UPPER-INTERMEDIATE GROUP January 23, 2014

Mid-Term 02

ATTENTION!
DİKKAT!

 Because two Mid-Terms were given in the 2013-2014 Fall Term,

this Mid-Term (MT02) is actually at the level of MT02-MT03.

 2013-2014 Güz döneminde iki Mid-Term verildiği için bu sınav

(MT02) aslında MT02-MT03 seviyesindedir.
I. WHILE-LISTENING SECTION (12 pts.)

A. STATEMENTS (2 pts. each; 4 pts.)

In this section, you will hear a statement for each item and a question related to it. Before
you listen to each statement and the related question, you will be given 15 seconds in
order to have a look at the four alternative answers to the question. Each statement will
be spoken only ONCE. After you listen to each statement, mark the alternative which
best answers the question that follows.
1. What does the speaker mean?
a) Having a lot of furniture makes it difficult to focus.
b) Office furniture is said to take up a lot of space.
c) You need less furniture for a more spacious office.
d) Moving the pieces of office furniture is a difficult task.
2. What does the speaker mean?
a) There is no way to save the company from going bankrupt.
b) The bankruptcy can be avoided by making workers redundant.
c) No workers in the company will be fired in the near future.
d) More workers are needed to prevent a possible bankruptcy.
B. DIALOGUES (2 pts. each; 4 pts.)
For the items in this section, you will hear a dialogue and a question related to it. Before
you listen to each dialogue and the related question, you will be given 15 seconds in order
to have a look at the four alternative answers to the question. Each dialogue will be
spoken only ONCE. After you listen to each dialogue, mark the alternative which best
answers the question that follows.
3. What does the man mean?
a) The woman should have taken the other job offer.
b) The woman shouldn’t get a master’s degree.
c) The other job wouldn't have paid for her tuition.
d) She could ask the company to pay her tuition.
4. What does the woman imply?
a) She wants to keep working where she now lives.
b) She wants to get a job in a smaller company.
c) She's looking forward to working in New York.
d) She expects to find a better job as soon as possible.
C. MINI-LECTURE (2 pts. each; 4 pts.)
For the items in this section, you will hear a mini-lecture on speech community. You will hear
the lecture only ONCE. As you listen, mark the choice that best answers each question or
completes each statement. Before you listen to the lecture, you will have one minute to have
a look at the questions related to it.
5. How can yin and yang be defined?
a) They are the opposite forces competing with each other.
b) They mean the land and the ocean in Chinese.
c) They are complementary opposites in Chinese philosophy.
d) They are two of the elements of Chinese philosophy.
6. Which of the following is FALSE about the five elements?
a) They help us to understand how body, mind and spirit work.
b) They maintain the balance of physical and mental health.
c) The amount of each element is the same in each person.
d) Imbalance among elements causes some specific illnesses.
II. LISTENING AND NOTE-TAKING SECTION (8 pts.)
PAPER I.

In this section, you will hear a brief lecture giving information on MASS MEDIA. You will
hear the lecture once. Listen carefully and take notes on the following points as you listen:
- the new technologies in mass media,
- dangers of mass media
Later, you will be given eight minutes to answer some questions using your notes. Your notes
will not be graded.
II. LISTENING AND NOTE-TAKING SECTION (8 pts.)
PAPER II.

A. Fill in the blanks according to the information in your notes. (1 pt. each; 5 pts.)

1. a) and b) are two of the

examples of newer technologies.

2. a) and b) are the two groups

of people that are mostly affected by the violence on TV.

3. Couch potato refers to a person who .

4. Being a coach potato is quite dangerous because in this passive state

5. Addiction to social media can be detrimental to your .

B. Explain why it is easy to manipulate children with advertisements in 2-3 sentences. (3 pts.)

.
SFL/METU January 23, 2014
Dept of B.E. Time: 45 mins.
Testing Office
Mid-Term II
Writing
UPPER-INTERMEDIATE GROUP
Class: Name:

II. WRITING (15 pts.)

In about 180-220, give your opinion about how the mass media affects our lives in POSITIVE
ways.

In your paragraph, make sure:

 you write a topic sentence, major and minor supporting sentences, and a conclusion,
 all your ideas are relevant to the topic,
 you use appropriate linkers.
Pay attention to:
 the content,
 the organization,
 the accuracy of the language.

Write your paragraph on the lines provided below.

General comments (For the instructor's use)

TOTAL: / 15
LANGUAGE SECTION (21 pts.)
Read the text below and mark the best alternative. (1 pt. each; 21pts.)
North Americans state that they dream once or twice a week. In other cultures, however, it is more
common for people to recall several dreams in one night. Bob Hoffmann, Tim Moffitt, and Roger
Wells of Carleton's psychology department are interested in (7) North Americans
don't remember their dreams. Is it that we simply don't dream (8) other people, or are
we somehow conditioned not to remember?

7. a) what 8. a) as many as
b) when b) as soon as
c) why c) as well as
d) which d) as much as

To find the answers to their questions, Professors Hoffmann, Moffitt, and Wells have spent the
past four summers inviting people (9) for a few nights in Carleton's sleep research
laboratory. (10) in the Loeb Building, the laboratory centers around an Anechoic
chamber, a specially designed, soundproof and light-proof room, with only a bed. Undergraduate
students and acquaintances of the researchers have been used as subjects. Few people have
trouble (11) asleep in the lab.

9. a) staying 10. a) Locating 11. a) to fall

b) to stay b) To be located b) to have fallen
c) having stayed c) Located c) having fallen
d) to have stayed d) Having located d) falling

Subjects bring along their own pillow. They are hooked up to an EEG machine, which records
brain waves, and to other machines which record muscle and eye movements. Then they settle
down to sleep. During the night, they are wakened several times, and asked to report what they
(12) . Later, researchers match the dreams reported by the subjects with brain
waves and muscle and eye movements recorded at the time. Eventually, the data is expected
(13) to find out how the brain functions.

12. a) dreamed 13. a) to use

b) dream b) to be used
c) have been dreaming c) using
d) had dreamed d) being used
 One hypothesis currently (14) by Carleton's sleep researchers is that activity in the two
hemispheres of the brain is more balanced when we dream than when we are awake. When we are
awake, the right and left sides of the brain handle different functions, so one side is generally more
active than the other. (15) the data proves that brain activity is more balanced when
we dream, it may be that we are using the entire brain to solve a problem rather than only part of
it. This may account for our ability to do a (16) different kind of thinking at night.

14. a) being tested 15. a) Unless 16. a) hardly

b) to be tested b) Supposing b) totally
c) having tested c) If c) closely
d) having been tested d) Even if d) widely

(17) comparing brain waves from the two halves of the brain with the type of dream
experience that the subject reports, researchers hope to discover (18) specific
thought processes are associated with activity in one hemisphere or not.

17. a) With 18. a) whether

b) Through b) what
c) By c) that
d) During d) how

Several interesting, though as yet unexplained, findings have already been made in the sleep
research laboratory. Different types of dreams are claimed to (19) ranging from
simple emotions, to re-enactments of daytime experiences, to sensations like flying or falling, to
full- fledged dreams with bizarre, surrealistic plots. (20) of these categories of
dreams is associated with a different stage of sleep, and frequently with a different time of night.

19. a) report 20. a) All

b) being reported b) Neither
c) have reported c) Each
d) have been reported d) Both

For example, although subjects report dreams during periods of rapid eye movement (REM)
and non-REM sleep, their contents are not the same. (21) dreams during REM sleep
tend to have plots, strange characters and intense experiences, those during non-REM sleep
often deal with scenes reminiscent of everyday life. In the middle of the night, however, dreams
during both types of sleep tend to be similar. Subjects who recall a high number of dreams tend
to have more people
in their dreams than people who remember (22) of their dreams. Many people
who claim they never dream remember several dreams at night in the sleep laboratory,
(23) that external factors may somehow normally make them forget their dreams.
The researchers have as yet found no personality correlations with the type of dreams a person
recalls, or with the frequency of recall.

21. a) Because 22. a) fewer 23. a) suggest

b) While b) any b) suggested
c) As long as c) either c) suggesting
d) Provided d) less d) to suggest
(24) sleep and dream research is also being carried out elsewhere, Dr. Hoffmann
says the work which is being done at Carleton is unique. Most other researchers are concerned
with the medical aspects of sleep, with the problems of sleeping, or the effects of drugs on sleep.
(25) , researchers at Carleton are interested in the psychological aspects of
dreams, their organization, the senses involved in each dream experience, and the stage of sleep
in which different types of dreams occur.

24. a) Even though 25. a) Similarly

b) Since b) Furthermore
c) Once c) In contrast
d) On condition that d) Hence

We spend approximately one-third of our lives sleeping and a great deal of that time dreaming.
(26) , Dr. Hoffmann says, we know remarkably little about the mechanics of
dreaming. In North America, we live in a technological culture, in which emphasis is placed
(27) the physical world and quantitative things. As a result, we pay little
attention to our dreams.

26. a) That is 27. a) by

b) Even so b) with
c) Thus c) to
d) Meanwhile d) on
VOCABULARY (10 pts.)
Read the text below and mark the best alternative. (1 pt. each; 10 pts.)
The widespread sale and use of illegal drugs pose a major threat to governments throughout the
world. It has been (28) by a recent UN report that the total value of the international illegal
drug trade was annually $400 billion between 2008 and 2013. As a result of this, in the war on
drugs, several countries, including Singapore, have (29) a "zero tolerance" law about drug
trafficking.

28. a) exploited 29. a) adopted

b) endured b) corrupted
c) verified c) revived
d) altered d) terminated

Though the country has been accused of denying basic human rights to people, almost no one has
challenged Singapore's legal practices due to various other measures existing in the country. These
measures include controls over the freedom of the press, restrictions on trade unions and
associations, and the (30) of jury trials. In addition to (31) political conflicts by saying
they are threats to Singapore's national security, citizens can be arrested if they are "suspected of
criminal activity." Such criminal activity also includes, of course, the sale or use of illegal drugs
in the country.

30. a) indication 31. a) reinforcing

b) collision b) suppressing
c) conversion c) encouraging
d) abolition d) conducting

In Singapore, the part of the government in charge of dealing with drug users is the Central
Narcotics Bureau (CNB), which employs Singapore's Misuse of Drugs Act to require anyone to
submit to a urine test for drugs. A positive drug test is sufficient (32) for detention in a Drug
Rehabilitation Center (DRC) for six-months. Singapore's DRCs are run by the Prisons Department,
which does not approve of the idea that drug addiction is (33) a medical problem. Drug
addiction is also seen as a social and behavioral problem, and addicts are responsible for the
consequences of their own actions.

32. a) assimilation 33. a) vaguely

b) prosperity b) voluntarily
c) justification c) proportionally
d) confusion d) solely
For anyone (34) of trafficking in illegal drugs, the penalty in Singapore since 1975 has been
death. In order to incur the death penalty, the accused must be found in possession of more than
a certain quantity of illegal drugs. In addition to the death penalty for drug trafficking,
Singaporean
law also (35) stiff fines on people who are in possession of an amount which doesn’t
(36) a certain limit. As Singapore is in a rather unique geographical position as an air, land,
and sea access for South East Asia, it is particularly attractive as a transit point for drug traffickers.
As a result, Singapore's government was actually forced to make these harsh laws as one of the
few ways to (37) people from using drugs.

34. a) committed 35. a) regulates 36. a) extend 37. a) deter

b) convicted b) facilitates b) initiate b) comprise
c) contradicted c) imposes c) interfere c) diversify
d) converted d) abandons d) exceed d) exaggerate
READING SECTION (34 pts.)
Text I. Read the text below and answer the questions that follow. (2 pts. each; 16 pts.)
1 Cabaceiras is a small town with just 5,000 people situated in Brazil's northern state of Para. The
people are mostly small-scale vegetable farmers, with traditional knowledge handed down over
hundreds of years. However, now, the natural purity of their produce is under threat from one
of the 21st century's most controversial technological issues: genetically modified organisms
(GMOs). Previously, one of the world's last major agricultural exporters to remain GMO free,
the Brazilian government has now decided to allow the biotechnology industry to sell GM seed
to the country's farmers who have always shunned any idea that would endanger the natural
purity of their crops.
2 Many people in Brazil feel the acceptance of transgenic crops is a dangerous move. Before this
decision, Brazil was the world's largest exporter of GM-free soya. In 2001, sales of this product
alone earned the country US$ 4.1billion — just under one-third of the country's total income
from agricultural exports. Its main market was Europe, where consumers are still suspicious as
to whether food species that have been genetically modified (GM) in a laboratory may affect
their health. European law requires all produce containing more than one per cent of GM
ingredients to be labeled as such.
3 When Brazil was totally GM-free, Adriano Campolini, policy director of the development
agency ActionAid, pointed out that Brazil faced pressure from countries like the USA and from
the biotech industry to come into line. They were afraid that Brazil would have a competitive
advantage because of its GM-free status. Fearful that health and safety worries were being
ignored, ActionAid joined with other non-governmental organizations to stall attempts in
Brazil's congress to legalize GMOs, insisting there must be further research. They gained
support among rural peasants such as those who live in Cabaceiras through a public education
campaign and staged mock jury trials at which scientists, large-scale farmers, peasants and civic
leaders alike were invited to debate the case for and against.
4 Even now, small family farmers like Lilian Marques, 33, who lives in Cabaceiras with her
family, fear GM technology could harm them. Lilian is well aware of the possible effects of
eating GM food on health, but she also has other concerns. She says they are afraid that the rich
farmers will plant GM seed now as it is legalized and the wind could bring the pollen to their
plantation. Then, it will be as if they have planted GM seed, too. She adds that they produce
only natural vegetables, yet they could not be sure what they were eating. Lillian also thinks
that GM crops could be harmful to the forest and the animals that they eat.
5 The biotech industry says such fears about GM technology are misguided. Monsanto, the
international food biotechnology company, has launched a campaign in Brazil, costing US$ 2
million, to provide information to the public about genetically modified crops. The company
insists the process that kills the insects is harmless to humans and that the herbicide used on
GM crops is no more toxic than table-salt. Monsanto hails the USA and Argentina — the other
two largest exporters of soya — as examples of agricultural exporters that thrive on GM crops,
 whose merits it says include increased resistance to disease, improved nutritional value and
increased levels of production.
6 It is not just the biotechnology companies that have an interest in Brazil lifting its GM ban,
though they will undoubtedly reap the biggest profits. Francisco Campos, a professor of plant
molecular biology in the northeastern city of Fortaleza, has made his own scientific
breakthrough but cannot implement it because the embargo has only been lifted on GM soya,
not other crops. He says, “We need plants to feed animals in order to have milk and meat. In
this region, most of the plants we use for animal food, like cassava and prickly pear, are
nutritionally deficient. However, we can now insert a gene to add nutritional quality. In my
laboratory, we have created our first transgenic cassava like this, but we are not allowed to put
it to use. This GM ban undermines the confidence people have in science and its ability to help
feed our nation.”However, the villagers in Cabaceiras are not convinced as people still don't
know if GM seed is good or bad. Therefore, they don't want to take the risk.

38. Which of the following is TRUE about Cabaceiras?

a) Its farmers have gained their knowledge from their ancestors.
b) Their crops are known to lack natural purity.
c) They are the major agricultural exporter of Brazil.
d) Its residents welcome the idea of growing GMOs.

39. such in para. 2 refers to .

a) being GM-free
b) including GM ingredients
c) affecting health
d) exported from Brazil

40. One of the ways that ActionAid tried to stop the legislation of GMOs was .
a) collaborating with governmental organizations
b) showing the research they have done
c) launching campaigns against GM crops throughout the world
d) gathering different groups to discuss the pros and cons of GMOs

41. Which of the following is NOT among the arguments against GM technology?
a) Our health could be affected negatively by eating GM food.
b) Poor farmers will have to leave their land to grow GM-free crops.
c) Pollen from GM crops may damage the non-GM products.
d) Chemical pollution can be harmful to both animals and humans.
42. Which of the following is NOT among the arguments for GM technology?
a) The products become more nutritious.
b) It increases the levels of production.
c) It strengthens the plant’s immune system.
d) Herbicide doesn’t harm any living organisms at all.

43. reap in para. 6 probably means .

a) adjust b) seek c) promote d) gather

44. What prevents Francisco Campos from implementing his scientific breakthrough?
a) Lack of funding
b) Lack of legal authorization
c) Lack of scientific support
d) Lack of nutritional quality

45. undermines in para. 6 probably means .

a) weakens b) conforms c) fulfills d) restricts
Text II: Read the text below and answer the questions that follow. (2 pts. each; 14 pts.)
1 In what concrete ways can information and communication technologies (ICTs) benefit the
two thirds of humanity who are more concerned about their next meal than about e-mail or
eBay? First, there are the economic advantages of these technologies. Besides providing
business with the opportunity to access real-time market information and complete business
transactions electronically, ICTs can reduce costs and provide a channel to market goods
and services. One small company from Tanzania replaced $20 faxes with 10 cent e-mails
and saw its telecommunications bill go from over $500 per month to $45 per month. In the
business-to- consumer segment, you will find examples like EthioGift.com, which sells
gifts, including sheep and goats, over the Internet. And in India, which is fast becoming a
global centre for telemarketing, customer support and other call centre services, ICTs are
transforming the economy. With the legalization of Internet telephony, India has captured
an even bigger chunk of the global outsourcing market, with calls from the US accounting
for 80 per cent of call centre business. Schools are even training young men and women to
speak with an American accent in order to handle the calls.
2 Health services also benefit from ICTs. Using the Internet, doctors in poor countries can
keep up to speed with the latest developments in their field as well as seek help from their
peers. This technology can also facilitate the control of diseases. Throughout Africa, for
instance, individual cases of meningitis are tracked over the Internet so that epidemics can
be stopped early. In addition, ICTs can assist in allowing healthcare professionals to use
telemedicine in the remotest and most underserved areas.

3 ICTs can make it easier to reach a broad segment of the population in education, too. The
African Virtual University is a distance learning project which is partly financed by the
World Bank, and which serves the countries of sub-Saharan Africa to offer higher
education. The Virtual University uses satellites to broadcast televised courses to students
who communicate with teachers by e-mail and telephone.
4 Finally, we come to what has been dubbed e-government. E-government initiatives focus
on making government transparent and accountable by providing citizens with direct access
to information. Critics might argue that when you're being stalked by war, hunger and
disease, this may not be a priority. However, e-government is about more than just the
ability to pay your taxes online or apply for a driving license over the Internet. It is about
giving citizens access to information which allows them to make informed decisions on
subjects that affect their lives.
5 How can those people who need ICT capabilities most be helped? Throwing computers and
modems at people will not in itself help much. Other important issues that need to be
addressed include improving computer and keyboarding skills, and increasing people's
confidence in their ability to use the new technology. A good example of how this can be
done is the Information Village Project, a computer intranet linking ten villages near
Pondicherry, India. The project, which was started with a $120,000 grant from the
International Development Research Centre, Canada, provides locally relevant information
on product prices, healthcare, weather and fishing conditions. A team of volunteers from
each village gathers up the information and feeds it into the computer in the local language
(Tamil). It is then available to all users of the intranet. There is also a multimedia component
to make the information accessible to illiterate users. Most of the operators and volunteers
providing the primary information are women, and their role in the project raises their status
in the community. Since most of the villages experience erratic power supply, the project
can run on solar power as well as mains electricity. Another Indian creation, the Simputer
(short for Simple, Inexpensive, Multilingual computer) was conceived by a team of
computer scientists at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore. It is a-small, hand-held,
battery-powered computer about 12 cm by 7 cm that has a touch- sensitive screen. You use
a stylus to tap on icons and to input information. Because each display page shows only a
few possible commands, even illiterate users should be able to learn by trial and error the
purpose of the icons and buttons on each page. The Simputer also has software that can turn
text into speech. This works for various Indian languages and allows the Simputer to read
the text aloud on its tiny built-in speakers. It also has a slot for smart cards, a feature that its
makers see as crucial. Because the device lacks a hard drive, smart cards act as the device's
portable storage units. In this way, many people can use one Simputer without having to
share their private information with one another. The Simputer costs $200 — a sizable chunk
of the yearly per capita income for many of its users, but one Simputer can enable an entire
village to access the Internet, perform transactions, keep track of agricultural prices and
educate its children.
46. According to para. 1, which of the following is NOT an example of the economic
advantages of ICTs?
a) new job opportunities in telecommunication services
b) the decrease in telecommunication bills
c) online training for fluency in English
d) easier access to consumers to sell goods

47. ICT makes it possible to .

a) find out different ways of treatment for some diseases such as meningitis
b) get access to learning without being physically present in a traditional setting
c) communicate with teachers in online courses through web conferencing
d) educate doctors about Africa through specific online courses

48. Why do people criticize e-government?

a) It is useless because many people lack the skills to benefit from it.
b) It is not a priority compared to such issues as war, hunger and disease.
c) It is only helpful in facilitating daily activities such as paying taxes.
d) It doesn’t provide people with enough information about the government.

49. What is the aim of the Information Village Project?

a) To help people to gain ICT capabilities
b) To raise women’s status in small communities
c) To solve the power supply power problems in underserved areas
d) To translate the information on the ICTs into local language

50. erratic in para. 5 probably means .

a) formidable b) unreliable c) thorough d) extensive

51. conceived in para. 6 probably means .

a) eliminated b) recruited c) invented d) implemented

52. Which of the following is NOT a feature of Simputer?

a) As it costs $ 200, it may not be affordable for many people.
b) It allows people to not only read a text but also hear it.
c) One doesn’t need to be literate to use it thanks to its commands.
d) It has a hard drive to store information, which is seen as an advantage.
Paragraph completion. (4 pts.)
Mark the choice that best completes each paragraph. (2 pts. each; 4 pts.)

53. . This is because malls usually have certain features in common. You can almost
always find most of the following: a department store, a pharmacy, a toy store, a book shop,
clothing shops for all ages, and food courts. These businesses are under one roof. Also, most
malls are enclosed, so that shoppers never have to go out once they get to the mall, although
a few malls might have doors to shops on the outside. Finally, every mall is surrounded by a
large parking area.

a) In every big city, there is at least one shopping mall, where you can find a variety of
stores
b) Malls offer a convenient choice for shoppers who would like to find everything they
need under one roof
c) Although each mall is different in architecture and design, shoppers often quickly feel
comfortable in a new one
d) Small shops are gradually losing business, and, consequently, they are disappearing as
malls are becoming more popular among shoppers

54. Although new and modern houses offer many conveniences, they don’t feature the
craftsmanship that was found in most old houses. Houses constructed sixty years ago or more
were built with top quality materials, which resulted in a very strong structure.
. Moreover, thick stone columns were used to support the frame, floors, and
roof. Average houses of today are erected in a very short time with the use of prefabricated
materials which do not produce a very sound structure.
a) For example, the walls were made at least three times thicker than the walls in a new
home
b) In other words, older houses seem to have much more ornamentation and character in
their design
c) Because of the fine quality older houses offer, they are often worth ten times their
value
d) Therefore, urban areas are making every attempt to save these beautifully crafted old
houses and improve their locations
ANSWER KEY
LISTENING 2 pts. each VOCABULARY 1pt. each
1. C 28. C
2. B 29. A
3. C 30. D
4. A 31. B
5. C 32. C
6. C 33. D
34. B
LANGUAGE 1 pt. each 35. C
7. C 36. D
8. D 37. A
9. B READING 2 pts. each
10. C TEXT 1
11. D 38. A
12. C 39. B
13. B 40. D
14. A 41. B
15. C 42. D
16. B 43. D
17. C 44. B
18. A 45. A
19. D
20. C TEXT 2

21. B 46. C
22. A 47. B
23. C 48. B
24. A 49. A
25. C 50. B
26. B 51. C
27. D 52. D
LOGICAL SEQUENCE 2 pts. each
53. C
54. A
II. LISTENING AND NOTE-TAKING SECTION (8 pts.)
A. (1 pt. each; 5 pts.)
1. 0.5 pt. each; 1 pt
any two of the following: cable / satellite TV / PDAs (personal digital assistants) / Ipads /
smart phones / the Internet
2. 0.5 pt. each; 1pt
children / adolescents
3. 1 pt.
sits for hours in front of the TV
spends a lot of time watching TV

4. 1 pt.
people / we may not be able to / cannot distinguish between fantasy and reality
people / we may make wrong decisions about important things (in our / their lives)

5. 1 pt.
personal relationships / professional lives

B. (3 pts.)

Marketers encourage children to buy (or to persuade their parents to buy) certain products by
mostly using product placement. Unlike adults, children do not have the critical thinking and
analytical skills necessary to make informed decisions, so they are more vulnerable to
manipulations that could harm them.
 TAPESCRIPT

I. WHILE LISTENING SECTION (12 pts.)

A. STATEMENTS (2 pt. each; 4 pts.)
Speaker A: In this section, you will hear a statement for each item and a question related to
it. Before you listen to each statement and the related question, you will be given 15 seconds in
order to have a look at the four alternative answers to the question. Each statement will be
spoken only ONCE. After you listen to each statement, mark the alternative which best answers
the question that follows.
Speaker A: Number 1. Have a look at the four alternatives. (***pause 15 seconds)
Speaker B: The less furniture you put in your office, the more space you and your colleagues will
have to move about.
Speaker A: What does the speaker mean? (***pause 10 seconds)
Speaker A: Number 2. Have a look at the four alternatives. (***pause 15 seconds)
Speaker B: Only by making workers redundant can we save the company from going bankrupt.
Speaker A: What does the speaker mean? (***pause 10 seconds)

B. DIALOGUES (2 pt. each; 4 pts.)

Speaker A: For the items in this section, you will hear a dialogue and a question related to it.
Before you listen to each dialogue and the related question, you will be given 15 seconds in order
to have a look at the four alternative answers to the question. Each dialogue will be spoken only
ONCE. After you listen to each dialogue, mark the alternative which best answers the question
that follows.
Speaker A: Number 1. Have a look at the four alternatives. (***pause 15 seconds)
Woman: My boss says the company will pay for any college expenses if I want to get a master’s
degree.
Man: That's a benefit you wouldn't have if you had taken the other job offer.
Speaker A: What does the man mean? (***pause 10 seconds)
Speaker A: Number 2. Have a look at the four alternatives. (***pause 15 seconds)
Man: I heard that your company isn't moving from Chicago to New York after all.
Woman: Well, not for the time being, but I’m still looking for other employment opportunities
here in Chicago anyway. Just in case.
Speaker A: What does the woman imply? (***pause 10 seconds)

C. MINI-LECTURE (2 pt. each; 4 pts.)

For the items in this section, you will hear a mini-lecture on traditional Chinese philosophy. You
will hear the lecture only ONCE. As you listen, mark the choice that best answers each question.
Now, you have 45 seconds to have a look at the questions.
Today, I’m going to introduce traditional Chinese philosophy. First, we will talk about the yin and
yang philosophy. Secondly, we will look at the five elements of this philosophy. Let’s begin with
the definition of yin and yang. Yin and yang should be considered as opposite forces that complete
each other such as the land and the ocean. These opposite forces do not compete with each other.
They are complementary. When you think of yin and yang, think of complementary opposites.
So, moving from complementary opposites, let's continue with the five elements. They are water,
wood, fire, earth, and metal. The Chinese divided yin and yang into five elements to gain an
understanding of how the body, mind, and spirit work. According to the Chinese, every person's
physical and mental health relies on a balance of the five elements. Individuals may have more of
one element than another. Of course, ideally, all elements should be in balance or in harmony.
The amount of each element in an individual's body determines his or her physical and mental
health. When all of the elements are in balance, a person is healthy. When they are not equal, or
there is an imbalance, you get sick. The type of sickness depends on the elements that are not
balanced. OK, we're going to get into these specific illnesses next time. Before you go, let’s review
what we have covered today. We have defined yin and yang; the opposites. Secondly, we’ve
discussed the five elements of yin and yang. They are water, wood, fire, earth, and metal. The
amounts of these are constantly changing, and whether they are in balance or not determines our
health.
II. LISTENING AND NOTE-TAKING SECTION (8 pts.)
Speaker A: In this section, you will hear a brief lecture on mass media. You will hear the
lecture once. Listen carefully and take notes on the following points as you listen:
- the new technologies in mass media,
- dangers of mass media
Later, you will be given eight minutes to answer some questions using your notes. Your notes
will not be graded.
Good afternoon everyone. Today, we’re going to talk about the dangers of mass media. Fifteen
years ago, if you had heard the words "mass media," you would probably have thought of
television, newspapers, magazines, and the radio. However, today, if you made a list of the
technologies you use, you would have to add newer technologies such as cable, satellite TV, PDAs
or personal digital assistants, Ipads, smart phones and the Internet. And of course, technology has
brought us some wonderful things, and I personally wouldn't want to live without them. But all
these new advances have brought dangers that we should be aware of. There are mainly four
dangers of the media: violence, passivity, addiction and the over consumption of products due to
advertising.
Let’s begin with violence. As you know, there's a lot of violence on TV programs, and many
people worry about its effect on us. Today, almost every home in the United States has at least one
television set, and according to a recent study, TV is on, in the average household, for seven hours
every day. And many people are afraid that especially children and adolescents are susceptible to
the violence on TV. Children and adolescents are thought to be affected by this violence the most
because of their young age. In 1993, for example, a young boy jumped out of a window after seeing
a superhero do the same thing on TV while chasing an enemy.
In addition to making us violent, TV can also make us passive. You've probably heard the term
"couch potato." Couch potato refers to a person who sits for hours in front of the TV. In other
words, it refers to a person who spends a lot of time watching TV. In fact, being a couch potato
actually has an important negative effect on a person’s life. When people are in this passive state,
they may not be able to distinguish between fantasy and reality. As a result of this, they may make
wrong decisions about important things in their lives.
Third, using social media in particular can become very addictive. Addiction to this type of media
is usually viewed as a behavioral addiction, like gambling. Similar to gambling, interacting on
social media activates the part of the brain involved with rewards. Just as gamblers get a rush of
good feelings when they win, social media addicts feel gratification when their Facebook posts get
lots of "likes'', when their Twitter followers multiply, and when their Instagram photos are big hits.
This behavioral addiction may not be as destructive as alcohol or drug addiction, but it can be
detrimental to two important things: their personal relationships and their professional lives.
Personal relationships with their families and friends might be ruined as well as their
professional lives.
The fourth danger we should be concerned about is the over consumption of products. Over the
last few years, child-directed advertising has grown a lot. Marketers now see children as
potential consumers who can be influenced through advertising. Thus, they encourage children to
buy or to persuade their parents to buy certain products. Unlike adults, children do not have the
critical thinking and analytical skills necessary to make informed decisions. As they lack critical
thinking and analytical skills, they are more vulnerable to manipulations that could harm them.
The most commonly used method for advertising products that target children is product
placement. Product placement means putting products right in the middle of a cartoon or film.
For example, the hero of the show might be drinking a particular soft drink, like Coca Cola or
Red Bull. Or he might be wearing a pair of Nike or Adidas. You can't escape from this form of
advertising unless you just turn off your set because as I’ve just said, they put products right in
the middle of a cartoon or film. We are surrounded everywhere by a message that tells us that we
can be better, more successful, more popular, and altogether happier if we just have more. I
believe we need to step back once in a while and ask ourselves if this message is true. I’m afraid
our time is up for now. Next week, we will take a detailed look at …(fades out)