Assignment DBS -203 Business Research Methodology (Group-8)

Group Members
1.Htun Lin Naing -Leader
2.Thae Ei Ei San -Co-leader
3.Yoon Le Swe
4.Yadanar Htay San
5.Htaw Yin Min
6.Soe Thandar Aung
7.Su Yee Win

Exam Review Question for Chapter 1-4

1. Which type of statistic (descriptive ,inferential) is each of the following?

a.Estimating the default rate on all U.S, mortgages form a random sample of 500
loans.
b.Reporting the percent of students in your statistics class who use Verizon.
c.Using a sample of 50 iphone to predict the average battery life in typical usage.
Answer - a.Estimating the default rate on all U.S, mortgages form a random sample
of 500 loans.

2. Which is not an ethical obligation of statistician ? Explain.

a.To know and follow accepted procedures.
b.To ensure data integrity and accurate calculations.
c.To support client wishes in drawing conclusions from the data.
Answer - c. To support client wishes in drawing conclusions from the data: This is
the option that is not an ethical obligation of a statistician. While it is important for
statisticians to collaborate with clients and understand their goals and needs, the
primary ethical duty of a statistician is to provide objective and unbiased analyses of
the data. Statisticians should not compromise the integrity of their work to support a
client's preconceived conclusions or wishes if those conclusions are not supported by
the data.

3. “Driving without a seat belt is not risky. I’ve done it for 25 years without an
accident”.This bast illustrates which fallacy?
a.Unconscious bias.
b.Conclusion form a small sample.
c.Post hoc reasoning.
Answer - b.Conclusion form a small sample.
4. Which data type (categorical, numerical) is each of the following?
a.Your current credit card balance.
b.Your collage major.
c.Your car’s odometer mileage reading today.
Answer - a. Your current credit card balance: Numerical. This is a quantitative
value that represents the amount of money you owe on your credit card, and it can be
expressed as a specific number.
b. Your college major: Categorical. College majors are typically categorical data
because they represent distinct categories or labels that individuals choose to pursue in
their education. Examples of college majors include "Computer Science," "History,"
or "Psychology."
c. Your car's odometer mileage reading today: Numerical. This is a numerical value
that represents the distance your car has traveled, typically measured in miles or
kilometers. It is a quantitative measurement and can be expressed as a specific
number.

5. Give the type of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) for each variable.
a.Length of time required for a randomly-chosen vehicle to cross a toll bridge.
b.Student’s ranking of five cell phone service providers.
c.The type of charge card used by a customer (Visa, MasterCard, AmEx, Other).
Answer - a . Type of Measurement: Ratio
b . Type of Measurement: Ordinal
c . Type of Measurement: Nominal

6. Tell if each variable is continuous or discrete.

a.Tonnage carried by an oil tanker at sea.
b.Wind velocity at 7 o’clock this morning.
c.Number of text messages you received yesterday.
Answer - a. Tonnage carried by an oil tanker at sea:
Continuous This variable can take on any value within a certain range, and it can be
measured with a high level of precision, so it is considered a continuous variable.
b. Wind velocity at 7 o’clock this morning:
Continuous Wind velocity can vary continuously and be measured with precision, so it
is considered a continuous variable.
c. Number of text messages you received yesterday:
Discrete The number of text messages is a countable quantity that takes on whole
number values. It cannot take on fractions or decimals, so it is considered a discrete
variable.

7. To choose a sample of 12 students from a statistics class of 36 students ,which type of

sample (simple random, systematic, cluster, convenience) is each of these?
a.Picking every student who was wearing blue that day.
b.Using Excel’s = RANDBETWEEN(1,36) to choose students form the class list.
c.Selecting every 3rd student starting from a randomly- chosen position.
Answer - a.Picking every student who was wearing blue that day.
Type of Sample: Convenience Sample
 b.Using Excel’s = RANDBETWEEN(1,36) to choose students form the
class list. Type of Sample: Simple Random Sample
c.Selecting every 3rd student starting from a randomly- chosen position.
Type of Sample: Systematic Sample

8. Which of the following is not a reason for sampling? Explain.

a.The destructive nature of some tests.
b.High cost of studying the entire population.
c.The expense of obtaining random numbers.
Answer - c.The expense of obtaining random numbers.
This statement is not a typical reason for sampling. In sampling, the focus is on
selecting a representative subset of the population, and obtaining random numbers is
just one method to achieve randomness in the selection process. Random sampling is
often used to ensure that the selected sample is unbiased and representative of the
larger population. However, the cost of obtaining random numbers is not a primary
reason for using sampling. So, option c is not a valid reason for sampling, as obtaining
random numbers is generally not a costly or prohibitive aspect of the sampling
process.

9. Which statement is correct? Why not the other?

a.Likert scales are interval if scale distances are meaningful.
b.Cross- sectional data are measured over time.
c.A census is always preferable to a sample.
Answer - a.Likert scales are interval if scale distances are meaningful.
Answer b & C are also incorrect.In practice, the choice between a census
and a sample depends on the specific research goals, available resources, and the level
of precision required. Sampling is a common and valid approach used in research and
survey methodology.

10. Which statement is false? Explain.

a.Sampling error can be reduced by using.
b.Selection bias means that respondents are not typical of the target population.
c.Simple random sampling requires a list of the population.
Answer - c.Simple random sampling requires a list of the population.
This statement is false. Simple random sampling does not necessarily require a list of
the entire population. In simple random sampling, each member of the population has
an equal chance of being selected, and this can be achieved without having a complete
list of the population. It can be done using random number generators or other
randomization methods without needing a comprehensive list. However, having a list
of the population can make the sampling process more convenient and practical, but
it's not a strict requirement for simple random sampling.