Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ebook download (eBook PDF) Mathematics for Engineers 5th Edition all chapter
ebook download (eBook PDF) Mathematics for Engineers 5th Edition all chapter
http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-mathematics-for-
engineers-5th-edition-2/
http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-mathematics-for-
engineers-5th-edition-3/
http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-matlab-for-engineers-
global-edition-5th-edition/
http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-matlab-for-
engineers-5th-edition-by-holly-moore/
(eBook PDF) Introduction to Graphics Communications for
Engineers 5th Edition
http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-introduction-to-
graphics-communications-for-engineers-5th-edition/
http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-modern-physics-for-
scientists-and-engineers-5th-edition/
https://ebooksecure.com/download/statistics-for-engineers-and-
scientists-ebook-pdf/
https://ebooksecure.com/download/statistics-for-engineers-and-
scientists-ebook-pdf-2/
http://ebooksecure.com/product/mathematics-for-elementary-
teachers-with-activities-5th-edition-ebook-pdf/
CROFT AND ANTHONY CROFT AND ROBERT DAVISON
MATHEMATICS FOR ENGINEERS DAVISON
Fifth edition
MATHEMATICS
ENGINEERS
MATHEMATICS FOR
Understanding key mathematical concepts and applying them successfully to solve problems are vital skills
FOR ENGINEERS
that all engineering students must acquire. Mathematics for Engineers introduces, teaches, develops and
nurtures those skills. Practical, informal and accessible, it begins with the foundations and gradually builds
upon this knowledge as it introduces more complex concepts. Learn everything you will need for your first year
engineering mathematics course, together with a wealth of introductory material for even more advanced
topics such as Laplace and Fourier transforms and partial differential equations.
Key features
• Applications of mathematics are drawn from a wide range of engineering areas: aeronautical, automotive,
FIFTH EDITION
chemical, civil, computer, electrical and electronic, manufacturing, materials, mechanical, production,
reliability, and systems engineering.
• Hundreds of interactive examples are provided in the context of various engineering disciplines, so you
are able to both engage with the problems and also see the relevance of the maths to your wider studies.
• A wealth of practice and revision exercises with solutions help test your knowledge.
• Key points and important results are highlighted throughout.
• Computer and calculator examples and exercises are incorporated in relevant sections.
• Specimen examination papers give further opportunity to practise.
• A foundation section gives you a firm base in arithmetic, the building block of many high-level
mathematical topics.
Brief contents
Contents ix
Publisher’s acknowledgements xv
Preface xvi
Using mathematical software packages xx
1 Arithmetic 1
2 Fractions 18
3 Decimal numbers 35
5 Basic algebra 57
9 Trigonometry 335
A01_CROF5939_04_SE_A01.QXD 10/1/18 3:58 PM Page viii
14 Vectors 669
15 Differentiation 740
17 Integration 826
Contents
Publisher’s acknowledgements xv
Preface xvi
Using mathematical software packages xx
1 Arithmetic 1
Block 1 Operations on numbers 3
Block 2 Prime numbers and prime factorisation 10
End of chapter exercises 17
2 Fractions 18
Block 1 Introducing fractions 20
Block 2 Operations on fractions 25
End of chapter exercises 33
3 Decimal numbers 35
Block 1 Introduction to decimal numbers 37
Block 2 Significant figures 42
End of chapter exercises 43
x Contents
5 Basic algebra 57
Block 1 Mathematical notation and symbols 59
Block 2 Indices 72
Block 3 Simplification by collecting like terms 88
Block 4 Removing brackets 91
Block 5 Factorisation 99
Block 6 Arithmetic of algebraic fractions 106
Block 7 Formulae and transposition 119
End of chapter exercises 133
9 Trigonometry 335
Block 1 Angles 337
Block 2 The trigonometrical ratios 341
Block 3 The trigonometrical ratios in all quadrants 352
A01_CROF5939_04_SE_A01.QXD 10/1/18 3:58 PM Page xi
Contents xi
14 Vectors 669
Block 1 Basic concepts of vectors 671
Block 2 Cartesian components of vectors 685
A01_CROF5939_04_SE_A01.QXD 10/1/18 3:58 PM Page xii
xii Contents
15 Differentiation 740
Block 1 Interpretation of a derivative 742
Block 2 Using a table of derivatives 755
Block 3 Higher derivatives 764
End of chapter exercises 769
17 Integration 826
Block 1 Integration as differentiation in reverse 828
Block 2 Definite integrals 840
Block 3 The area bounded by a curve 847
Block 4 Computational approaches to integration 857
Block 5 Integration by parts 867
Block 6 Integration by substitution 874
Block 7 Integration using partial fractions 885
Block 8 Integration of trigonometrical functions 888
End of chapter exercises 892
Contents xiii
xiv Contents
Lecturer Resources
For password-protected online resources tailored to support
the use of this textbook in teaching, please visit
www.pearsoned.co.uk/croft
A01_CROF5939_04_SE_A01.QXD 11/9/18 2:57 PM Page xv
Publisher’s acknowledgements
Preface
Audience
This book has been written to serve the mathematical needs of students engaged in a
first course in engineering or technology at degree level. Students of a very wide
range of these programmes will find that the book contains the mathematical
methods they will meet in a first-year course in most UK universities. So the book
will satisfy the needs of students of aeronautical, automotive, chemical, civil,
electronic and electrical, systems, mechanical, manufacturing, and production
engineering, and other technological fields. Care has been taken to include illustra-
tive examples from these disciplines where appropriate.
Aims
There are two main aims of this book.
Firstly, we wish to provide a readable, accessible and student-friendly introduc-
tion to mathematics for engineers and technologists at degree level. Great care has
been taken with explanations of difficult concepts, and wherever possible statements
are made in everyday language, as well as symbolically. It is the use of symbolic
notation that seems to cause many students problems, and we hope that we have
gone a long way to alleviate such problems.
Secondly, we wish to develop in the reader the confidence and competence to
handle mathematical methods relevant to engineering and technology through an
interactive approach to learning. You will find that the book encourages you to take
an active part in the learning process – this is an essential ingredient in the learning
of mathematics.
A01_CROF5939_04_SE_A01.QXD 10/1/18 3:58 PM Page xvii
Preface xvii
Learning mathematics
In mathematics almost all early building blocks are required in advanced work. New
ideas are usually built upon existing ones. This means that, if some early topics are
not adequately mastered, difficulties are almost certain to arise later on. For example,
if you have not mastered the arithmetic of fractions, then you will find some aspects
of algebra confusing. Without a firm grasp of algebra you will not be able to perform
the techniques of calculus, and so on. It is therefore essential to try to master the full
range of topics in your mathematics course and to remedy deficiencies in your prior
knowledge.
Learning mathematics requires you to participate actively in the learning process.
This means that in order to get a sound understanding of any mathematical topic it is
essential that you actually perform the calculations yourself. You cannot learn math-
ematics by being a spectator. You must use your brain to solve the problem, and you
must write out the solution. These are essential parts of the learning process. It is not
sufficient to watch someone else solve a similar problem, or to read a solution in a
book, although these things of course can help. The test of real understanding and
skill is whether or not you can do the necessary work on your own.
xviii Preface
by the pencil icon. Make sure you have to hand scrap paper, pens or pencils and a
calculator. Interactive examples contain ‘empty boxes’ and ‘completed boxes’. An
empty box indicates that a calculation needs to be performed by you. The corres-
ponding completed box on the right of the page contains the calculation you should
have performed. When working through an interactive example, cover up the com-
pleted boxes, perform a calculation when prompted by an empty box, and then
compare your work with that contained in the completed box. Continue in this way
through the entire example. Interactive examples provide some help and structure
while also allowing you to test your understanding.
Sets of exercises are provided regularly throughout most blocks. Try these exer-
cises, always remembering to check your answers with those provided. Practice
enhances understanding, reinforces the techniques, and aids memory. Carrying out a
large number of exercises allows you to experience a greater variety of problems,
thus building your expertise and developing confidence.
Content
The content of the book reflects that taught to first-year engineering and technology
students in the majority of UK universities. However, particular care has been taken
to develop algebraic skills from first principles and to give students plenty of oppor-
tunity to practise using these. It is our firm belief, based on recent experience of
teaching engineering undergraduates, that many will benefit from this material
because they have had insufficient opportunity in their previous mathematical edu-
cation to develop such skills fully. Inevitably the choice of contents is a compro-
mise, but the topics covered were chosen after wide consultation coupled with
many years of teaching experience. Given the constraint of space we believe our
choice is optimal.
Preface xix
One of the main developments influencing the learning and teaching of engineering
mathematics in recent years has been the widespread availability of sophisticated
computer software and its adoption by many educational institutions.
As engineering students, you will meet a range of software in your studies. It is
also highly likely that you will have access to specialist mathematical software.
Two software packages that are particularly useful for engineering mathematics,
and which are referred to on occasions throughout this book, are Matlab and Maple.
There are others, and you should enquire about the packages that have been made
available for your use. A number of these packages come with specialist tools for
subjects such as control theory and signal processing, so you will find them useful in
other subjects that you study.
Common features of all these packages include:
• the facility to plot two- and three-dimensional graphs;
• the facility to perform calculations with symbols (e.g. a2, x + y, as opposed to
just numbers) including the solution of equations.
In addition, some packages allow you to write computer programs of your own that
build upon existing functionality, and enable the experienced user to create powerful
tools for the solution of engineering problems.
The facility to work with symbols, as opposed to just numbers, means that these
packages are often referred to as computer algebra systems or symbolic processors.
You will be able to enter mathematical expressions, such as (x + 2)(x - 3) or
t - 6
2
, and subject them to all of the common mathematical operations:
t + 2t + 1
simplification, factorisation, differentiation, integration, and much more. You will be
able to perform calculations with vectors and matrices. With experience you will
find that lengthy, laborious work can be performed at the click of a button.
A01_CROF5939_04_SE_A01.QXD 10/1/18 3:58 PM Page xxi
The particular form in which a mathematical problem is entered – that is, the
syntax – varies from package to package. Raising to a power is usually performed
using the symbol ^. Some packages are menu driven, meaning that you can often
select symbols from a menu or toolbar. At various places in the text we have pro-
vided examples of this for illustrative purposes. This textbook is not intended to be a
manual for any of the packages described. For thorough details you will need to refer
to the manual provided with your software or its on-line help.
At first sight you might be tempted to think that the availability of such a package
removes the need for you to become fluent in algebraic manipulation and other
mathematical techniques. We believe that the converse of this is true. These pack-
ages are sophisticated, professional tools and as such require the user to have a good
understanding of the functions they perform, and particularly their limitations. Fur-
thermore, the results provided by the packages can be presented in a variety of forms
(as you will see later in the book), and only with a thorough understanding of the
mathematics will you be able to appreciate different, yet correct, equivalent forms,
and distinguish these from incorrect output.
Figure 1 shows a screenshot from Maple in which we have defined the function
f (x) = x2 + 3x - 2 and plotted part of its graph. Note that Maple requires the
following particular syntax to define the function: f: = x : x 2 + 3x - 2. The
quantity x2 is input as x^2.
Finally, Figure 2 shows a screenshot from the package Matlab. Here the package
is being used to obtain a three-dimensional plot of the surface z = sin(x2 + y2) as
described in Chapter 21. Observe the requirement of Matlab to input x2 as x # ^2.
Figure 1
A screenshot from
Maple showing
the package being
used to define
the function
f (x) = x2 + 3x - 2
and plot its graph.
A01_CROF5939_04_SE_A01.QXD 10/1/18 3:58 PM Page xxii
Figure 2
A screenshot from
Matlab showing the
package being used
to plot a three-
dimensional graph.
The following commands are indicative only and should be read in conjuction with the software’s on-line help and the examples found later
in the book.
Purpose Maple example Matlab example Page
integer, n, is prime
an integer, n
(1+3*I)/(2-I) (1+3*j)/(2-j)
(Continued)
Purpose Maple example Matlab example Page
Officers
Other Ranks
Bamber, Sgt. F., D.C.M., M.S.M.
Fleetwood, Sgt. A., D.C.M.
Green, Sgt. J. W., D.C.M., M.M.
Hand, Sgt. A., D.C.M.
Heasman, L.-Cpl. A., D.C.M.
Holbrook, Sgt. J., D.C.M.
Horsfield, Sgt. J., D.C.M., M.M.
King, Cpl. A. W., D.C.M.
Lockett, Cpl. S., D.C.M.
Mather, Sgt., D.C.M.
McHugh, Co. Sgt.-Mjr., D.C.M.
Mort, L.-Sgt. W., D.C.M.
Quinn, Pte. J., D.C.M.
Richardson, Pte. M., D.C.M.
Tabbron, Co. Sgt.-Mjr., D.C.M., M.M.
White, Cpl. F., D.C.M.
Wood, Cpl. T., D.C.M.
Greer, Pte. A., M.M. and Bar.
Heath, Sgt. F., M.M. and Bar.
McHugh, Co. Sgt.-Mjr., M.M. and Bar.
Twist, L.-Cpl. T., M.M. and Bar.
Aldred, L.-Sgt. J., M.M.
Bailey, Pte. S., M.M.
Banahan, Sgt. J., M.M.
Booker, L.-Cpl. F. W., M.M.
Botham, Pte. W. E., M.M.
Bowman, Pte. J., M.M.
Boydell, Pte. J., M.M.
Bradshaw, Pte. W., M.M.
Braithwaite, Pte. T., M.M.
Broughton, Cpl. A., M.M.
Coffey, Sgt. W., M.M.
Collinge, Pte. H., M.M.
Conrey, Pte. R. E., M.M.
Craven, L.-Cpl. A., M.M.
Daley, Sgt. W., M.M.
Davies, Pte. W. T., M.M.
Dearden, Pte. R., M.M.
Downs, Pte. A., M.M.
Eastwood, Cpl. W., M.M.
Edwards, Pte. R., M.M.
Fidler, Sgt. W., M.M.
Gammond, Sgt. T. A., M.M.
Gregory, Cpl. B., M.M.
Hadfield, Sgt. A., M.M.
Halfhide, Pte. C., M.M.
Hayhurst, Pte., M.M.
Hyde, L.-Cpl. L., M.M.
Jackson, L.-Cpl. E., M.M.
Jennions, Pte. H., M.M.
Jolly, Sgt. J., M.M.
Joyce, Co. Sgt.-Mjr., M.M.
Latham, Pte. H., M.M.
Livesley, Sgt. J. L., M.M.
Lynn, Sgt. H., M.M.
Lyons, Pte. C., M.M.
Maguire, Cpl. A., M.M.
McClean, Pte. T., M.M.
Moore, Pte. T. C., M.M.
Morris, L.-Cpl. G., M.M.
Mottram, L.-Sgt. G., M.M.
Mullin, Pte. C., M.M.
Parker, Sgt. G., M.M.
Parkin, Pte. I., M.M.
Pickering, Pte. W., M.M.
Reeves, Pte. E., M.M.
Riley, Pte. J. G., M.M.
Riley, Sgt. R., M.M.
Rotham, Pte. J., M.M.
Rourke, Pte. A., M.M.
Sanderson, Pte. G., M.M.
Shaughnessy, Pte., M.M.
Standring, Cpl. W., M.M.
Stubbard, Pte. R., M.M.
Thorpe, Sgt. H., M.M.
Titchener, Pte. E., M.M.
Titterington, L.-Sgt. H. L., M.M.
Walsh, Pte. J., M.M.
Walton, Pte. F. G., M.M.
Warrington, Pte. W., M.M.
Whiskin, Pte. A., M.M.
Wilkinson, Pte. H., M.M.
Wilkinson, Pte. J., M.M.
Willmer, Pte. R., M.M.
Anlezark, R. Sgt.-Mjr. W., M.S.M.
Clavering, Sgt. H., M.S.M.
Ogden, R.Q.M.S., M.S.M.
Shields, Co. Sgt.-Mjr. J., M.S.M.
Horsfield, Sgt. J. (F.).
Joyce, Co. Sgt.-Mjr. (F.).
Officers
Other Ranks
Other Ranks
Other Ranks
Other Ranks
Other Ranks
A.D.C. 1.
Captain H. T. Cawley, M.P.
Lieut. Hon. A. Douglas Pennant.
Captain R. P. Hornby, M.C.
Lieut. Hon. J. St. J. B. Saumarez.
Captain J. Cator.
A.D.C. 2.
Lieut. J. W. L. Fry.
Captain J. Marshall.
Lieut. G. Lewis.
Captain J. R. Tylden.
Major R. Stirling.
G.S.O. 1.
Lt.-Col. A. W. Tufnell, C.M.G.
Lt.-Col. A. Crookenden, D.S.O.
Major B. C. Battye, D.S.O.
Lt.-Col. B. J. Curling, D.S.O.
Lt.-Col. R. F. Guy, C.M.G., D.S.O.
G.S.O. 2.
Lt.-Col. F. A. Earle.
Captain R. S. Allen, D.S.O.
Captain W. H. Diggle, D.S.O., M.C.
Major A. E. Pery-Knox-Gore, O.B.E.
Major Hon. E. C. Pery, D.S.O.
Major J. G. W. Clark, M.C.
Major G. E. Tallents, D.S.O.
G.S.O. 3.
Captain S. H. Kershaw, D.S.O.
Captain J. I. Benson, M.C.
Captain Hon. E. C. Pery, D.S.O.
Captain E. C. B. Kirsopp, M.C.
Intelligence Officer.
Lieut. G. F. Doble, M.C.
D.A.Q.M.G.
Major G. F. T. Leather.
Major R. J. Slaughter, C.M.G., D.S.O.
Major T. R. P. Warren, C.B.E.
Captain M. F. Hammond Smith, M.C.
Major J. M. Young, D.S.O.
A.D.M.S.
Col. J. Bentley Mann, T.D.
Col. T. P. Jones, C.B., C.M.G.
Col. W. R. Matthews, D.S.O., T.D.
D.A.D.M.S.
Lt.-Col. G. T. Rawnsley, C.B., C.M.G.
Major C. M. Drew.
Major G. Dalziel, M.C.
Senior Chaplain.
C. of E. Rev. D. Fletcher.
Non C. of E. Rev. S. Jones.
D.A.D.V.S.
Lt.-Col. T. Marriott.
Major J. Gillies.
Major G. W. Godwin.
Major J. A. Connell, T.D.
D.A.D.O.S.
Major O. R. E. Milman, D.S.O.
Captain H. W. S. Whitehouse.
Major F. T. Potter, O.B.E., M.C.
COMMANDING OFFICERS