Structural Optimization I Assignment 6 - Solution Page 1

Assignment 6 – possible solution

Assignment 6.1
Consider the multi objective optimization problem:

f1 x1 , x 2   x1  4   x 2  4 
2 2
 min
f 2 x1 , x 2   2 x1  x 2  min

s.t. x1  0 and x 2  0

a) Determine the individual minima.

b) Transform the feasible domain from the space of optimization variables into the space of
objective functions.
c) Sketch the feasible domain in both spaces.
d) Determine the Pareto optimal set and sketch it in both spaces.
e) Determine the min-max optimum and sketch it in both spaces. Is it a constrained solution?

Solution:
4 0
a) 𝑓 : 𝑥 ∗ = ; 𝑓 : 𝑥∗ =
4 0
b) c) d)

contour lines f2
x2

contour lines f1

10· discrete
·13 Pareto set
·9
·5 ·4 ·2 ·1 0 assumed
continuous
·a Pareto front

·b
feasible

·18

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x1

Lehrstuhl für Statik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kai-Uwe Bletzinger TU München

Structural Optimization I Assignment 6 - Solution Page 2

f1: f2:
x2
x1 = 0 1
6 13 8 5 4 5 8
x2(f2 = 1) 1 -1
5 10 5 2 1 2 5
x2(f2 = 2) 2 0
4 9 4 1 0 1 4
x2(f2 = 3) 3 1
3 10 5 2 1 2 5
x2(f2 = 4) 4 2
2 13 8 5 4 5 8
x2(f2 = 5) 5 3
1 18 13 10 9 10 13
x2(f2 = 6) 6 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 x1

f2

graphical min. max. optimum

8

6 7

Pareto front
5

3 4

feasible
f1

Lehrstuhl für Statik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kai-Uwe Bletzinger TU München

Structural Optimization I Assignment 6 - Solution Page 3

x1 x2 f1 f2 Nmb Assumption:
0 32 0 1 points 2, 5, 6 and 9 are on the Pareto front

0 2 20 2 2
graphical min. max. optimum of f1 = f2 = 6.5
4 16 4 3

0 20 4 4

2 2 8 6 5

4 4 8 6

0 16 8 7

4 2 4 10 8

4 0 12 9

e) graphical min. max. optimum of f1 = f2 = 6.5

→ 𝐈 6.5 = (𝑥 − 4) +(𝑥 − 4)
𝐈𝐈 6.5 = 2𝑥 + 𝑥

𝐈𝐈‘ : 𝑥 = 6.5 − 2𝑥
𝐈𝐈‘ in 𝐈 : 6.5 = 𝑥 − 8𝑥 + 16 + 6.5 − 2𝑥 − 8 6.5 − 2𝑥 + 16
→ 0 = 5𝑥 − 18𝑥 + 15.75
0 = 𝑥 − 3.6𝑥 + 3.15

, . ( . )
𝑥 = ± − 3.15

→ 𝑥 = 2.1 𝑥 = 2.3
𝑥 = 1.5 𝑥 = 3.5

→ point a & b in parameter space

Lehrstuhl für Statik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kai-Uwe Bletzinger TU München

Structural Optimization I Assignment 6 - Solution Page 4

Assignment 6.2
Use Excel to solve the three-bar truss problem.
a) for minimum weight
b) for minimum strain energy (i.e., maximum stiffness)
c) Set up the multi objective optimization problem, determine the feasible domain in the space of
objective functions and determine the functional efficient edge (Pareto optimal set of solutions).
d) Suggest a final choice from the set of Pareto optimal solutions.

a) & b) see Excel-file about single-objective optimization (formulas for the three-bar-truss problem
may be obtained from the script)

c) see Excel-file about multi-objective optimization (formulas for the three-bar-truss problem may
be obtained from the script)
Search for Pareto set:
Investigate A1 ∊ [0.59; 0.67]
A2 ∊ [0.94;3.32]

Lehrstuhl für Statik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kai-Uwe Bletzinger TU München

Structural Optimization I Assignment 6 - Solution Page 5

d)

f1 = 3.9 A ≈ 0.60
➝ 1
f2 = 12.9 A2 ≈ 2.23

min-max
optimum
●

●
f2* ideal
optimum

f1*

Lehrstuhl für Statik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kai-Uwe Bletzinger TU München