PAST (NIGHTS). (Shu’abul Imaan)

* Rasulullah Sallallaahu Alayhi wa Sallam said to the Sahaabah:

“COME CLOSER TO THE MIMBAR”, SO WE CAME
CLOSER. WHEN HE (SALLALLAAHU ALAYHI WA SALLAM)
CLIMBED THE FIRST STEP, HE SAID ‘AAMEEN’. WHEN HE
CLIMBED THE SECOND STEP HE SAID ‘AAMEEN’. WHEN
HE CLIMBED THE THIRD STEP HE SAID ‘AAMEEN’.
WHEN HE DESCENDED, WE SAID: “O RASOOL OF ALLAH,
WE HAVE HEARD SOMETHING FROM YOU TODAY THAT
WE NEVER HEARD BEFORE.” HE (SALLALLAAHU ALAYHI
WA SALLAM) SAID: “JIBRA’EEL (ALAYHIS SALAAM) CAME
TO ME AND SAID: WOE TO THAT PERSON WHO
WITNESSED RAMADHAAN BUT DID NOT SECURE
FORGIVENESS AND I SAID AAMEEN. WHEN I CLIMBED

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THE SECOND STEP, HE SAID WOE TO THAT PERSON IN
WHOSE PRESENCE MY NAME IS MENTIONED AND HE
DOES NOT RECITE SALAWAAT UPON ME AND I SAID
AAMEEN. WHEN I CLIMBED THE THIRD STEP, HE SAID
WOE TO THAT PERSON WHO HAD HIS PARENTS IN THEIR
OLD AGE AND WAS UNABLE TO ENTER JANNAH
THROUGH THEM AND I SAID AAMEEN”. (Al Mustadrak)
A person who attains the month of Ramadhaan but is neglectful
and does not perform the actions necessary to secure the
forgiveness of Allah is at a great loss. Ramadhaan is the
opportune time to secure the forgiveness and mercy of Allah.

* FASTING IS A SHIELD AS LONG AS HE DOES NOT TEAR

IT. (Nasa’i)
The shield is torn by committing sins while fasting.

* WHOEVER MISSES (OR BREAKS) A FAST IN

RAMADHAAN WITHOUT A CONCESSION (LIKE TRAVEL)
OR SICKNESS, A LIFETIME OF FASTING WILL NOT
COMPENSATE FOR IT, EVEN IF HE DOES FAST THAT
LONG. (Tirmidhi)
This is a severe warning from Rasulullah Sallallaahu Alayhi wa
Sallam for those who are neglectful of the fast of Ramadhaan.

* THE LEADER OF THE MONTHS IS RAMADHAAN AND

THE LEADER OF THE DAYS IS THE DAY OF FRIDAY.
(Tabraani fil Kabeer)

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The month with the most virtues and blessings in the Islamic
calendar is the noble month of Ramadhaan and the most
virtuous day of the week is a Friday.

* FOR A FASTING PERSON AT THE TIME OF IFTAAR

THERE IS AN ACCEPTED DU’AA. (Shu’abul Imaan)
A person should spend the last few minutes before Iftaar in
making Du’aa. As can be learnt from this Hadeeth, Du’aas are
accepted at that auspicious time.
May Allah Ta’aala grant us all the full benefits of fasting, both
in this world and in the hereafter, Aameen.

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DEFINITION OF SAUM

According to Shari’ah, Saum means abstention from eating,

drinking, sexual relations and all those factors prohibited during
fasting from dawn to dusk with an intention.

SIGHTING OF THE NEW MOON

The Islamic months are linked to the moon. The new moon
heralds a new Islamic month. An Islamic month can either have
29 or 30 days. The new moon (crescent) will be sought on the
29th of Sha’baan. If the new moon is seen it will be Ramadhaan
and the next day will be the first fast. If the moon is not seen
then Sha’baan will have thirty days and Ramadhaan will begin
thereafter. An example of this: 29th Sha’baan is a Monday. The
moon will be sought Monday after Maghrib. If it is seen then the
first fast of Ramadhaan will be on Tuesday. If it is not seen then
Sha’baan will have thirty days and the first fast will be on
Wednesday. Taraaweeh Salaah will commence on the night
before the first fast.

* If the sky is overcast and a pious person testifies that he saw

the moon for Ramadhaan then his word will be accepted and
Ramadhaan will commence. The person testifying can be a male
or female.

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* If the Eid moon for Eid was not seen because of the sky being
overcast then (for Eid) the testification of one person will not be
enough, irrespective of how trustworthy and pious he is.
If two pious males or one pious male and two pious females
testify, then it will be accepted.
If four females testify, it will not be accepted.

* The testification of a person who is neglectful of his religious

duties; he does not perform Salaah regularly, is a liar, is
involved in sin/s openly, etc. will not be accepted, even if he
testifies under oath.

* If the sky is clear then the testification of two or three people

will not be accepted, whether it is the moon for Ramadhaan or
Eid. For the testification to be valid, it must be many people;
that a person is satisfied that such a huge number of people
cannot be lying.

CONDITIONS FOR A FAST TO BE VALID

There are five conditions for a fast to be valid:

1. Islam. The fast of a non-Muslim is not valid.

2. The person must be sane. The fast of an insane person or a

child without understanding is not valid. The fast of a child, who
has understanding but is not as yet mature (Mukallaf), although
not compulsory on him, nevertheless is valid. When a child is
seven years of age and is able to fast, he should be encouraged

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to do so. This issue has been discussed in detail in the book on
Salaah. A child who is unable to fast (due to health reasons) will
not be forced to fast.

3. A female must be free from Haidh and Nifaas for her fast to
be valid.

4. The fast must take place on a day on which one is allowed to

fast. The forbidden days will be explained later.

5. The person must be aware as to when the fast begins and

ends, i.e. the times of fasting. Fasting commences at Subuh
Saadiq and ends at sunset.

ON WHOM IS FASTING COMPULSORY

The following four conditions make it compulsory for a person

to fast in the month of Ramadhaan:
1. The person is a Muslim.
2. The person is mature (Mukallaf).
3. The person is sane. Fasting is not compulsory upon an insane
person.
4. The person is able to fast. Examples of valid reasons to omit
the fast: Haidh and Nifaas, sickness, old age, etc.
A lady in Haidh or Nifaas will keep Qadhaa later.

If any of these conditions are not found, fasting will not be

compulsory on that person.

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FARAA’IDH OF FASTING

These factors are necessary for the fast to be valid.

1. Intention. It is not necessary that the intention is said verbally.

The intention in the heart suffices; the person must be aware that
he is going to fast.
A new intention will be made daily during the month of
Ramadhaan.
Waking up for Suhoor and partaking in Suhoor is the
confirmation of the Niyyah of fasting, but it will be better to also
make a verbal Niyyah.

Example of a Niyyah for fasting:

، ‫ن ََو ْي ُت َص ْو َم َغ ٍد‬
I intend to fast tomorrow

2. If a person did not eat and drink for the entire day but did not
have the intention of fasting, then it will not be counted as a fast.

It is best to make the Niyyah before Subh Saadiq. If the Niyyah

was not made at that time, then it can be made up to
approximately one hour before Zawaal. This time is referred to
as Nisfun Nahaar.
Nisfun Nahaar can be calculated in the following manner:
Example:
Subh Saadiq: 5.00 am
Sunset 5.30 pm

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The duration between the two is twelve and a half (12 ½) hours.
Divide it by two: six hours and fifteen minutes.
Add this to Subh Saadiq.: 5.00 + 6.15 = 11.15 am.
So, the Niyyah can be made up to 11.15 am.
Niyyah can be made up to this time on condition that nothing
transpired during this time which breaks a fast, e.g. eating,
drinking, etc.
Because Subh Saadiq and sunset times change daily, calculate
the time of Nisfun Nahaar for a particular day according to the
times of Subh Saadiq and sunset for that day.

3. The intention up to Nisfun Nahaar is related to the Fardh fasts

of Ramadhaan, a vow in which the day is stipulated and optional
fasts. Optional fasts include the Sunnah fasts.
The intention for Qadhaa, Kaffaarah and the vow in which the
day is not stipulated must be made before Subh Saadiq.

4. Abstention from all things that break the fast from dawn till
sunset.

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NAWAAQIDH OF SAUM

The general rule is that anything that enters through a natural

opening in the body will break the fast. The natural openings
are; the mouth, ears, nose and front private part of the female,
(not a male) and rear private parts of both male and female.

These factors break a fast:

1. To intentionally let anything reach the stomach or head,

whether by eating, drinking, swallowing something, smoking or
inhaling smoke. Swallowing or eating inedible objects also
break the fast, such as sand, grass, coins, etc.

2. If there was a particle of food stuck between the teeth and the
size of the particle is equal to a chickpea or more and it is
swallowed, then the fast will break. If it was less than the size of
a chickpea, the fast will not break.

3. If while making Wudhu the person is aware he is fasting and

water slipped down the throat or he sniffed the water high up
into the nose, the fast will break.
Applying medication in the nose also breaks the fast.
Use of an asthma pump breaks the fast.

4. Entering any medicine or liquid through the anal passage also

breaks the fast, e.g. an enema or suppository. The fast will also
break if this is done through the front private part of a female.

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5. Vomiting. If a person intentionally vomited (forced himself to
vomit) and the amount is a mouthful or more, the fast will break.
* If one vomited involuntarily then the fast will not break,
irrespective of the amount.
* Vomiting less than a mouthful, even if it was induced, will not
break the fast.
* If the person vomited a little and it was involuntarily
swallowed, the fast will not break. If it was intentionally
swallowed, the fast will break.
If he vomited a mouthful involuntarily but swallowed it
voluntarily, then too the fast will break, even if he did not
swallow all, but just a bit of it.

6. Sexual intercourse breaks the fast, whether there was

ejaculation or not. When the male private part enters the female
private part or enters the anal private part the fast will break
even if ejaculation did not take place. It is best to refrain from
such acts while fasting which increases passion and lust, e.g.
kissing, fondling, etc.

Masturbation also breaks the fast.

If a person forgetfully indulged in sexual intercourse, then the

fast will not break.

7. Ejaculation caused by romancing with one’s wife, even if

there was no sexual intercourse.

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8. It is forbidden to fast during Haidh and Nifaas. The fasts of
Ramadhaan missed during Haidh and Nifaas will be kept as
Qadhaa some other time.

9. Applying oil or medicine in the ears will break the fast.

10. If there is blood in the saliva and the blood is more than the
saliva and it is swallowed, the fast will break. If the saliva is
more, the fast will not break.

11. Inserting an instrument, even if it is for a medical test, or

lubricant into the front private part of a female or rear private
part of both males and females.
If the instrument is dry at the time of insertion, was inserted
once and taken out, the fast will not break. If it was taken out
partially and reinserted or taken out fully and reinserted, or it
was lubricated, then the fast will break.

If a fast of Ramadhaan breaks, then the person should refrain

from eating and drinking for the rest of the day. He should wait
for the time of Iftaar to eat.

THINGS WHICH DO NOT BREAK THE FAST

1. Eating, drink or indulging in sexual intercourse forgetfully.

This means that while doing one of them, he completely forgot
that he was fasting, and he never recalled that he was fasting
while indulging himself. If at any time while indulging himself
he recalls that he is fasting and he immediately stops, the fast

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will be intact. If he carries on for even a short while, the fast will
break.
If a fasting person is seen eating forgetfully and he is physically
weak then do not remind him while he is eating, tell him after he
has eaten. His fast will still be valid.
If he is a strong person then tell him immediately. He must stop
eating immediately and his fast will be valid.

2. Applying eye-drops. Even if the taste of the eye-drops is felt

in the throat, the fast will not break. Surmah (antimony) can also
be applied while fasting.

3. Water entering the ears does not break the fast.

4. Smoke inhaled unintentionally.

5. Swallowing of saliva and mucus.

6. Injections do not break the fast.

7. Wet dreams do not break the fast.

8. Ejaculation caused by imagination, fantasising, or looking at a

female.

9. Vomiting, irrespective of the amount, if it was not induced.

10. Use of a Miswaak throughout the day. Avoid using a

flavoured Miswaak while fasting.

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11. Breastfeeding a baby.

12. If a person needed a Fardh bath at the time of commencing

the fast, he will begin the fast in that condition. He can bath later
after beginning the fast. Being in the state of Janaabah at that
time of beginning the fast does not prevent the person from
fasting. Ghusl will be taken later.

MUSTAHABB FACTORS OF FASTING

1. To make Iftaar on time i.e. not to delay it. Iftaar should be

made as soon as the sun sets. It cannot be made before sunset. A
person has to be sure that the sun has set before making Iftaar.

Rasulullah (Sallallaahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said: THIS UMMAH

WILL REMAIN ON GOODNESS AS LONG AS THEY HASTEN
THE IFTAAR AND DELAY THE SUHOOR. (Musnad Ahmad).

In another Hadeeth it is mentioned: ALLAH TA’AALA SAYS

THAT THE MOST BELOVED OF SERVANTS UNTO ME ARE
THOSE WHO HASTEN THE IFTAAR. (Tirmidhi).

Iftaar should be made with something sweet. It is best to make

Iftaar with dates and water.

Hadeeth: RASULULLAH (SALLALLAAHU ALAYHI WA

SALLAM) WOULD EAT A FEW FRESH DATES (FOR
IFTAAR) BEFORE THE MAGHRIB SALAAH. IF THERE

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WERE NO FRESH DATES THEN DRY DATES. IF THERE
WERE NO DRY DATES, THEN A FEW SIPS OF WATER.
(Tirmidhi)

2. To delay the Suhoor. The Suhoor must be completed before

Subuh Saadiq. If a person ears or drinks after Subuh Saadiq has
commenced, the fast will not be valid.

Hadeeth: PARTAKE IN SUHOOR, FOR INDEED IN SUHOOR

THERE IS BLESSINGS. (Bukhaari)
Hadeeth: TAKE HELP (STRENGTH) FROM THE FOOD OF
SUHOOR OVER THE FAST OF THE DAY AND FROM
QAYLOOLAH (A SHORT REST DURING THE DAY) FOR
STANDING IN PRAYER AT NIGHT. (Ibni Maajah).

Those people who cannot eat at the time of Suhoor should at

least drink some water.

Rasulullah (Sallallaahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said: PARTAKE OF

SUHOOR EVEN IF IT IS A SIP OF WATER. (Musannaf ibni
Abi Shaybah).

The time for Suhoor lasts till Subuh Saadiq.

3. To abstain from evil and useless talk while fasting. Although

this is forbidden at all times, extra precautions should be taken
while fasting. A person should refrain from all things forbidden
and undesirable. A person who stays away from forbidden

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things during the entire month of Ramadhaan will find it easier
to refrain from them during the other eleven months.
Committing sins while fasting decrease the spirituality and
reward of the fast.
Rasulullah (Sallallaahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said: MANY
FASTING PERSONS, THERE IS NOTHING FOR HIM FROM
HIS FAST EXCEPT HUNGER. (Ibni Maajah).
This means that by committing sins the person has destroyed the
rewards of the fast and there is no reward for him. He has gained
nothing from his fast besides experiencing hunger; to no avail.

4. To recite the Qur’aan and to listen to it being recited.

5. If a person did not wake up for Suhoor then he should fast

without Suhoor, he should not omit the fast. To leave out the
fast because of missing Suhoor is feebleness and sinful.

6. To give charity in abundance in the month of Ramadhaan.

Nabi (Sallallaahu Alayhi wa Sallam) was most generous in the
month of Ramadhaan. It is also very rewarding to give a fasting
person something to eat and/or drink to break his fast.

7. To make Du’aa prior to Iftaar.

8. To read the Du’aa of Iftaar. The following Du’aa can be

recited when making Iftaar:
، ‫له َّم َل َك ُص ْم ُت َو َع ٰل ِر ْز ِق َك َا ْف َط ْر ُت‬
ُ ‫َال‬

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O Allah, for You have I fasted and with your provision (food) do
I break my fast.

9. To sit in I’itikaaf. This will be explained later.

MAKROOH ACTS WHILE FASTING

1. Bad language and evil actions. This has been explained

above. This includes back-biting (Gheebah), lying, etc.

2. To kiss, fondle or caress one’s spouse, especially if there is a

possibility of it going further.

3. To use toothpaste, etc. while fasting. If the toothpaste or

another substance used goes down the throat, the fast will break.
The Miswaak can be used the entire day. Do not let the smell
developed due to fasting bother you.
Rasulullah (Sallallaahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said: INDEED, THE
SMELL FROM THE MOUTH OF A FASTING PERSON IS
MORE FRAGRANT UNTO ALLAH THAN THE SMELL OF
MUSK. (Bukhaari)

4. Gargling the mouth while fasting. If the water goes down the
throat, the fast will break.

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OCCASIONS WHEN THE FAST OF RAMADHAAN CAN
BE OMITTED

1. SICKNESS. If the person is ill and fasting will increase or

prolong the sickness, then he is exempted from fasting.
If he knows that by fasting, his sickness will not increase and he
will not undergo much difficulty, then it will not be permissible
for him to leave out the fast.
* If the fast was omitted due to sickness, it will have to be kept
later (after Ramadhaan) as Qadhaa. One Qadhaa will be kept for
one missed fast.

2. JOURNEY. If a person is travelling the distance which

qualifies one to become a Musaafir then the fast can be omitted,
whether difficulty will be experienced on the journey or not.
Qadhaa will be kept later. If there will be no difficulty and he
can comfortably manage to fast, then it will be better to fast on
the journey.
If a traveller intends to stay fifteen days or more at a place, then
he must fast.

3. An elderly person who cannot fast.

4. A pregnant lady who is unable to fast; fasting will cause her

to become weak or will be harmful to the baby.

5. A breastfeeding lady who is unable to fast; she will be unable

to produce enough milk for the baby.

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6. The condition of Haidh or Nifaas. Fasting during Haidh or
Nifaas is not permitted and will not be valid.

QADHAA

Qadhaa is keeping a fast for a fast that was missed or broken.

Qadhaa should be kept as soon as possible. Do not delay
unnecessarily; there is no guarantee on life.

The Niyyah for a Qadhaa fast must be made before Subh

Saadiq.

The instances mentioned below necessitates Qadhaa and not

Kaffaarah:

1. Fasts missed during Haidh or Nifaas.

2. While making Wudhu the person was aware that he is fasting

but while rinsing the mouth, the water went down the throat or
was sniffed high up into the nose.

3. A person thought that Subh Saadiq did not as yet take place
and kept on eating, drinking or indulged in sexual intercourse.
Thereafter he realised that it was already Subh Saadiq.

4. He was threatened with harm if he did not eat or drink.

Because of the threat he will eat or drink and keep a Qadhaa
later.

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5. Ejaculation because of seeing, wet dreams, involuntary
vomiting, eating and drinking and sexual intercourse without
remembering that the person is fasting does not break the fast. If
one of these occurred and the person ate after that thinking that
his fast broke, then only a Qadhaa will be necessary.

6. Entering medication into the rear private part or the front

private part of a female, oil into the ears and eating something
which is not usually eaten, e.g. a coin, etc.

7. If the Niyyah was not made before Subh Saadiq but was made
during the day before Nisfun Nahaar and thereafter the person
broke the fast intentionally, only a Qadhaa will be kept.

8. Masturbation.

9. Ejaculation (without intercourse) due to romancing with one’s

wife.

10. A person thought sunset has taken place, but it did not.

11. If a Nafl or Sunnah fast is broken for whatever reason.

12. If a Qadhaa was broken then it will be kept again.

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UNCONSCIOUSNESS AND INSANITY

1. If a person remained unconscious for the entire month of

Ramadhaan, Qadhaa will be kept for the entire month.

2. If he became unconscious at night after he had made the

intention to fast and nothing (medicine, water, etc.) was put
down his throat, then the fast of the day (after that night) will be
valid. Qadhaa will be made of the rest of the days (after this
day) in which he remained unconscious.
Yes, if on that first day he was given medicine, etc. or he did not
intend to fast, then Qadhaa of that day will be made too.

3. If he became unconscious during the day while fasting and no

medicine, water, etc was given to him then the fast of this day
will be valid. If something was given to him then Qadhaa of this
day will be made and of the subsequent days he remained
unconscious.

4. If a person remained insane for the entire month of

Ramadhaan, there will be no Qadhaa upon him after regaining
sanity.

5. If he regained his sanity in Ramadhaan then he will fast for

the balance of Ramadhaan and make Qadhaa of the days he was
insane.

25
KAFFAARAH

Kaffaarah is atonement and compensation for an error

committed. Kaffaarah only applies to the fasts of Ramadhaan.
Breaking the fast deliberately by eating, drinking or sexual
intercourse while fasting in Ramadhaan makes Qadhaa and
Kaffaarah compulsory.

Sexual intercourse during the night is permissible.

If a person starts fasting then breaks the fast without a valid

reason, he will have to keep Kaffaarah of sixty consecutive fasts
as well as one Qadhaa, totalling sixty-one days. It is necessary
that the sixty days of Kaffaarah be kept consecutively. If a
person misses one day of fasting at any stage during the sixty
days, he will have to begin that Kaffaarah all over again, even if
he had fasted 59 of the 60 days.

If it is a lady, her Haidh (periods) in-between will not be

considered as missing a few days. She will have to carry on with
the Kaffaarah as soon as her Haidh is over. If after the Haidh she
misses a day, then she will have to restart the entire Kaffaarah.

If a person broke a few fasts, he will keep one Kaffaarah and

Qadhaa of the days missed.

Kaffaarah means to free a slave (Muslim or non-Muslim, male

or female, adult or child slave) and if this is not possible then to

26
fast for sixty days consecutively and if this is not possible then
to feed sixty needy people.
This sequence has to be followed. In other words, where it is
possible to free a slave, this has to be carried out without a
choice. Where this is not possible, (in the current situation
where there are no slaves and proper Islamic countries), the
second option is fasting for sixty days consecutively.

It is not permissible for a person who can fast to feed people. If

he cannot fast because of old age, sickness, etc. then only will he
be permitted to feed sixty needy people.

Giving in cash or kind is referred to as Fidyah. The value of a

Fidyah is the same as the value of Sadaqatul Fitr. This is
equivalent to approximately the value of 1.6 kg bread flour (in
South Africa).
When Fidyah must be given, find out the current value from an
Aalim in your locality.

If a sick person started feeding people as Kaffaarah and during

the process he recovered from his sickness, he has to
compulsorily fast the sixty days, notwithstanding that he had
commenced feeding. What he had fed thus far will go down as
Nafl charity.
One more day (besides the sixty) will be kept as Qadhaa.

Kaffaarah is compulsory on the person who committed sexual

intercourse and on the person it was done to, if the person was
willing. If the wife was forced by the husband, then Kaffaarah

27
will be compulsory on the husband and not on the wife who was
forced. She will only keep a Qadhaa.

Related to sexual intercourse, Kaffaarah will become

compulsory if certain conditions are found. If any one of them is
not found then Kaffaarah will not be compulsory and only
Qadhaa will be made.
The conditions are:

1. When the glans of the penis (head of the penis) enters, the fast
will break, even if there was no ejaculation, Qadhaa and
Kaffaarah will become compulsory.

2. It must be a fast of Ramadhaan. Sexual intercourse during any

other fast will not make Kaffaarah compulsory. A Qadhaa will
be compulsory.

3. The person had to be in the state of fasting when committing

the act and the Niyyah for fasting was made before Subuh
Saadiq.

4. It was committed intentionally, i.e. the person was aware that

he was fasting. If the person forgot that he was fasting and never
recalled, then the fast is intact.

5. The person done it out of his own free will and was not
forced. If he was forced and threatened, then only a Qadhaa will
be compulsory.

28
6. It was committed in one of the two private parts (front or
anal), whether male or female. It must be remembered that to
commit a sexual act anally with a female or male to male is
totally prohibited at all times.

7. The person must be Mukallaf (matured).

MULTIPLE BROKEN FASTS AND AMOUNT OF

KAFFAARAHS

1. If a person broke a few fasts in the same Ramadhaan then one

Kaffaarah will suffice and Qadhaa of the broken fasts.

2. If a person broke fasts through eating and drinking in

different Ramadhaans, then too one Kaffaarah will suffice for
the different Ramadhaans and the Qadhaas will be kept.

3. If a person indulged in sexual intercourse more than once in

the same Ramadhaan, one Kaffaarah will suffice and the
Qadhaas will be kept.

4. If a person indulged in sexual intercourse in different

Ramadhaans then one Kaffaarah will not suffice. The amount of
Kaffaarahs will be according to the amount of Ramadhaans.
Example: if it was done in three Ramadhaans, then three
separate Kaffaarahs will be kept, and so forth. The Qadhaas will
also be kept.

29
MISCELLANEOUS

* If Nifaas occurs during Kaffaarah, the sixty days will have to

be restarted from the beginning.

* If a person broke the sequence of Kaffaarah due to sickness,

injury, etc. then too the Kaffaarah must be restarted from the
beginning.
The only valid reason to carry on the Kaffaarah from where a
person left off is Haidh, and nothing else.

* If cooked food is given to the needy then two meals per person
will be given in a single day. The food at both times must be
enough to fully satisfy the person.

* If it is given in raw form then it must equal in value to

Sadaqatul Fitr. This will be once daily.

* It is also permissible to give cash to the value of Sadaqatul

Fitr.

* If the same needy person is given food twice a day for sixty
days or given in the raw form for sixty days or cash is given for
sixty days, it will be permissible and the Kaffaarah will be valid.

* The sixty days of feeding or giving does not have to be

consecutive. It can be spread.

30
* If sixty days raw food or cash is given at one time to a needy
person, it will not be valid. This will only serve as one day of
Kaffaarah. Similarly, if it is given sixty times in the same day to
the same person, it will not be valid. It will serve as one day’s
amount.
It is incorrect to give for more than a day to a needy person on
the same day.

* If given to sixty different people on the same day, or thirty

people on two days and so forth, it will be valid.

* If less than the value of Sadaqatul Fitr is given, it will not be

valid.

* It will be given to needy Muslims.

WHEN DOES FIDYAH BECOME COMPULSORY

Fidyah is only for those who leave out the fast because of a
sickness, and do not have hope of ever recovering from that
sickness. In fact, even if such a person who had no hope of
recovery paid the Fidyah and thereafter recovered, he or she will
have to observe Qadhaa of the missed fasts.

Fidyah is also for those who due to old age cannot observe the
fast. An old person incapable of fasting will pay Fidyah for
every fast missed.

31
The Fidyah for one missed fast is the amount given in Fitrah
(Sadaqatul-Fitr)

Fidyah becomes compulsory when a person is incapable of

fasting in Ramadhaan and later.

Fidyah will be given to needy Muslims.

MASNOON (NAFL) FASTS

These are fasts which are not compulsory, but if observed, bring
great reward (Thawaab). The purpose of these fasts is to gain
closeness unto Allah.

1. The 9th of Dhul Hijjah; a day before Eidul Adhaa. Regarding

this fast, it is mentioned in a Hadeeth that a person who observes
this fast, his sins of the previous year and of the coming year
will be forgiven (Muslim). It is more rewarding to fast from the
1st of Dhul Hijjah to the 9th. Note that sins refer to minor sins. A
person should make Taubah for any major sin committed.

2. The fasts of Aashuraa. This is the 9th and 10th or 10th and 11th
of Muharram. Sins of the previous year are forgiven by virtue of
this fast.

3. Ayyaam Beedh. This is the 13th, 14th and 15th of every Islamic
month. Ayyaam Beedh means the white or brightened days. The
reason for this name is that on these nights there is a full moon

32
and the nights of these days are brighter than the other nights of
the month.
SAYYIDINA ABU HURAYRAH (RADHIYALLAAHU ANHU)
NARRATES THAT HIS FRIEND (MEANING RASULULLAH
SALLALLAAHU ALAYHI WA SALLAM) GAVE HIM THREE
ADVICES; TO FAST THREE DAYS OF EVERY MONTH, TO
PERFORM TWO RAKAAHS OF DHUHAA SALAAH AND TO
PERFORM THE SALAAH OF WITR BEFORE SLEEPING.
(Bukhaari).

4. The 15th of Sha’baan.

5. The six fasts of Shawwaal. THE HADEETH MENTIONS

THAT WHOEVER FASTS FOR THE MONTH OF
RAMADHAAN AND FOLLOWS IT WITH THE SIX FASTS OF
SHAWWAAL, IT IS AS IF HE HAS FASTED FOR THE ENTIRE
YEAR. (Muslim).
These fasts can be kept consecutively after the day of Eid or
spread through the month of Shawwaal. Note that it must be
kept in the month of Shawwaal.

6. Mondays and Thursdays. RASULULLAH (SALLALLAAHU

ALAYHI WA SALLAM) SAID THAT THE ACTIONS OF A
PERSON ARE PRESENTED TO ALLAH ON THESE TWO
DAYS AND HE PREFERS THAT HE IS IN THE CONDITION
OF FASTING WHEN HIS ACTIONS ARE PRESENTED.
(Nasa’i).

33
FORBIDDEN DAYS FOR FASTING

These are five days:

The day of Eidul Fitr
The day of Eidul Adhaa
The three days after Eidul Adhaa.
It is Haraam to fast on these days and if someone does fast on
these forbidden days the fast will not be valid.

SADAQATUL FITR (FITRAH)

The purpose of this charity is to compensate for any lapses that

may have taken place during the fast of Ramadhaan. Thus it is a
means of purification.

It is Waajib on every Muslim male, female and child. It is the

duty of the person to give on his own behalf and on behalf of his
non-Baaligh children. He should also give on behalf of his
insane offspring.
If he gives on behalf of his wife or matured offspring or any
other mature person, he has to obtain their consent for it to be
valid.

It is also compulsory on a person who did not fast in

Ramadhaan.

Sadaqatul Fitr is compulsory on a person on whom Zakaah is

compulsory and on a person on whom Zakaah is not compulsory

34
but owns the amount of Nisaab on the day of Eid or owns items
or goods to the value of Nisaab in excess of his needs. If he has
less than this or does not possess such extra items, then
Sadaqatul Fitr will not be compulsory on him.

Although Sadaqatul Fitr becomes Waajib (compulsory) at the

time of Fajr on the day of Eid, it can be given during
Ramadhaan. It is best to have already given it before one
proceeds for the Eid Salaah. If it wasn’t given before the Eid
Salaah, then give it after the Eid Salaah.

If it was not given on the day of Eid, it still must be given later,
it does not become pardoned.

The amount to be given is 1.6 kg of grain or flour from the

staple diet of the locality. Either the grain or flour or the value of
it can be given to the needy. When Sadaqatul Fitr has to be
given, find out the current value from an Aalim in your locality.

Sadaqatul Fitr can only be given to certain people and these are
the same people that Zakaah can be given to. Details of this will
be explained in the book on Zakaah, Inshaa Allah Ta’aala.

It is permissible to give more than one Sadaqatul Fitr to a single

person or to divide a single Sadaqatul Fitr and give more than
one person.

35
I’ITIKAAF

I’itikaaf is another important and valuable Sunnah of

Ramadhaan.

I’itikaaf means to stay in a Masjid with an intention and abiding

by certain rules.

VIRTUES OF I’ITIKAAF

Sayyidina Ali Radhiyallaahu Anhu says that Rasulullah

Sallallaahu Alayhi wa Sallam said: WHOEVER SITS IN
I’ITIKAAF IN THE TEN DAYS OF RAMADHAAN WILL
RECEIVE THE REWARD OF TWO HAJ AND TWO UMRAHS.
(Shu’abul Imaan Bayhaqi)

Once when close to the sacred grave or Rasulullah Sallallaahu

Alayhi wa Sallam, Sayyidina Abdullah ibni Abbaas
Radhiyallaahu Anhu said: I HEARD THE INMATE OF THIS
QABR SALLALLAAHU ALAYHI WA SALLAM NOT SO LONG
AGO SAY: WHOEVER PERFORMS I’ITIKAAF ONE DAY FOR
THE SAKE OF ALLAH, ALLAH WILL CREATE BETWEEN
HIM AND THE FIRE OF JAHANNAM THREE TRENCHES,
EACH OF WHICH WILL BE GREATER THAN THE
DISTANCE BETWEEN THE EAST AND THE WEST.
(Shu’abul Imaan Bayhaqi)

36
THREE TYPES OF I’ITIKAAF

1. Nafl. 2. Sunnah Mu’akkadah. 3. Waajib.

NAFL

It is Mustahabb to make an intention of Nafl I’itikaaf when

entering a Masjid. This I’itikaaf will last as long as one remains
in the Masjid. The I’itikaaf will terminate when one leaves.
By making the Niyyah of Nafl I’itikaaf whenever entering a
Masjid, e.g. when going for Salaah, extra reward will be earned.
This Niyyah can be made in the following words:
، ‫ـم ْس ِج ِد‬ َ ‫اْل ْع ِتك‬
َ ‫َاف ِهللِ َع َّز َو َج َّل َما ُد ْم ُت ِِف ا ْل‬
ِ ْ ‫نَوي ُت‬
َْ
I make the Niyyah of Nafl I’itikaaf for Allah Azza Wa Jall, for as
long as I remain in the Masjid.

A person should make it a habit of making the Niyyah of Nafl

I’itikaaf whenever he enters the Masjid.

THE SUNNAH MU’AKKADAH I’ITIKAAF OF

RAMADHAAN

This I’itikaaf is Sunnah Mu’akkadah Alal Kifaayah. This means

that if one or two people sit for this I’itikaaf in a community
then the rest will be absolved of this responsibility. If no one in
the community fulfils this important Ibaadah, everyone will be
responsible for this neglect.

37
This I’itikaaf begins on the 21st eve at the time of Maghrib (after
the 20th fast) and ends when the moon of Shawwaal is sighted.
Thus, the person intending I’itikaaf must be in the Masjid before
sunset on the 21st eve. The I’itikaaf commences on the 21st eve,
so, the person must be in the Masjid before sunset and the
Niyyah must be made before sunset.

The purpose of this I’itikaaf is to seek Laylatul Qadr. Laylatul

Qadr is a night which is worth more than one thousand months
(approximately eighty-three years). A person fortunate enough
to spend this night in worship receives the reward of at least one
thousand months of worship (Ibaadah).
It is mentioned that Laylatul Qadr usually falls on any night
during the last ten nights of Ramadhaan, so seek it in those ten
nights.

Although it is not necessary to sit in I’itikaaf to seek Laylatul

Qadr, it is the best way to do it. Rasulullah (Sallallaahu Alayhi
wa Sallam) also used to sit in I’itikaaf.

A person sitting in I’itikaaf for these ten days frees himself from
worldly activities and engages himself in the remembrance of
Allah through recitation of the Qur’aan, Salaah, Thikr, gaining
knowledge, etc.

38
RULES OF THIS I’ITIKAAF

* It has to take place in a Masjid.

* The intention (Niyyah) must be made.
* The person must be pure; not in the state of Janaabah.
* If a lady intends to sit in I’itikaaf, she must not be in the state
of Haidh or Nifaas.
* The I’itikaaf begins on the 21st eve of Ramadhaan and ends
when the Eid moon is sighted. Thus this I’itikaaf can be for nine
or ten days.
* The person intending this I’itikaaf must be in the Masjid
before sunset of the 21st eve.
* It is best to make this I’itikaaf in a Masjid wherein Salaatul
Jumu’ah takes place. If Salaatul Jumu’ah does not take place in
the Masjid then the Mu’takif (person in I’itikaaf) will go for
Salaatul Jumu’ah to a Masjid where it takes place and return to
the Masjid of I’itikaaf immediately thereafter.
* The person must remain within the boundaries of the Masjid.
If he leaves the boundaries of the Masjid without a valid reason,
the I’itikaaf will break.
* If he leaves the boundaries of the Masjid for a valid reason and
returns thereafter, the I’itikaaf is still intact. He must return as
soon as the purpose is achieved. Unnecessary delay will break
the I’itikaaf.
Valid reasons are:
1. To go to toilet to answer the call of nature.
2. To make Wudhu when it breaks.
3. To have a Fardh bath (after a wet dream). He should make
Tayammum and leave the Masjid to bath. He must not bring his

39
impure clothes back into the Masjid. If he has no other clean
clothes and has no one to wash it for him, he will be permitted to
wash the clothes outside the Masjid, the I’itikaaf will not break.
There are differences of opinion regarding the Sunnah Ghusl of
Jumu’ah, thus it will be best to omit this Ghusl.
4. To go for Jumu’ah Salaah if it is not performed in this Masjid.
He must go to the other Masjid for Jumu’ah Salaah in time to
perform four Rakaahs Sunnah before the Khutbah. He will only
perform the six Sunnah Rakaahs after the Fardh Salaah and
thereafter must return to the Masjid of I’itikaaf. If he wastes
time on the way, then the I’itikaaf will break.
5. To fetch food if there is no one to bring his meals.
6. To wash utensils if there is no one to do it for him and he does
not have clean utensils.
7. To give Adhaan even if the regular Mu’adh-dhin is present.
8. If this Masjid collapses and becomes inhabitable, to move to
another Masjid without delay.
9. To move to another Masjid if there is a danger to life or limb.

ACTS THAT BREAK THE I’ITIKAAF

1. Leaving the Masjid merely to wash the hands, rinse the mouth
or brush the teeth. The teeth can be brushed while making
Wudhu.
2. To go out for a bath which is not Fardh.
3. To go out for Wudhu while the previous Wudhu is still intact.
4. Committing any sexual act which results in the emission of
semen.

40
5. Leaving the Masjid because of an emergency which is rare
such as; collapsing of the roof or walls, fear of an animal,
robber, etc.
6. To go out specifically to visit a sick person or attend a
Janaazah. Even if the Janaazah Salaah is being performed in this
Masjid compound but outside the Masjid proper, he may not
join the Janaazah Salaah.
7. To dry oneself in the Wudhu area after making Wudhu. The
person should keep a towel in the Masjid and dry himself inside
the Masjid. This does not apply to a bath. A person may dry
himself in the bathroom after a bath.
8. Leaving the Masjid to help someone in distress.
9. Being forcefully evicted from the Masjid.
10. If a person goes out of the Masjid for a valid reason but after
completing his purpose, spends more time speaking to someone
or doing something unnecessary, the I’itikaaf will break.
Speaking while walking back to the Masjid without standing or
waiting will not break the I’itikaaf.
11. If the fast of the Mu’takif breaks, the I’itikaaf will also
break.
Although some of the instances mentioned above are not sinful
(examples: numbers 5,8,9), nevertheless the I’itikaaf will break.

41
PREFERRED ACTS DURING I’ITIKAAF

* Recitation of the Qur’aan.

* Thikr.
* Gaining Islamic knowledge.
* Nafl Salaah.
A person unable to sit for the full I’itikaaf of ten days should not
deprive himself completely. Whenever possible he should spend
a night or part thereof in the Masjid, engaged in Ibaadah, with
the intention of Nafl I’itikaaf.

MAKROOH (UNDESIRABLE) ACTS DURING I’ITIKAAF

1. To remain totally silent, regarding the silence as an Ibaadah.

2. To speak of worldly affairs, unless necessary.
3. To indulge in futile talk, joking, arguing and fighting.
4. To inconvenience another person also in I’itikaaf or anyone
else.
5. To do business in the Masjid if one has a means of income or
someone to take care of one’s business. If this is not the case,
then he can conduct his business from the Masjid. If the
business is such that it involves merchandise which takes up
space, such merchandise must not be brought into the Masjid. If
the merchandise is small items which will not take up space,
then it can be brought into the Masjid.

42
PERMISSIBLE ACTS DURING I’ITIKAAF

* Trimming the nails.

* Trimming the moustache and neatening the beard. Ensure that
the Masjid is not dirtied.
* Eating and sleeping in the Masjid.
* To change clothes. Do it in complete privacy.
* Keeping a basin and water to wash the hands and rinse the
mouth. Do not mess the Masjid.
* The person can wait by the toilet if it is occupied.

QADHAA OF A BROKEN I’ITIKAAF

When an I’itikaaf breaks for whatever reason, Qadhaa for the

days it was broken will have to be done. Qadhaa will only be
made for the day it was broken and not for the balance of the
days after it. The person will also fast during this day of Qadhaa
I’itikaaf.
If the Qadhaa is being done in Ramadhan, then the fasts of
Ramadhaan will suffice.

43
WAAJIB I’ITIKAAF

This is an I’itikaaf which a person makes compulsory upon

himself by means of a vow (Nathar). As an example, a person
says: If Allah Ta’aala cures me from my sickness, or, if my
certain need is fulfilled, I will sit in I’itikaaf for Allah. Or a
person just says: I will sit in I’itikaaf for Allah.
In these cases, the I’itikaaf becomes compulsory (Waajib)
according to the number of days stipulated by the person in his
vow.
Fasting is compulsory when fulfilling a Waajib I’itikaaf. It will
not be valid without fasting.
The minimum period for this I’itikaaf is one full day (twenty-
four hours).
If a person specifies a certain time for this I’itikaaf in his vow,
then he must necessarily fulfil it in that time. If he does not, then
it will be done later as Qadhaa.
If he did not specify, then it can be done at any time.

Qadhaa I’itikaaf also falls under the Waajib category.

44
FEMALE I’ITIKAAF

* If a lady wishes to make I’itikaaf, she can choose an area or a

room in her house and sit for I’itikaaf in that area or room.
* Once she has selected an area, the same laws of a Masjid
I’itikaaf will apply; she cannot leave that area without a valid
reason, etc.
* She must not be in the state of Haidh or Nifaas.
* If the Haidh commences while she is in I’itikaaf, it will break.
If this does happen, she will observe Qadhaa of one day of
I’itikaaf after the Haidh stops. This can be done in Ramadhaan
or after Ramadhaan. If she makes the Qadhaa after Ramadhaan,
then she will also keep a Nafl fast on that day.
* She is allowed to fetch or cook her own food if there is no one
else to do it. She will return as soon as she is done.
* She will eat her meals at the chosen place of I’itikaaf.
* She requires the permission of her husband to sit for I’itikaaf.
It will not be valid without his permission.
* Although sexual intimacy and foreplay with the husband will
not nullify the I’itikaaf, it must be avoided. If it results in the
emission of semen, then the I’itikaaf will break.
* Sexual intercourse is prohibited and will break the I’itikaaf,
irrespective if there was emission of semen or not.

45
MISCELLANEOUS

* The I’itikaaf with the greatest reward is the I’itikaaf in

Masjidul Haraam in Makkah Mukarramah, thereafter Masjidun
Nabawi in Madinah Munawwarah and thereafter Masjidul Aqsa
in Jerusalem.

* Locally, the best is the Jumu’ah Masjid, then the Masjid of

one’s locality, then the Masjid with the largest congregation.

* Do not dirty the Masjid in any way, this is totally forbidden.

* Do not disturb or annoy anyone, especially when others are

resting or sleeping. If you wish to recite Qur’aan, Thikr, etc.
while others are resting, do so softly.

‫ـح َّم ٍد‬ ِ ِ

َ ‫َعال َع ٰل َخ ْ ِْي َخ ْلقه َس ِّيد َنا ُم‬
ٰ ‫َو َص َّل اهللُ ت‬

َ ْ ‫ـم ِع‬
، ‫ْي‬ ِ
َ ‫ّو َع ٰل ٰاله َو َص ْح ِبه َا ْج‬
، ‫ْي‬ ِ ‫اح‬
َ ْ ‫ـم‬ ِ ‫بِرحـمتِ َك يآ َارحم الر‬
َّ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ

46