for personnel protection -

lockout/tagout of energy sources -

minimum safety requirements

COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute

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 A N S I 2 2 4 4 . 1 82 0 7 2 4 1 5 0 002557Li 7 W

ANSI 63
2244.1- 1982

American National Standard

for Personnel Protection -
Lockout/Tagout of Energy Sources -
Minimum Safety Requirements

Secretariat
National Safety Council

Approved March 8, 1982

American National Standards Institute, Inc

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A N S I Z 2 ' i ' i * L A2 W 072'4350 0 0 2 5 5 7 5 O
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An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its
American scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manu-
National facturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Stan-
dard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standard or not,
Standard from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not
conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review and
users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions.
The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circum-
stances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall
have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the
name of the American National Standards Institute.
CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any
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taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date
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on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute.

Published by

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Copyright O 1982 by American National Standards Institute, Inc

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AaMaaali

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I A N S I Z 2 Y Y - L 8 2 W 072YL50 0 0 2 5 5 7 6 2 M

I
I Foreword (This Foreword is not a part of American National Standard 2244.1-1982.)

This standard was developed by an American National Standards Committee, national in scope,
functioning under the procedure of the American National Standards Institute with the National
Safety Council as Secretariat. This standard establishes minimum requirements for the lockout/
tagout of energy sources that could cause injury to personnel.
It is hoped that the procedures and performance requirements detailed herein will be adopted
by every employer whose operations fall within the scope and purpose of the standard.
Neither the standards committee, nor the sponsor, feel that this standard is perfect or in its
ultimate form. It is recognized that new developments are to be expected, and that revisions of
the standard will be necessary as the art progresses and further experience is gained. It is felt,
however, that uniform requirements are very much needed and that the standard in its present
form provides for the minimum performance requirements necessary in developing and imple-
menting a lockout/tagout procedure for the protection of employees.
Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the
American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018.
This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by American National Stan-
dards Committee on Lockout Protection 2244. Committee approval of the standard does not
necessarily imply that committee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved this
standard, the 2244 Committee had the following members:

Frank J. Rapp, Chairman

G. P. Lang, Vice-chairman
Allen W.Carpenter, Secretary

Organization Represented Name of Representative

Aerospace Industries Association of America ....................... J. L. Henley
Daniel Nauer (Alt)
AllianceofAmericanInsurers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T.F.Bresnahan
The Aluminum Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. B. Stewart
American Institute of Chemical Engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. A. Vaillancourt
American Insurance Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Edward Charkey
Joseph Gillian (Alt)
American Iron and Steel Institute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R. L. Brannaman
American Petroleum Institute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert J. Cordes
F. B. Kiilmar (Alt)
Eastman Kodak Company .................................. Gray Powell
Leonard S . Corey (Alt)
Edison Electric Institute ................................... E. D. Henschell
C. R. Chapin (Alt)
W. J. Hanes (Alt)
R. B. Staib (Alt)
General Electric Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eugene J. Komlosi
Industrial Union, United Auto Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frank J. Rapp
Barrie E. Brooks (Alt)
1
i
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. .................. James H. Beall
Walter H. McKinnon (Alt)
W. James Weston (Alt)
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, AFL-CIO . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Paul R. Schoop
Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W. L. VanTifflin
E. W. Entwhistle (Alt)
Lawrence E. Slim& (Alt)
National Electrical Manufacturers Association ...................... R. E. Smith
J. Rice (Alt)
S . H. Telander (Alt)
National Fire Protection Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Representation Vacant)
National Fluid Power Association. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . James C. White
John F. Berninger (Alt)
National Machine Tool Builders Association. ....................... George E. Hecox
William Atkinson, Jr (Alt)

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A N S I 2244.3 82 M 0724350 0025577 4 M

Organization Represented Name of Representative

National Safety Council ................................... Theodore M. Wire
Ailen IV. Carpenter (Alt)
Osborn Manufacturing Corporation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steve LeCount
Printing industries of America, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W.H. Rouse
J. E. Vandeman (Alt)
Reynolds Electrical & Engineering Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quinton W.Goode
Ross Operating Valve Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ted Kokubo
U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. E. Pipkin (nonvoting observer)
J. L. Scully (nonvoting observer) (Alt)
Western Wood Products Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jerry Fields
K.L. Patrick (Alt)
Independent Experts
John H. Capps
J. J. Geddings
D. S. Gibson
Edward V. Grund
G. P.Lang

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 A N S I Z244*3 82 0724350 0025578 b

Contents SECTION
PAGE

1. Scope. Purpose. and Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2 . Defuitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3. Lockout/Tagout Policy and Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.2 Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.3 Communication and Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.4 Minimum Requirements for Lockout/Tagout Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4 . Minimum Requirements for Lockout/Tagout Procedure . Preplanning . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.1 Survey of Energy Sources and Related Exposures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2 Identification of Energy Isolating Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.3 Selection and Procurement of Protective Materials and Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.4 Assignment of Duties and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.5 Preparation of De-energization and Start-up Sequence(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5 . Implementation of Lockout/Tagout Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.1 Preparation for Lockout/Tagout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.2 Application of Lockout/Tagout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.3 Release from Lockout/Tagout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6 . Special Lockout/Tagout Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.1 Lockout/Tagout Interruption (Testing of Energized Equipment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.2 Equipment Design and Performance Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.3 Exposure of Outside Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 .
6.4 Multiple Personnel Protection (Group Lockout/Tagout) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.5 Coordination (ShiftlSchedule Change) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.6 Authorization for Lockout/Tagout Application and Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.7 Work on Energized Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.8 Production Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Illustrations
Illustration 1 Lockout/Tagout Procedure for Electrical Energy Source . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Illustration 2 Lockout/Tagout Procedure for Hydraulic-Pneumatic
Energy Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Appendix Sample Lockout Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

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A N S I Z244-L 82 0724150 0025579 8

ExplanationAmerican National Standard 2244.1-1982 uses a two-column format to provide both specific
Of
Format
requirements and supporting information.
Standard The left column, designated “Standard Requirements,” is confined solely to these requirements
and is printed in bold type. Where supporting photographs or sketches are required, they are
e
designated as “figures.” l
1
The right column, designated “Explanatory Information,” contains only information that is
intended to clarify the standard. This column is not a part of the standard. Where supplemen-
tary photographs or sketches are required, they are designated as “illustrations.”
Operating rules (safe practices) are not included in either column unless they are of such a
I
nature as to be vital safety requirements, equal in weight to other requirements, or guides to !
assist in compliance with the standard. I
’i

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 A N S I 2 2 4 4 . 1 82 m 0724350 0025580 4 m

American National Standard

for Personnel Protection -
Lockout/Tagout of Energy Sources -
Minimum Safety Requirements

STANDARD REQUIREMENTS EXPLANATORY INFORMATION

(Not part of American National Standard 2244.1-
1982.)

1. Scope, Purpose, and Application

Z.1 Scope. This standard establishes minimum require-
ments for lockout/tagout of energy sources that could
cause injury to personnel.
Z.2 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to estab-
lish performance objectives for procedures for the pro-
tection of personnel in, on, or around machines or
equipment during repair, maintenance, operation, and
associated activities, from injury due to unexpected
energization, start-up, or release of stored energy from
the equipment/process. The purpose is accomplished
by affixing appropriate lockout/tagout devices to the
energy isolating devices of the machine or equipment/
process according to specific procedures.
This standard acknowledges that there are existing
standards and procedures that address specific aspects
of lockoiit/tagout for particular industries and areas of
operation. This standard is a performance standard and,
as such, is not intended to replace existing specific
standards and procedures, but rather to support those
that meet the performance objectives defined in this
standard.
Z.3 Application. The requirements of this standard E1.3 Application. This standard is intended to apply
apply to all situations where the unexpected energiza- to activities such as, but not limited to: erecting, in-
tion, start up, or release of stored energy of the equip- stalling, constructing, repairing, adjusting, inspecting,
ment/process, would be likely to endanger personnel. operating, and maintaining the equipment/process.
(See 6.8 for clarification of operating conditions.) This
standard is intended to apply to energy sources such as,
but not limited to: electrical, mechanical, hydraulic,
pneumatic, chemical, nuclear, and thermal.

2. Definitions

lockoutltagout. The placement of a lock/tag on the

energy isolating device in accordance with an estab-

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 ANSI 2 2 4 4 . 1 8 2 m 0724150 0 0 2 5 5 8 1 b m

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 2244.1-1982

lished procedure, indicating that the energy isolating

device shall not be operated until removal of the lock/
tag in accordance with an established procedure. (The
term “lockout/tagout” allows the use of a lockout de-
vice, a tagout device, or a combination of both.)
lockout device. A device that utilizes a lock and key
to hold an energy isolating device in the safe position
for the purpose of protecting personnel.
tagout device. A prominent warning device that is
capable of being securely attached and that, for the
purpose of protecting personnel, forbids the operation
of an energy isolating device and identifies the applier
or authority who has control of the procedure.
energy source. Any electrical, mechanical, hydraulic,
pneumatic, chemical, nuclear, thermal, or other energy
source that could cause injury to personnel.
energy isolating device. A physical device that prevents
the transmission or release of energy, including, but not
limited to, the following: a manually operated electrical
circuit breaker, a disconnect switch, a manually oper-
ated switch, a slide gate, a slip biind, a line valve, blocks,
and similar devices with a visible indication of the posi-
tion of the device. (Push buttons, selector switches, and
other control-circuit type devices are not energy iso-
lating devices.)
knowledgeable individual. One who knows the effect of
operating the controls or equipment.
authorized individual, A knowledgeable individual to
whom the authority and responsibility to perform a
specific assignment has been given by an employer.
affected employee. A person whose job includes activi-
ties such as erecting, installing, constructing, repairing,
adjusting, inspecting, operating, or maintaining the
equipment/process.
slash (1). A slash (I)denotes “and/or” and indicates that
two words or expressions, such as lockout/tagout or
equipment/process, are to be taken together or individ-
ually.
shall. The word “shall” denotes a mandatory require-
ment,
should. The word “should” denotes an advisory recom-
mendation.

3. Lockout/Tagout Policy and Procedure

3.1 General. It shall be the responsibility of each em-
ployer whose employees are engaged in erecting, in-
stalling, constructing, repairing, adjusting, inspecting,
8
E3.1 General. The preferred use of locks or tags varies
considerably from industry to industry and location to
location. Where a specific facility for application of a
O

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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 2244.1-1982

operating, or maintaining the equipment/process, to
develop, document, and implement a policy and pro-
cedure for lockout/tagout. The policy and procedure
shall clearly and specifically outline purpose, respon-
sibility, scope, authorization, rules, definitions, and
measures to enforce Compliance.
3.1.I Policy. The lockout/tagout policy shall re-
quire all personnel to comply with the lockout/tagout
procedure.
3.1.2 Procedure. The lockout/tagout procedure
shall specify that prior to the performance of any of
the activities listed in 3.1 where unexpected energiza-
tion, start up, or release of stored energy could occur
and cause injury, all potentially hazardous energy
sources shall be isolated and locked/tagged out. The
procedure shall also specify the requirements for re-
moval of such devices, transfer of locks/tags or respon-
’ sibility for them, and testing for detemination of lock-
out/tagout effectiveness.
3.1.3 Use. Locksltags shall be provided by the em-
ployer and shall be the only authorized device(s) used
for the lockout/tagout of energy sources. They shall be
singularly identified and specifically approved for lock-
ou t/tagou t.
3.2 Responsibilities
3.2.I Authority. Compliance with this standard
shall be the responsibility of the employer and the indi-
vidual(s) to whom the employer delegates accountabil-
ity for compliance and authority to enforce compliance.
3.2.2 Periodic Inspections. It shall be the responsi-
biiity of the employer to verify, through periodic in-
spections, the organization’s compliance with this stan-
dard.
3.2.3 Joint Responsibility. The responsibility for
obtaining performance in the lockout/tagout procedures
shall be joint between the employer and the employee.
The responsibility for compliance is that of the em-
ployer, who shaii establish, communicate, train in use,
and enforce procedures. The employee shall be responsi-
ble for knowing and following the established procedures.
3.3 Communication and Training
3.3,I Ali Employees. All employees shall be specifi-
cally notified of the requirements for compliance with
lock is available and the lock can be readily applied,
many industries choose to use a lockout procedure as
the acceptable means for protection of the employee.
On the other hand, in industries where the use of tags
has been well established and accepted as a recognized
prohibitive to the operation of energy isolating devices,
a tagout procedure has proven by experience to be
equal in protection to a lockout procedure. This is par-
ticularly the case in industries where complex, inte-
grated systems are the norm. Careful consideration
should be given to the selection of a lockout or a tag-
out procedure or a combination of both in cases where
existing procedures are not already in existence and
well accepted as recognized prohibitives to the opera-
tion of energy isolating devices.
E3.1.2 Procedure, Potentially hazardous energy
sources are those that could affect personnel in, on, or
around a process/equipment that is to be locked/tagged
out. A sample lockout procedure is given in the Appen-
dix ofthis standard. It may be used as a guide for devel-
oping a specific lockout/tagout procedure for compli-
ance with this standard. Where complexity so indicates,
a more comprehensive procedure should be developed
and implemented. Illustrations 1 and 2, respectively,
show lockout/tagout procedures for electrical and hy-
draulic-pneumatic energy sources.
E3.1.3 Use. Where a tag is attached to the energy
isolating device for compliance with the standard, a
universal company lock may also be used when re-
quired for security or any other purpose.
E3.2.2 Periodic Inspections. These inspections
should include random audit and planned visual obser-
vation of compliance with lockout/tagout procedures.

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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 2244.1-1982

10

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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 2244.1-1982

"\/c---

11

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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 2244.1-1982

the employer's policy and specifically made aware of

the lockout/tagout procedure.
3.3.2 Affected Employees. The employer shall en-
sure that each affected employee is instructed in the
purpose and use of the lockout/tagout procedure.
3.3.3 Authorized Individuals. All authorized indi-
viduals shall receive training in recognition of the appli-
cable hazardous energy sources and in adequate meth-
ods and means for their isolation.
3.4 Minimum Requirements for Lockoutf Tagout De-
vices. The lockout/tagout devices used for compliance
with this standard shall be:
(1) Durable. Capable of withstanding the environ-
ment to which they are exposed for the maximum
period of time that exposure is expected.
(2) Unique. Distinctive, easily recognizable, clearly
visible.
(3) Standardized. Standard in one or more of the E3.4(3) Standardized. Parti cular atten tion should
following criteria: color, shape, size, types, or format. be paid to the determination of the shape and color of
the tag so as to make it distinct in design. The size of
the tag should be adequate so that it is not easily over-
looked or misplaced. Many tags in present use are at
least 3 in X 6 in. Information on the tag should be in
positive direct format leaving no doubt as to interpre-
tation.
(4) Substantial.
(a) Locks. Of such durability and key code com-
plexity that removal by any means, other than the regu-
lar key, would require excessive force or unusual tech-
niques such as metal cutting tools.
(b) Tags and attachment mechanisms. Of such
design that the probability of accidental removal is
minimized.
( 5 ) Identifiable. Including provision for identifica-
tion of the person or persons authorizing the applica-
tion of or applying the device.

4. Minimum Requirements for Lockout/Tag-

out Procedure - Preplanning

The following considerations shall be observed in the

establishment of an effective lockout/tagout procedure:
4.I Survey of Energy Sources and Related Exposures.
An initial survey shall be made to identify all energy
sources and related exposures to determine if machines,
equipment and systems can be isolated.
E4.1 Survey of Energy Sources and Related Exposures
A preliminary survey is recommended to determine if
adequate and practically located isolation devices are
available for positive protection. Physical inspection
coupled with the use of drawings, prints, and equip-
ment manuals will assist in the detection of system
controI limitations and will be necessary for the pre-
paration of detailed de-energization and start-up proce-
dures. The survey should locate and identify all energy

12

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 ANSI 2 2 4 4 . 3 8 2 W 0 7 2 4 3 5 0 0 0 2 5 5 8 6 5
4.2 Identification of Energy Isolating Devices. All
energy isolating devices shali be adequately labeled or
marked to indicate their function, unless they are lo-
cated and arranged so their purpose is evident. The
identification shall include the following:
(1) Equipment supplied
(2) Energy type and magnitude
4.3 Selection arid Procurement of Protective Materials
and Hardware. The requirements for tags, chains, locks,
adapters, pins, and the like should be ascertained and
an adequate supply be maintained, distributed, or as-
signed as needs dictate. Lockout/tagout devices shall
be of a distinctive design and appearance and be used
solely for the purpose of providing personnel protec-
tion.
4.4 Assignment of Duties and Responsibilities. Only
knowledgeable individuals shall prescribe the appro-
priate duties and responsibilities relating to the actual
details of effecting the lockout/tagout. Energy isolating
devices shall be operated only by authorized individuals
or under the direct supervision of authorized individuals.
4.5 Preparation of De-eìiergization and Start-up Se-
quence(s). Where system complexity requires, a written
sequence in checklist form should be prepared for equip-
ment access, lockout/tagout, clearance, release, and
start-up.
5. Implementation of Lockout/Tagout Pro-
cedure
5.1 Preparation for Lockoutf Tagout
5.I . 1 Notification of Personnel. All personnel af-
fected by the lockout/tagout shall be notified of the
lockout/tagout application.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 2244.1-1982
(electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical,
nuclear, thermal, etc) input and output sources supply-
ing particular items of equipmentlprocess as well as
latent or residual energy.
E4.2 Identification of Energy Isolating Devices. The
potential for accidents will be reduced if employees
are not expected to rely on memory as to which iso-
lating devices apply to which machines or to trace the
equipment complexity; the greater the equipment com-
plexity, the greater the potential for error with respect
to unlabeled or inadequately identified energy isolating
devices.
Where conditions such as complexity or security
warrant, coded identification is acceptable.
E4.3 Selection and Procurement of Protective Mate-
rials and Hardware. Emphasis must be placed on using the
distinctive lockout/tagout device only for the protec-
tion of personnel actually performing activities listed
in 3.1. The use of the distinctive lockout/tagout de-
vices to keep the equipment/process out of service for
causes other than immediate personnel protection
should not be permitted. The use of lockout devices
for toolboxes, clothing lockers, etc, and the use of
tagout devices for nonrelated communications or func-
tions should not be permitted.
E4.4 Assignment of Duties and Responsibilities. Spe-
cial skills will be required to effect lockout/tagout of
equipmentlprocess involving multiple forms of energy,
high-voltages, complex interconnected components,
and the like. It will normally be necessary to restrict
these activities to knowledgeable, authorized individ-
uals t o assure personnel safety.
E4.5 Preparation of De-energization and Start-up Se-
quence(s). Although simple lockout/tagout applica-
tions, such as one employee and one energy source, do
not necessitate a prepared sequence, it is advisable to
have available written listings of all equipment and the
specific location of their energy isolating devices. The
sequence(s) prepared in checklist form should reflect
the developed order of energy isolating device activa-
tion, waiting times (if any), visual or audio signals, etc.
ES.1.1 Notification ofpersonnel. Special operating
problems, unusual equipmentlprocess modes, and fac-
tors affecting equipmentlprocess release should be dis-
cussed by responsible personnel. Mutual understanding
with respect to scope and time of the lockout/tagout
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ANSI Z24i.I.L 8 2 H 0 7 2 4 3 5 0 0 0 2 5 5 8 7 7
~

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 2244.1-1982

should exist. Affected employees should be notified

prior to the prearranged release of the equipment/
process to them.
5.1.2 Equipment Access and Release. A method
shall be established to provide a means of gaining access
to the equipment/process that involves acknowledgment
and release from use by the individual(s) responsible
for the equipment/process.
5.1.3 Plan. Where equipment/process complexity or E5.1.3 Plan. A lockout/tagout plan is of significant
other conditions warrant, a lockout/tagout plan should value in establishing appropriate protective continuity,
be developed to serve as a control measure for the dura- particularly with respect to jobs extending beyond the
tion of the job. initial work period or established shift schedule and in-
volving multiple personnel or crafts.
The plan should include, but not be limited to, the
following:
(1) Job objectives and involved equipment/process
(2) Estimated job duration
(3) Personnel and crafts involved
(4) Personnel sign-on and -off provisions
(5) Type, number, and location of all energy isolat-
ing devices requiring lockout/tagout devices
( 6 ) Responsible personnel approvals
(7) Start-up provisions
5.1.4 PreJob Briefing. Where equipment/process
complexity or other conditions warrant, an authorized
individual should review the lockout/tagout sequence
or plan with personnel affected by the lockout/tagout.

5.2 Application of LockoutlTagout

5.2.I EquipmentlProcessShutdown. Using appro- E5.2.1 EquipmentlProcess Shutdown. Equipment/
priate equipment/process shutdown procedures all oper- process operating controls should be turned to neutral
ating controls shall be turned off or returned to the to facilitate operation of the energy isolating devices.
neutral mode by authorized individuals. Energy isolating devices should not be operated under
load unless designed to do so.
5.2.2 Equipment/ProcessIsolation. All involved E5.2.2 EquipmentIProcess Isolation. The survey
energy isolating devices shall be located and operated (see 4.1) of energy sources and lockout/tagout
in such a manner as to isolate the equipment/process sequence should be utilized to prevent energy isolating
from the energy source(s). The lockout/tagout plan, devices from being omitted or operated in the wrong
if developed, shali be followed. sequence. A written checklist (sequence) is recom-
mended even in the most routine operation.
5.2.3 LockoutlTagout Device Application. Appro-
priate lockout/tagout devices shall be applied to each
energy isolating device by authorized individuals. Ex-
cept where the provisions of Section 6 apply, lockout
devices shall be attached in such a manner as to hold
the energy isolating devices in a safe position. Tagout
devices shall be attached in such a manner as to forbid
the operation of energy isolating devices. Tagout de-
vices shall be attached to the energy isolating device
except that, where the instaliation does not permit this
attachment, they shall be located in such a position as
to be immediately obvious to anyone attempting to
operate the energy isolating device.
5.2.4 Verification ofholation. One or both of the

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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 2244.1-1982

following actions shall be accomplished after lockout/

tagout application to determine if the operation of the
energy isolating devices has in fact produced the re-
quired isolation of the equipment/process.
(1) Operate the equipment/process operating con-
trols (push buttons, switches, etc) to determine that
the energy isolation has been effective.
CAUTION: Return operating controls to neutral posi-
tion after each test.
(2) Test the equipment/process by use of appropri-
ate test equipment and/or visual inspection to deter-
mine that the energy isolation has been effective.
5.2.5 Srored Energy. The equipment/process shall
be carefully examined to detect and relieve, discon-
nect, or restrain any residual energy.
5.3 Release from LockoutlTagout
5.3.I EquipmentlProcess. Before energy is restored
to the equipment/process, a visual inspection of the
work area shall be made by an authorized individual
to ensure that all nonessential items have been removed
and that all components are operationally intact.
5.3.2 Personnel. Before energy is restored to the
equipment/process, a personnel count or administrative
technique shall be employed to verify that personnel
are in the clear. This Check-out procedure should be
supplemented with a visual verification that personnel
are in the clear.
5 3 . 3 LockoutlTagout Device(s) Removal. Each
lockout/tagout device shall be removed from each
energy isolating device by the affected individual who
applied the device or under the direct supervision of
an authorized individual, except where the provisions
of Section 6 apply.
E5.2.5 Stored Energy. Blocks or other physical re-
straints may be necessary to guarantee total immobili-
zation of the equipment/process. In the case of electri-
cal circuits, grounds may be necessary to discharge
energy. Bleed valves may require operation to relieve
pressure.
E5.3.1 EquipmentlProcess. The equipment/process
should be inspected for obstructions, incomplete work,
etc. In some situations, a team inspection is performed
using checklists with appropriate trained personnel
checking out specific components such as hydraulic,
electrical, pneumatic, etc.
E5.3.2 Personnel. It should be ascertained that per-
sonnel are physically clear of equipment/process. Multi-
ple personnel and energy source situations demand
comprehensive measures to ensure that assigned work
has been completed and all personnel have cleared the
equipmentlprocess.
E5.3.3 LockoutlTagout Devicels) Removal. In in-
stances where employees are not available (sickness,
injury, etc) to clear the control of their personal lock/
tag protection, a specific procedure should be em-
ployed to ensure the integrity of the lockout/tagout.

6. Special Lockout/Tagout Considerations

6.1 LockoutlTagout Interruption (Testing of Energized

Equipment). In situations where the energy isolating de-
vice@)is locked/tagged and there is a need for testing or
positioning of the equipment/process, the following se-
quence shall apply:
(1) Clear equipment/process of tools and materials
(2) Clear personnel
(3) Clear the control of locks/tags according to
established procedure
(4) Proceed with test, etc

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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 2244.1-1982

( 5 ) Deenergize all systems and relock/retag the con-

trols to continue the work
6.2 Equipment Design and Performance Limitations.
Alternative effective protective techniques shall be em-
ployed where the equipment/process design prohibits
use of the established lockout/tagout devices,
6.3 Exposure of Outside Personnel. Established lock-
out/tagout procedures should be employed for the pro-
tection of individuals from outside organizations (ser-
vice representatives, contractor’s employees, and other
outside personnel), where exposure exists due to their
involvement with work in progress. An authorized rep-
resentative of such outside organizationsshall be made
aware of established lockout/tagout procedures and in-
formed of the necessity of adapting and enforcing lock-
out/tagout protection which shall be compatible with
existing in-plant lockout/tagout procedures.
6.4 Multiple Personnel Protection (Group Lockout/
Tagout). When a crew, craft, department, or other
group lockout/tagout device@)is used, it shall afford
the affected employee a level of protection equivalent
to that provided by personal lockout/tagout devices.
6.5 Coordination (ShiftlSchedule Change). Provisions
shall be made to ensure the continuity of lockout/tag-
out protection during shift or personnel change. Speci-
fic procedures shall be developed for such situations.
6.6 Authorization for Lockoutf Tagout Application
and Removal. Where written lockout/tagout plans exist
and are used for complex systems, lockout/tagout de-
vices shall be installed and removed only at the direc-
tion of the authorized individual who has control of
the plan.
E6.3 Exposure of Outside Personnel. Interaction be-
tween employees and outside personnel is a source of
potential injury due to misunderstandings and differ-
ences in specific lockout/tagout procedures and de-
vices. For this reason, it is particularly important that
the employer and outside individual personnel and con-
tractors reach a mutual understanding and agreement
as to what procedures and devices will be in use.
Written verification of the understanding is desirable.
E6.4 Multiple Personnel Protection (Group Lockout/
Tagout). Situations exist where, due to the scope of
the job, the complexity of the equipment/process, the
number of involved personnel and craft groups, etc, a
more functionally practical method of lockout/tagout
than individual single-source, single individual lockout/
tagout is required. Under these circumstances, tech-
niques are employed to provide a workable approach
to ensure that no unexpected energization or start of
equipment/process occurs. The following elements are
often found in group lockout/tagout procedures
(1) Primary responsibility for a number of person-
nel working under the protection of a particular lock-
out/tagout device vested in an authorized individual.
(2) Procedural provision for ascertaining the expo-
sure status of individual crew members with regard to
the lockout/tagout of the equipment/process
(3) Provision for overall job-associated lockout/
tagout with control responsibility assigned to a
designated individual to coordinate affected work
forces, and to ensure protection continuity.

6.7 Work on Energized Equipment. Personnel perform-

ing the activities listed in 3.1, other than normal operat-
ing activities, should do so under de-energized conditions

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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 2244.1-1982

in accordance with the lockout/tagout procedures re-

quired in this standard (see 5.2.1). Where work on ener-
gized equipment is required, acceptable procedures and
equipment shall be employed to provide effective pro-
tection to personnel.
6.8 Production Operations. Personnel performing the
activities listed in 3.1, other than normal operating ac-
tivities, should do so under de-energizedconditions in
accordance with the lockout/tagout procedures required
in this standard (see 5.2.1). In the case of required
repetitive minor adjustments where this is not feasible,
or in the case of normal production operations, these
activities shall be accomplished under the protection
of specially designed control circuits, control equip-
ment, and operating procedures, that provide proven
effective protection for the affected personnel.

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Appendix (This Appendix is not part of American National Standard 2244.1-1982, but is included for informational
purposes only.)

Sample Lockout Procedure

The following sample lockout procedure is provided as a guide for the development of a specific lockout proce-
dure. A tagout procedure would be similar in format. Where complexity requires, a more comprehensive procedure
shall be developed, documented, and implemented.

LOCKOUT

Lockout procedure for (Name of Company)

Purpose

This procedure establishes the minimum requirements for lockout of energy sources that could cause injury to
personnel. All employees shall comply with the procedure.

Responsibility

The responsibility for seeing that this procedure is followed is binding upon all employees. All employees shall be
instructed in the safety significance of the lockout procedure by (designate individual). Each new or transferred
affected employee shall be instructed by (designate individuals) in the purpose and use of the lockout procedure.

Preparation for Lockout

Employees authorized to perform lockout shall be certain as to which switch, valve or other energy isolating de-
vices apply to the equipment being locked out. More than one energy source (electrical, mechanical, or others)
may be involved, Any questionable identification of sources shall be cleared by the employees with their super-
visors. Before lockout commences, job authorization should be obtained.

Sequence of Lockout Procedure

(1) Notify all affected employees that a lockout is required and the reason therefor.
(2) If the equipment is operating, shut it down by the normal stopping procedure (depress stop button, open
toggle switch, etc).
(3) Operate the switch, valve, or other energy isolating device so that the energy source(s) (electrical, mechani-
cal, hydraulic, etc) is disconnected or isolated from the equipment. Stored energy, such as that in capacitors,
springs, elevated machine members, rotating flywheels, hydraulic systems, and air, gas, steam, or water pressure,
etc, must also be dissipated or restrained by methods such as grounding, repositioning, blocking, bleeding-
down, etc.
(4) Lockout the energy isolating devices with an assigned individual lock.
(5) After ensuring that no personnel are exposed and as a check on having disconnected the energy sources,
operate the push button or other normal operating controls to make certain the equipment will not operate.
CAUTION: Return operating controls to neutral position after the test.
( 6 ) The equipment is now locked out.

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I AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 2244.1-1982
I
I Restoring Equipment to Service

O (1) When the job is complete and equipment is ready for testing or normal service, check the equipment area
to see that no one is exposed.
(2) When equipment is all clear, remove all locks. The energy isolating devices may be operated to restore
I
energy to equipment.

Procedure Involving More Than One Person

In the preceding steps, if more than one individual is required to lock out equipment, each shall place his own per-
sonal lock on the energy isolating device(s). One designated individual of a work crew or a supervisor, with the
knowledge of the crew, may lock out equipment for the whole crew. In such cases, it shall be the responsibility
of the individual to carry out all steps of the lockout procedure and inform the crew when it is safe to work on
the equipment. Additionally, the designated individual shall not remove a crew lock until it has been verified
that all individuals are clear.

Rules for Using Lockout Procedure

All equipment shall be locked out to protect against accidental or inadvertent operation when such operation
could cause injury to personnel. Do not attempt to operate any switch, valve, or other energy isolating device
bearing a lock.

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American National Standards

The standard in this booklet i s one of more than 10,000 standards approved
to date by the American National Standards Institute.
The Standards Institute provides the machinery for creating voluntary stan-
dards. It serves to eliminate duplication of standards activities and to weld
conflicting standards into single, nationally accepted standards under the
designation "American National Standards.''
Each standard represents general agreement among maker, seller, and user
groups as to the best current practice with regard to some specific problem.
Thus the completed standards cut across the whole fabric of production,
distribution, and consumption of goods and services. American National
Standards, by reason of Institute procedures, reflect a national consensus
of manufacturers, consumers, and scientific, technical, and professional orga-
nizations, and governmental agencies. The completed standards are used
widely by industry and commerce and often by municipal, state, and federal
governments.
The Standards Institute, under whose auspices this work is being done, i s the
United States clearinghouse and coordinating body for voluntary standards
activity on the national level. It is a federation of trade associations, techni-
cal societies, professional groups, and consumer organizations. Some 1O00
.;
companies are affiliated with the Institute as company members.
f
The American National Standards Institute is the United States member of
the International Organization for Staiidardization (ISO) and the Interna-
tional Electrotechnical Commission (I EC). Through these channels U.S. stan-
dards interests make their positions .felt on the international level. American
National Standards are on file in the libraries of the national standards bodies
of more than 60 countries.

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