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6모 고1 최종찍기(비밀노트)
6모 고1 최종찍기(비밀노트)
내용일치> 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T
24년 6월 모의고사 내용 및 지문 분석 고1
18.
Dear Reader,
There has never been a better time / to switch to an online membership of TourTide Magazine.
동사 주어
인쇄구독료
At a 50% discount off your current print subscription, you can access a full year of online
reading.
Get new issues(신간 호) and daily web pieces(일일 웹 기사) at TourTide.com, read or listen to
TourTide Magazine via the app, and get our membersonly newsletter.
병렬구조 회원전용
You’ll also gain access / to our editors’ selections of the best articles.
Join today!
Yours,
TourTide Team
독자분께,
보내주신 성원에 항상 감사드립니다. 아시다시피, 이제 앱을 통해서도 저희 서비스를 이용하실 수 있습니다. TourTide
Magazine의 온라인 회원으로 전환하기에 이보다 더 좋은 시기는 없습니다. 당신의 현재 인쇄본 구독료에서 50% 할인된
가격으로 1년 치를 온라인으로 구독할 수 있습니다. TourTide.com에서 신간호와 일일 웹 기사를 받아보고, 앱을 통해
TourTide Magazine을 읽거나 청취해 보고, 회원 전용 뉴스레터도 받아보세요. 편집자들이 선정한 최고의 기사도 받아볼
수 있습니다. 오늘 가입하세요!
TourTide 팀 드림
내용일치(T/F) >>>
1. Switching to an online membership is more expensive than the current print subscription.
2. Online membership includes new issues, daily web pieces, and access to the magazine's website.
3. The app does not offer options to read or listen to TourTide Magazine.
4. Online members receive a members-only newsletter and editors’ selections of the best articles.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T
24년 6월 모의고사 내용 및 지문 분석 고1
19.
합격 통지를 받기 전 시점
I hadn’t slept a wink for days.
한숨도 못 잤다
As(-할 때) I carefully tore(찢다) into the paper of the envelope, the letter slowly emerged with
the opening phrase(첫 문구), “It is our great pleasure...” I shouted with joy, “I am in!”
As I held the letter, I began to make a fantasy about my college life in a faraway city.
상상하다
우체통에서 걸어올 때 내 심장은 빠르게 뛰고 있었다. 내 손에는 지원했던 대학에서 보낸 편지가 들려 있었다. 내
생각에는 합격할 만큼 성적이 좋았고 지원서도 잘 썼지만, 그것으로 충분했을까? 며칠 동안 한숨도 잘 수 없었다. 봉투의
종이를 조심스럽게 찢자 “매우 기쁘게도...”라는 첫 문구와 함께 편지가 천천히 모습을 드러냈다. 나는 기뻐서 소리질렀다.
“합격이야!” 나는 편지를 손에 쥐고 집에서 멀리 떨어진 도시에서의 대학 생활에 대해 상상하기 시작했다.
내용일치(T/F) >>>
1. They were confident that their grades and application were insufficient.
2. Upon reading the letter, they were disappointed and did not get accepted.
3. They believed their grades and application were good but weren't sure if it was enough.
4. The narrator's heart was beating rapidly as they walked from the mailbox.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T
24년 6월 모의고사 내용 및 지문 분석 고1
글의 A messy room can lead to negative emotions and disorganized thinking; cleaning it can improve mental state
요약 and efficiency.
20. 지저분한 방은 부정적인 감정과 혼란스러운 사고로 이어질 수 있으며, 청소를 통해 정신 상태와 효율성을 개선할 수 있다 .
Having(주어) a messy room can add up to(동사) negative feelings and destructive thinking.
쌓여서 결국 –이 되다
Psychologists say that having(주어) a disorderly room can indicate(동사) a disorganized mental
state. 무질서한 정돈되지 않은, 혼란스런
When you clean your surroundings, positive and good atmosphere(주어) [follow / follows](동사).
주변 (환경) 분위기 =aura
You can do more things [efficient and neat / efficiently and neatly].
So, clean up your closets, organize your drawers, and arrange your things first, then(접속사, 그러
면) peace of mind will follow.
내용일치(T/F) >>> ★
1. A cluttered room leads to negative emotions and disorganized thinking, reflecting a chaotic mental state.
2. Organizing your space has no effect on mental well-being or productivity.
3. Psychologists find no correlation between a disorderly room and a disorganized mind.
4. A tidy environment creates a positive atmosphere and enhances efficiency.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F
24년 6월 모의고사 내용 및 지문 분석 고1
글의 While fertilizers and irrigation enhance crop growth, they also make fields more attractive to weeds due to
요약 increased nutrients and water
21. .
비료와 관개가 작물 성장을 촉진하지만, 증가된 영양소와 물로 인해 밭은 잡초에게도 더 매력적이 된다 .
★★★ 글의 요지> Fertilizers and irrigation make fields ideal for crops and weeds alike.
제목 ― 농지: 식물에 필수적인 것들이 풍부하게 갖추어진 땅
글의주제대비> effects of fertilizers and irrigation on crops and weeds
글의제목대비> The Double-Edged Sword of Fertilizers & Irrigation: Promoting Crops and Attracting Weeds
[이글 앞 원문 문장] ★★★ Balancing Fertilizers and Irrigation: Benefits and Drawbacks in Modern Farming
A farm field is a completely artificial landscape; it is obliged to support a “monoculture,” a
single, designated plant type. (농지는 완전히 인위적인 조경이고; 그것은 단일 지정 식물 유형인, 단일농경을 지원
하도록 된 땅이다)
The soil of a farm field is forced to be the perfect environment / for monoculture growth.
=is compelled [ obliged/ bound ] to be 한 가지 종류의 작물 재배
[문장순서]
This is achieved / by adding nutrients in the form of fertilizer and water / by way of irrigation.
비료 관개로 댄 물
During the last fifty years, engineers and crop scientists have helped farmers (to) become(2형식)
much more [efficently / efficient](보어) / at supplying exactly the right amount of both.
= fertilizer
=fertilize andand irrigation(water)
irrigation(water)
World usage of ①fertilizer [has tripled / tripled] since(-이후로) 1969, / and the global capacity
for ②irrigation has almost doubled; we are feeding and watering our fields more than ever,
and our crops are loving it. 양분을 주고 물을 주다
[문장넣기] =caused
Unfortunately, these luxurious conditions have also excited the attention of certain agricultural
[dessirables / undesirables](특정 농업에 좋지 못한 것들).
이글에서 weed(잡초)를 말함 (뒤의 원문에 추가적으로 언급된 것들은 벌레, 균류, 박테리아 같은 해충을 말함)
-로 채워지다 -에 비해
Because farm fields are loaded with nutrients and water / relative to the natural land(선행사) /
that(관.대) surrounds them(=farm fields), they(=farm fields) are desired as luxury real estate [밑줄 원문제]
/ by every random weed in the area. 농지는 그 지역의 어떤 잡초라도 고급 부동산으로 원하게 되는 곳이다
luxury real estate =a field abundant with necessities for plants (식물에게 필수적인 것들이 풍부한 땅)
* monoculture: 단일 작물 재배 ** irrigation: (논,밭에) 물을 댐; 관개
[이글 다음 원문]
In addition, the fields that were plowed for planting were already home to innumerable
insects, fungi, and bacteria that are only too eager to eat key parts our crop plants before we
can, To control these pests, farmers use “pesticides,” chemicals that are poisonous to the
weeds, insects, and microorganisms that would otherwise compromise the monoculture – and
are sometimes toxic to human beings as well.
내용일치(T/F) >>>★★★
1. Engineers and crop scientists have increased agricultural efficiency, but nutrient-rich fields attract weeds.
2. Nutrient and water-rich fields attract weeds, highlighting a downside to modern agricultural practices.
3. Farming efficiency has improved with increased use of fertilizers and irrigation, but these conditions also attract undesirable weeds.
4. Engineers and crop scientists have not changed farming efficiency with fertilizers and irrigation.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F
24년 6월 모의고사 내용 및 지문 분석 고1
글의 Helping others doesn't require much effort; simply showing care and attention can make a significant difference
요약 in their happiness. 다른 사람을 돕는 것은 많은 노력을 필요로 하지 않으며, 단순히 관심과 배려를 보여주는 것만으로도 그들의
22. 행복에 큰 차이를 만들 수 있다.
★
When it comes to(전치사) [help / helping] out, you don’t have to do much.
-에 관해서는 어법주의
접속사
All (that, 관.대) you have to do is (to) come(동.원) around and [shows / show](동.원) that you care.
주어 동사 다가가다
If you notice someone who is lonely, you could go and sit with them.
If you work with someone / who eats lunch all by themselves(혼자서), and you go and sit down
with them, they will begin to be more [social / upset](=intimate, familiar), after a while, and they
will [owe / leave] it all to you.
There are too many people(선행사) out in the world [which / who] [feel / feels] like(접속사)
everyone has forgotten them or (has) ignored them. 어법주의
★
Even if you say hi to someone [passing / pass](후치수식) by, they will begin to feel better about
themselves, like(접속사) someone cares.
1. Helping others requires minimal effort; simply showing care can enhance their happiness.
2. Sitting with someone who is lonely or eats alone helps them become more social and feel appreciated.
3. A simple greeting does not impact someone's self-esteem or feelings of being cared for.
4. Showing care and attention does not help combat feelings of being forgotten or ignored.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T
24년 6월 모의고사 내용 및 지문 분석 고1
글의 Taking shortcuts in challenges prevents us from gaining strength; true mastery and success come from
요약 facing hardship(=adversity/ struggle) and preparation 도전에서 지름길을 택하는 것은 우리가 강해지는 것을 막으며,
23. 진정한 숙달과 성공은 고난과 준비에서 비롯된다.
★★
주제 ― importance of confronting hardship in one’s life 원문제: 글의 주제
글의제목대비> Beyond Shortcuts: How Facing Difficulties Leads to Mastery and Success
We often try to make cuts in our challenges and take the easy route.
단축하다, 멈추다
[문장순서]
When taking the quick exit, we fail to acquire the strength / to [compete / yield].
빠른 출구, 쉬운 길
Many of us never really work / to achieve mastery(정복, 숙달) / in the key areas of life.
[문장넣기] 경력 번영
These skills are key tools / that can be useful / to our career, health, and prosperity.
Highly successful athletes don’t win because of better equipment; they win / by (facing
hardship) 빈칸주의 / to gain strength and skill. =but
=adversity
Hardship will be the greatest teacher / (who or that) we will ever have in life.
내용일치(T/F) >>> ★★
1 Successful athletes rely on better equipment to achieve greatness.
2 Struggle and hardship do not contribute to acquiring valuable skills..
3 Struggle and hardship are the best teachers for acquiring skills beneficial to career, health, and prosperity..
4.Successful athletes achieve greatness through preparation and enduring difficulties, not by relying on equipment.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T
24년 6월 모의고사 내용 및 지문 분석 고1
글의 Your behaviors reflect your identity, and once you believe in a particular aspect of your identity, you're more likely
요약 to act accordingly. 당신의 행동은 당신의 정체성을 반영하며, 특정한 정체성을 믿게 되면 그에 따라 행동할 가능성이 더 높아진다 .
24.
★★ 필자 주장> Belief in an aspect of identity leads to consistent actions that reflect that identity.
글의제목대비> Identity and Behavior: How Beliefs Shape Actions // Acting on Beliefs: The Influence of Identity on Behavior
[문장순서]
주어절 동사
[That / What] you do is an indication of the type of person(선행사) you believe that(관.대) you
are ― either consciously or nonconsciously. 예상: 서술형(영작)
Research has shown that once(접속사) a person believes in a particular aspect of their identity,
they are more likely to act / according to that belief.
[문장넣기]
Similarly, the person(주어) / who accepts exercise as the part of their identity / [doesn’t /
don’t](동사) have to convince [them / themselves] to train.
(왜냐하면)
Doing(주어) the right thing is(동사) easy. - 자기 정체성에 맞는 일을 하기는 쉬우니까
[문장넣기]
After all, when your behavior and your identity perfectly match, you are no longer pursuing
(behavior change). 빈칸주의
You are simply acting like the type of person / (who or that) you already believe yourself to be.
- 이미 스스로 그렇다고 믿고 있는 유형의 사람처럼 행동하기만 하면 된다
[이글 다음 원문내용]
Like all aspects of habit formation, this, too, is a double-edged sword. When working for you,
identity change can be a powerful force for self-improvement. When working against you,
though, identity change can be a curse. Once you have adopted an identity, it can be easy to
let your allegiance to it impact your ability to change. Many people walk through life in a
cognitive slumber, blindly following the norms attached to their identity.
내용일치(T/F) >>> ★★★
1. People tend to act in ways that mirror their perceived identity, making it easier to maintain habits aligned with that self-concept.
2. Behaviors are influenced by external factors and do not typically reflect one's self-identity or personal beliefs.
3. Adopting a specific identity aspect has little to no effect on one's actions or behaviors in daily life.
4. When individuals see themselves in certain roles, such as a voter or athlete, they naturally engage in related activities.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T
24년 6월 모의고사 내용 및 지문 분석 고1
25.
The above graph shows the electronic waste collection and recycling rate by region in 2016
and 2019. In both years, Europe showed the highest electronic waste collection and recycling
rates. The electronic waste collection and recycling rate of Asia in 2019 was lower than in
2016. The Americas ranked second in 2016 and third in 2019, with 17 percent and 9 percent
respectively. In both years, the electronic waste collection and recycling rates in Oceania
remained under 10 percent. Africa had the lowest electronic waste collection and recycling
rates in both 2016 and 2019, showing the smallest gap between 2016 and 2019.
1. Europe had the highest rates of electronic waste collection and recycling in both 2016 and 2019.
2. Asia's electronic waste collection and recycling rates improved from 2016 to 2019.
3. Africa showed the largest increase in electronic waste recycling between 2016 and 2019.
4. Oceania's electronic waste recycling rates stayed below 10 percent in both years.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F
24년 6월 모의고사 내용 및 지문 분석 고1
26.
[문장순서]
At the age of six, he was sent to his grandparents / who looked after him / for most of his
childhood in Switzerland.
He developed numerous theories / that have had a profound influence / on the understanding
of our universe / in the early 21st century.
내용일치(T/F) >>>
1. Zwicky was born in the United States and spent his entire childhood there, receiving his education in physics and mathematics.
2. Zwicky contributed significantly to astrophysics by creating theories that shaped the understanding of the universe in the early 21st century.
3. Zwicky's work at Caltech included developing some of the first jet engines and earning numerous patents, particularly in jet propulsion.
4. Zwicky remained in Bulgaria throughout his life, conducting all his scientific research there and never moving abroad.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T
24년 6월 모의고사 내용 및 지문 분석 고1
27.
Get out your cookbooks and dust off your greatest baking recipes.
Registration
• Register online at www.bakeoff.org by July 25th.
• Anyone can participate in the competition.
Categories
• Pies, Cakes, and Cookies
• Each person can only enter one category.
미식 베이킹 대회
요리책을 꺼내 최고의 베이킹 레시피의 먼지를 털어내세요.
일시 및 장소
· 8월 3일 토요일 오후 5시 - 오후 7시
· Gourmet Baking Studio
참가 신청
· 7월 25일까지 www.bakeoff.org에서 온라인으로 신청하세요.
· 누구나 대회에 참가할 수 있습니다.
부문
· 파이, 케이크, 쿠키
· 참가자 한 명당 하나의 부문만 참가할 수 있습니다.
상 및 선물
· 각 부문별 최상위 3명에게는 상이 수여됩니다.
· 모든 참가자에게 기념품이 주어집니다.
내용일치(T/F)
24년 6월 모의고사 내용 및 지문 분석 고1
28.
Lesson Details
• Ice Hockey, Speed Skating, and Figure Skating
• Participants must be 8 years of age or older.
Fee
• Ice Hockey: $200
• Speed Skating / Figure Skating: $150
Notice
• Skates and helmets will be provided for free.
• You should bring your own gloves.
※ For more information, visit www.wintersports.com.
겨울 스포츠 프로그램
겨울이 옵니다! 같이 즐겨요!
시간 및 장소
· 12월 매주 일요일 오후 1시부터 오후 3시까지
· Grand Blue Ice Rink
강좌 세부 정보
· 아이스하키, 스피드 스케이팅, 피겨 스케이팅
· 참가자는 8세 이상이어야 합니다.
수강료
· 아이스하키: $200
· 스피드 스케이팅 / 피겨 스케이팅: $150
주의 사항
· 스케이트와 헬멧이 무료로 제공됩니다.
· 장갑은 각자 가져와야 합니다.
※ 더 많은 정보를 얻고자 한다면, www.wintersports.com에 방문하세요.
내용일치(T/F)
1. Participants need to be at least 8 years old to join the winter sports program.
2. The winter sports program is held every Saturday in December.
3. Participants must bring their own gloves, while skates and helmets are provided.
4. The fee for ice hockey is $150, and for speed skating or figure skating, it is $200.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T
24년 6월 모의고사 내용 및 지문 분석 고1
글의 The New Stone Age marked a major turning point, leading to the first towns and civilizations through
요약 agricultural settlements.
29.
★
제목 ― 신석기 시대: 농업의 시작과 정착된 문명으로 이어진 인류 발전의 중요한 전환점
글의주제대비> the transition from hunter-gatherer societies to agricultural settlements
the impact of agriculture on population density and early civilizations
[원문제목] The farming revolution (농업혁명)
글의제목대비> From Hunter-Gatherers to Farmers: The Impact of Agriculture on Human Development
The New Stone Age: How Agriculture Transformed Human Societies
-로 묘사되다
The huntergatherer lifestyle(주어), which can be described as “natural” to human beings,
appears(동사) [to have / to have had] much / to recommend it.
완료 부정사 =the huntergatherer lifestyle
[문장순서]
Examination(주어) of human remains(인간유적) from early huntergatherer societies [have / has]
suggested(동사) that our ancestors enjoyed abundant food, obtainable(후치수식) without excessive
effort, and suffered 병렬구조 very few diseases.
가주어 진주어
If this is true, it is not clear [why / what] so many humans settled in permanent villages and
developed agriculture, growing(분사구문1) crops and domesticating(분사구문2) animals: cultivating(주어)
fields was(동사) hard work, and it was in farming villages ③that epidemic diseases first took root.
강조구문 부사구 강조
This period(주어), known(후치수식) as the New Stone Age, was(동사) a major turning point(전환점)
in human development, opening(분사구문1) the way to the growth of the first towns and cities,
and eventually [led / leading](분사구문2) to settled “civilizations.”(정착된 문명)
* remains: 유적, 유해 ** epidemic: 전염병의
24년 6월 모의고사 내용 및 지문 분석 고1
글의 Saving for future consumption suggests a preference for delayed rewards, though individuals may prematurely use
요약 savings when faced with immediate desires 미래 소비를 위해 저축하는 것은 지연된 보상을 선호함을 시사하지만, 즉각적인
30. 욕구에 직면했을 때 저축을 조기 사용하기도 한다.
★★★
요지 ― 즉각적인 즐거움이나 보상에 대해서는 약한 의지력을 보여준다.
[원문제목] Weakness of Will Concerning Immediate Rewards (즉각적인 보상에 대한 의지력 약화)
필자의 주장: Future-oriented saving is common but vulnerable to immediate desires.
Many human and nonhuman animals save commodities or money / for future consumption.
물건, 상품
[문장순서]
This behavior seems to reveal a [reluctance / preference] of a delayed reward over(-보다) an
immediate one(=reward): the agent [gives up / prefers] some immediate pleasure / in exchange for
a future one(=pleasure). -을 위해, -와 바꾸기 위해
지금 당장 10,000원을 받을 수 있지만, 1년 후에 12,000원을 받을 수 있다면, 12,000원을 받는 것이 더 나은 선택일 수 있다.
여기서 1년 후에 받을 12,000원의 가치는 시간이 지남에 따라 할인된 가치가 있지만, 여전히 현재의 10,000원보다 더 큰 가치로
[문장넣기] 하락된 가치(할인가) 간주된다다. 이는 미래의 보상이 현재의 보상보다 더 큰 가치를 지니기 때문에, 즉각적인 만족을 포기하고 기다리는 것이
더 이득이라는 뜻이다.
Thus the discounted value(주어) of the future reward should be(동사) [greater / smaller] than the
undiscounted value of the present one(=reward). 어휘주의
★★★
For example, early in the year / an employee might set aside(=save) money / to buy Christmas
presents but then spend it on a summer vacation instead.
[문장넣기]
Such cases could be examples of (weakness of will). 빈칸주의
That is, the agents may judge or resolve to spend their savings in a certain way for the
greatest benefit / but then act differently / when (temptation for immediate pleasure) ⑤calls.
빈칸주의 =arises, comes about
* envision: 계획하다
많은 인간과 인간이 아닌 동물은 물건이나 돈을 미래의 소비를 위해 저축한다. 이러한 행동은 즉각적인 보상보다 지연된
보상을 선호하는 것을 드러내는 듯하다. 즉, 행위자는 미래의 보상을 위해 당장의 쾌락을 포기하는 것이다. 그러므로 미래
보상의 하락된 가치는 하락되지 않은 현재의 가치보다 더 커야만 한다. 그러나, 어떤 경우 행위자가 계획한 일을 기다리지
않고 그들의 저축을 조기에 사용하는 경우도 있다. 예를 들어, 연초에 한 직원이 자기 돈을 크리스마스 선물을 사기 위해
모아두었지만 대신 여름 휴가에 사용할 수 있다. 이러한 사례는 의지의 약함의 예시가 될 수 있다. 즉, 행위자는 그들의
저축을 가장 큰 이익을 위해 특정 방식으로 사용하기로 판단하거나 결심했으나 즉각적인 즐거움에 대한 유혹이
사라지면(→생기면) 다르게 행동할 수도 있다.
내용일치(T/F) >>>★★★
1. Saving behavior shows a consistent preference for immediate rewards, without regard for future benefits.
2. Premature use of savings can be seen as weakness of will, where immediate pleasure overrides long-term benefits.
3. Savings are always used as planned without succumbing to immediate temptations.
4. Both humans and animals often save resources for the future, indicating a preference for delayed rewards over immediate ones.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F
제목 ― 집중을 방해하는 결과에 관한 사례 글의제목대비> The Detrimental Effects of Interruptions on Productivity and Creativity
수동(태) 불가
Perhaps the most famous [literal / literate / literary] example happened in 1797 / when Samuel
Taylor Coleridge started writing(=to write) his poem Kubla Khan from a dream / (which or that)
he had (dreamed) / but then [was visited / visited](수동태) by an unexpected guest.
started와 병렬 어법주의 ★
For Coleridge, by coincidence, the [timely / untimely] visitor came / at a particularly bad time.
공교롭게도, (우연의) 일치로 ★어휘주의
He forgot his ([inspiration / perspiration]) / and left the work [unfinished / unfinishing].
빈칸주의
빈칸주의
While(-이지만) there are many documented cases of (sudden disruptions)(=interruptions) / that have
had significant consequences(심각한 결과) / for professionals in critical(중요한) roles / such as
doctors, nurses, control room operators, stock traders, and pilots, they(=sudden disrutpions) also
impact most of us in our everyday lives, slowing down work productivity and generally
[increasing / decreasing] stress levels.
* lament: 슬퍼하다
[이글 다음 원문 문장]
But interruptions can have benefits as well. (하지만 방해는 이익도 가져올 수 있다)
방해로 인한 대가는 잘 기록되어 있다. Martin Luther King Jr.는 “누군가 문을 두드리는 바람에 쓰여지지 못한 사랑스러운
시”를 묘사하며 이를 슬퍼했다. 아마도 가장 유명한 문학적 사례는 1797년 Samuel Taylor Coleridge가 꿈을 꾸고 Kubla
Khan이라는 시를 쓰기 시작했는데 뜻밖의 손님이 찾아왔을 때 일어났던 일일 것이다. 공교롭게도 Coleridge에게 이 불청객은
특히 좋지 않은 시기에 찾아왔다. 그는 영감을 잊고 작품을 미완성으로 남겼다. 의사, 간호사, 관제실 운영자, 주식 거래자,
조종사와 같은 중요한 역할을 담당하는 전문가들에게 심각한 결과를 초래한 갑작스러운 방해의 사례가 많이 기록되어 있지만,
갑작스러운 방해는 일상 생활에서 대부분의 사람들에게도 영향을 미쳐 업무 생산성을 떨어뜨리며 일반적으로 스트레스 수준을
높인다.
내용일치(T/F) ★
1. Martin Luther King Jr. described how interruptions can deterred creative work from being completed.
2. Interruptions can increase stress levels and decrease work productivity in everyday life.
3. Historical examples show that interruptions rarely affect the creative process of writers and artists.
4. Interruptions have minimal impact on the productivity of professionals in critical roles.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F
In animals rewarded(후치수식) for sharp eyesight, the ②visual areas are larger.
Brain scans of violinists provide more evidence, showing(분사구문) dramatic growth and
expansion in regions(선행사) of the cortex / that [represent / represents] 어법주의 the ③left hand
★★
(선행사), which has to finger the strings(현) precisely, often at very high speed.
손가락으로 짚다 ★★ Q> What change is observed in the brains of violinists?
A> 왼손을 나타내는 피질의 영역에서 극적인 성장과 확장이 있다.
Other studies have shown that the hippocampus(주어), which is vital for ④spatial memory, is
enlarged(동사) in taxi drivers.
물리적 구조
The point(요점) is that(접속사) (the physical architecture of the brain changes) 빈칸주의 /
according to where we direct our attention and what we practice [to do / doing].
* cortex: (대뇌) 피질(皮質) ** hippocampus: (대뇌 측두엽의) 해마
paraphrasing> 1. the structural organization of the brain undergoes(=experiences) transformation
2. The anatomical framework of the brain is altered
주의 집중이 뇌의 재구조화로 이어진다는 과학적 증거는 많이 있다. (예를 들어 사냥하거나 사냥감이 되는 것을 피하기 위해)
소리를 알아채는 것에 대한 보상을 받은 동물에서 우리는 뇌의 청각 중추가 훨씬 더 큰 것을 발견한다. 예리한 시력에 대한
보상을 받은 동물은 시각 영역이 더 크다. 바이올린 연주자의 뇌 스캔 결과는 더 많은 증거를 제공해서 종종 매우 빠른 속도로
현을 정확하게 켜야 하는 왼손을 나타내는 피질 영역의 극적인 성장과 확장을 보여준다. 다른 연구는 공간 기억에 필수적인
해마가 택시 운전사에게서 확대되는 것을 보여준다. 요점은 우리가 어디에 주의를 기울이고 무엇을 연습하느냐에 따라 뇌의
물리적 구조가 달라진다는 것이다.
내용일치(T/F) ★
1. The brain remains unchanged regardless of where we focus our attention.
2. The hippocampus is enlarged in taxi drivers, indicating the importance of spatial memory in their profession.
3. The physical architecture of the brain remains constant despite different practices and focused attention.
4. Violinists show no significant brain changes related to their practice.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F
Q> What is one possibility for how the human mind evolved?
[문장순서] A> 다른 인간 부족과의 경쟁과 갈등
One possibility is that ⑤competition and conflicts(동사) with other human tribes caused(동사)
our brains to evolve / the way they(=our brains) [did / were](대동사, =evolved). 어법주의
우리 두뇌가 진화한 방식대로
★어법주의
A human tribe(주어) / that(관.대) could outthink its enemies, even slightly, [possessed /
possessing](동사) a vital advantage. 더 낫게 생각하다
적대적인 적의 부족
The ability(주어) of your tribe to imagine and predict where and when a hostile enemy tribe
might strike, and plan accordingly, [gives / give / giving](동사) your tribe a significant military
I.O
advantage. imagine and predict와 병렬 ★★ 어법주의 상당한 군사적 우위
D.O
Q> What mental abilities provided a significant military advantage to a tribe?
(The human mind) became a weapon in the struggle for survival, = a weapon far more
[decisive / feeble] than any before it(=the human mind).
The tribe(주어) / that could outthink its opponents / was(동사1) more likely to succeed in battle
and would(동사2) then pass on the genes responsible for this mental advantage to its offspring.
물려주다 후치수식 pass on A to B, B에게 A를 물려주다
Q> Why is brainwriting especially effective in groups struggling with collective intelligence?
★
A> Brainwriting ensures all ideas and voices are considered, which helps surface and advance possibilities that might be overlooked.
인간의 생각은 어떻게 진화했을까? 한 가지 가능성은 다른 인간 부족과의 경쟁과 갈등이 우리 두뇌가 그렇게 진화하도록
했다는 것이다. 적보다 조금이라도 더 우수한 생각을 할 수 있는 인간 부족은 중요한 우위를 점했다. 적대적인 적 부족이 언제
어디서 공격할지 상상하고 예측하며 그에 따라 계획을 세울 수 있는 능력은 부족에게 상당한 군사적 우위를 가져다준다.
인간의 생각은 생존을 위한 투쟁에서 그 이전의 어떤 무기보다 훨씬 더 결정적인 무기가 되었다. 그리고 이러한 정신적 우위는
다음 세대에 걸쳐 계속해서 적용되었다. 상대보다 더 우수한 생각을 할 수 있는 부족은 전투에서 승리할 확률이 높았고,
이러한 정신적 우위를 담당하는 유전자를 자손에게 물려주었다. 당신과 나는 승자의 후손이다.
내용일치(T/F) ★★★
1. The author suggests that we are descendants of tribes that successfully out-thought and out-fought their opponents.
2. A tribe's ability to out-think its enemies provided a significant military advantage.
3. The evolution of the human mind was primarily driven by peaceful cooperation among tribes.
4. Human tribes that could predict and plan for enemy attacks were less likely to survive.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T
Next, you pool them and share them anonymously among the group.
= collect
[문장넣기]
only+부사 도치문장 다듬다
Only then [the team comes / does the team come] together / to select and refine the most
promising options. ★어법주의
구체화하다
By ①developing and assessing ideas individually / before choosing and elaborating them, teams
can [surface / conceal](=reveal) and advance possibilities / that(관.대) might not get attention
otherwise(다른 식으로는, 달리).
[문장넣기] (하지만)
This brainwriting process makes sure that(접속사) all ideas are brought to the table / and all
voices are brought into the conversation.
빈칸주의
It is especially effective in groups(선행사) that struggle to achieve (collective intelligence).
* anonymously: 익명으로 ** surface: 드러내다
내용일치(T/F) ★★★
1. Brainwriting involves generating ideas in a group setting before evaluating them individually.
2. Brainwriting ensures that only the best ideas are considered, excluding less promising ones from the start.
3. Brainwriting is less effective than brainstorming in groups struggling with collective intelligence.
4. Evaluating ideas independently in brainwriting helps preserve independent judgment.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F
One 2010 study(주어) at a manufacturing plant in Ohio, for instance, carefully examined(동사)
assemblyline workers / who [were empowered / empowered] to make small decisions / about
their schedules and work environment.
They(=workers) designed their own uniforms and had authority over shifts(근무 교대) / while all
the manufacturing processes and pay scales stayed the same.
Within two months, productivity at the plant increased by 20 percent, with workers [took /
taking] shorter breaks and [made / making] fewer mistakes. 분사구문의 부대상황
대단히 많은 자기 통제력
Giving(주어) employees a sense of (control) improved(동사) how much selfdiscipline they
brought to their jobs. 빈칸주의
* radically: 급격하게 ** shift: (근무) 교대
단순히 직원들에게 주인의식(그들이 통제하고 있다는 느낌, 진정한 의사 결정 권한이 있다는 느낌)을 주는 것만으로도 그들이
자신의 업무에 쏟는 에너지와 집중력을 급격하게 높일 수 있다. 예를 들어, 오하이오주의 한 제조 공장에서 진행된 2010년의
한 연구는 그들의 일정과 작업 환경에 대한 작은 결정 권한을 부여받은 조립 라인 근로자를 주의 깊게 살펴보았다. 그들은
그들 자신의 유니폼을 디자인했고, 근무 교대에 대한 권한을 가진 반면에, 모든 생산 과정과 임금 규모는 동일하게 유지되었다.
(결정이 합치되거나 조직의 목표 달성에 초점이 맞춰지지 않았기 때문에 그것은 효율성을 낮추는 결과를 낳았다.) 두 달 만에
직원들은 휴식 시간을 더 짧게 가졌고, 실수를 더 적게 하였으며, 그 공장의 생산성은 20퍼센트 증가했다. 자신들이 통제권을
쥐고 있다는 느낌을 직원들에게 부여한 것이 그들이 업무에 끌어들이는 자기 통제력을 향상시켰다.
내용일치(T/F) ★
1. Empowered assembly-line workers designed their own uniforms and controlled their work shifts.
2. Giving workers a sense of control had no effect on their break times or error rates.
3. Giving employees a sense of agency has minimal impact on their productivity and focus.
4. The study found no significant increase in productivity after workers were given more control.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T
As(-함에 따라) businesses shift some core business activities to digital, such as sales, marketing,
or archiving(기록보관), it is assumed that the impact on the environment will be less negative.
가주어 진주어
= menace
(B) However, digital business activities can still threaten the environment.
= perilous/ harmful
In some cases, the harm of digital businesses can be even more hazardous. = jeopardous/ dangerous
= risky
= still/ even/ far / a lot/ yet
A few decades ago, offices used to have much more paper waste / since(왜냐하면) all documents
어법대비: was used to have(x)/ used to having(x)
were paper based.
(C) When workplaces shifted from paper to digital documents, invoices(디지털 상품명세서), and
emails, it was a promising step / to save trees.
[문장넣기]
However, the cost(주어) of the Internet and electricity for the environment [are / is](동사)
[neglected / considered].
= overlooked/ disregarded/ ignored
대부분의 데이터 센터의 에너지원
A recent Wired report declared that most data centers’ energy source is fossil fuels.
[문장넣기] 증가된
(A) When we store bigger data on clouds, increased carbon emissions(주어) [make / makes](5형식
동사) our green clouds gray. - 친화경이라고 만든 (디지털) 클라우드를 먹구름으로 만든다 (비유적 표현)
- 디지털 비즈니스 활동이 환경에 해를 끼친다
The carbon footprint of an email is smaller than mail sent(후치수식) via a post office, but still,
it causes four grams of CO₂, and it can be as much as 50 grams / if the attachment is big.
첨부파일
기업이 영업, 마케팅, 파일 보관 등 일부 핵심 비즈니스 활동을 디지털로 전환함에 따라 환경에 미치는 영향이 덜 부정적일
것으로 예상된다. (B) 그러나 디지털 비즈니스 활동은 여전히 환경을 위협할 수 있다. 경우에 따라서는 디지털 비즈니스가
끼치는 해악이 훨씬 더 위험할 수 있다. 수십 년 전만 해도 사무실에서는 모든 문서가 종이로 작성되었기 때문에 종이
폐기물이 훨씬 더 많았다. (C) 직장에서 종이를 디지털 문서, (디지털) 송장, 이메일로 전환한 것은 나무를 보호할 수 있는
유망한 조치였다. 하지만 인터넷과 전기가 환경에 입히는 손실은 간과되고 있다. 최근 Wired의 보고서에 따르면 대부분의
데이터 센터의 에너지원은 화석 연료이다. (A) 클라우드에 더 많은 데이터를 저장할수록 탄소 배출량이 증가하여 녹색 구름을
회색으로 변하게 만든다. 이메일의 탄소 발자국은 우체국을 통해 보내는 우편물보다 적지만 여전히 4g의 이산화탄소를
유발하며 첨부 파일이 크면 50g에 달할 수 있다.
내용일치(T/F) ★
1. The energy source for most data centers is renewable energy.
2. The carbon footprint of an email is negligible compared to mail sent via a post office.
3. Businesses are aware of the environmental costs of the Internet and electricity when shifting to digital.
4. Shifting from paper to digital documents initially seemed promising for environmental conservation.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F
When the grey arrived from America in the 1870s, both squirrel species competed for the same
food and habitat, which put(과거동사) the native red squirrel populations under pressure.
개체군
=and it(앞 문장)
[문장넣기]
(A) The grey had the edge(=advantage) / because it can (adapt its diet) 빈칸주의; it is able, for
instance, to eat green acorns(덜 익은 도토리), while the red can only digest mature acorns(다 익은 도토리).
[문장넣기]
Within the same area of forest, grey squirrels can destroy the food supply / before red
squirrels even have a bite(한 입 =nibble).
[문장넣기] 빈칸주의
(C) Greys can also live more densely and in varied (habitats), so have survived more
[difficultly / easily] when woodland has been destroyed.
As a result, the red squirrel has come close to [extinction / distinction] in England.
거의 ~하게 되다
* edge: 우위 ** acorn: 도토리
외래종이 갑자기 생태계에 유입되면 문제가 종종 발생한다. (B) 영국의 붉은색 다람쥐와 회색 다람쥐가 명확한 예를 제공한다.
1870년대 미국에서 회색 다람쥐가 왔을 때, 두 다람쥐 종은 동일한 먹이와 서식지를 놓고 경쟁했고, 이것이 토종의 붉은
다람쥐 개체군을 압박했다. (A) 회색 다람쥐는 먹이를 조절할 수 있기 때문에 우위를 점했다. 예를 들어 회색 다람쥐는 설익은
도토리를 먹을 수 있는 반면, 붉은 다람쥐는 다 익은 도토리만 소화할 수 있다. 숲의 같은 지역 내에서 회색 다람쥐는 붉은
다람쥐가 한 입 먹기도 전에 식량 공급을 파괴할 수 있다. (C) 회색 다람쥐는 또한 더 밀집하며 다양한 서식지에서 살 수
있어서 삼림이 파괴되었을 때 더 쉽게 살아남았다. 그 결과, 붉은 다람쥐는 영국에서 거의 멸종 위기에 이르렀다.
내용일치(T/F)
1. Grey squirrels have a dietary advantage over red squirrels, as they can eat green acorns.
2. Red squirrels have adapted well to the presence of grey squirrels in England.
3. The destruction of woodland habitats has no impact on the survival of grey squirrels.
4. Both grey and red squirrels can live in the same habitat without affecting each other’s food supply.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F
[문장순서]
Hunter-gatherers typically moved around frequently, and they had to be able to carry all their
possessions with them / every time(=whenever) they moved.
[문장넣기] 4년 마다
As a result, hunter-gatherer mothers could have only one baby every four years or so(대략), /
[spacing / narrowing](분사구문, 간격을 두다) their births / so that they never had to carry more
than one child at a time.
[ Farmers, on the other hand, could live in the same place year after year / and did not have
to worry about [transforming / transporting] young children long distances. ]
Societies(주어) / that settled down in one place / were(동사) able to [lengthen / shorten] their
birth intervals / from four years to about two. 어휘주의
[문장넣기] 상대(편)
This meant that each woman could have more children than her hunter-gatherer counterpart,
which in turn(결국) resulted in (rapid population growth) 빈칸주의 / among farming communities.
농작물 재배는 사람들이 한곳에 머무르게 했다. 수렵 채집인들은 일반적으로 자주 이동해야 했고, 이동할 때마다 모든
소유물을 가지고 다닐 수 있어야 했다. 특히, 어머니들은 어린아이를 업고 이동해야 했다. 그 결과, 수렵 채집인 어머니들은
대략 4년마다 한 명의 아이만 낳을 수 있었고, 한 번에 한 명 이상의 아이를 업고 다닐 필요가 없도록 출산 간격을 두었다.
반면, 농부들은 매년 같은 장소에서 살 수 있었고 어린아이를 장거리 이동시켜야 하는 걱정을 하지 않아도 되었다. 한곳에
정착하게 된 사회는 출산 간격을 4년에서 약 2년으로 단축할 수 있었다. 이는 여성 한 명이 수렵 채집인인 상대보다 더 많은
아이를 낳을 수 있다는 것을 의미했고, 그 결과 그것은 농경 사회에서 급격한 인구 증가를 야기했다. 인구 증가는 실제로 농경
사회에 유리했는데, 왜냐하면 농사는 많은 인간의 노동력을 필요로 했기 때문이다.
내용일치(T/F)★★★
1. Sedentary farming allowed for more frequent childbirths, leading to rapid population growth.
2. The shift from hunter-gatherer to farming lifestyles reduced birth intervals from four years to about two years.
3. Farming communities saw a decline in population due to their sedentary lifestyle.
4. Hunter-gatherer mothers spaced their births about every two years to avoid carrying more than one child at a time.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F
Spending(주어) time as children allows(동사) animals to learn about their (environment). 빈칸주의
[문장순서] 갖추어져 있는 것
Without childhood, animals must rely more fully on hardware, and therefore be less flexible.
분사구문
Among migratory bird species, those(주어) / that are born knowing how, when, and where to
migrate — those / that are migrating entirely with instructions(지시, 주어진 지침) (which or that) they
were born with — sometimes [has / have](동사) very [efficient / inefficient] migration routes.
[문장넣기]
These birds, born(후치수식) knowing how to migrate, don’t adapt easily.
[문장넣기]
So when lakes dry up, forest becomes farmland, or climate change pushes(동사) breeding
grounds(번식지) farther north, those birds(주어) / that are born knowing how to migrate / [keeps
/ keep](동사) flying by the [old / new] rules and maps. 분사구문
[ By comparison, birds(주어1) with the longest childhoods, and those(주어2) that migrate with
their parents, tend(동사) to have the most efficient migration routes. ]
[문장넣기]
Childhood facilitates(동사) the passing on of (cultural information), and (culture) can evolve
[slower / faster] than genes. 빈칸주의 빈칸주의
동물은 유년기를 보내면서 환경에 대해 배울 수 있다. 유년기가 없으면, 동물은 하드웨어에 더 많이 의존해야 하므로 유연성이
떨어질 수밖에 없다. 철새 중에서도 언제, 어디로, 어떻게 이동해야 하는지를 알고 태어나는 새들, 즉 전적으로 태어날 때부터
주어진 지침에 따라 이동하는 새들은 때때로 매우 비효율적인 이동 경로를 가지고 있다. 이동 방법을 알고 태어난 새들은 쉽게
적응하지 못한다. 따라서 호수가 마르거나 숲이 농지로 바뀌거나 기후 변화로 번식지가 더 북쪽으로 밀려났을 때, 이동하는
방법을 알고 태어난 새들은 기존의 규칙과 지도를 따라 계속 날아간다. 이에 비해 유년기가 가장 길고 부모와 함께 이동하는
새는 가장 효율적인 이동 경로를 가지고 있는 경향이 있다. 유년기는 문화적 정보의 전달을 촉진하며, 문화는 유전자보다 더
빠르게 진화할 수 있다. 유년기는 변화하는 세상에서 유연성을 제공한다.
내용일치(T/F) ★★★
1. Cultural information passed during childhood evolves slower than genetic changes.
2. Animals without a childhood learning period rely more on innate abilities and are less flexible.
3. Childhood learning allows animals to be more flexible and adaptable to environmental changes.
4 Birds born with innate migration instructions have more efficient routes than those learning from their parents.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T
Over the last several decades, scholars have developed standards(표준, 기준) / for how best to
create, organize, present, and preserve digital information for future generations.
가정법 과거
This situation would be much improved / if more projects embraced the idea that(동격) we should
always keep the largest possible audience(장애인을 포함한 최대한 많은 사용자) in mind / as(-할 때) we
make design decisions, ensuring(분사구문) that our final product serves(=meeting) the needs of
those with disabilities as well as those without (disabilities).
→ The needs of people with disabilities have often been overlooked in digital projects, which
could be changed by adopting an inclusive design.
→ 장애가 있는 사람들의 요구는 디지털 프로젝트에서 종종 간과되어 왔으며, 이것은 포괄(포용)적인 디자인을 채택함으로
써 변화될 수 있다.
내용일치(T/F) ★★★
1. Scholars have fully addressed the needs of people with disabilities in digital information standards.
2. Many valuable digital resources are useless for people who are deaf, hard of hearing, or have vision impairments.
3. The passage argues that the needs of people with disabilities are always prioritized in digital information projects
4. Considering the needs of the largest possible audience can improve the accessibility of digital projects.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F
All humans(주어), to an extent(어느 정도), seek(동사) activities(선행사) / that cause a degree of pain
/ in order to experience pleasure, whether this is found in spicy food, strong massages, or
stepping into a toocold or toohot bath.
[문장순서]
The key is that it is a ‘(safe threat)’. 빈칸공통
Interestingly, this could be similar to the way humor(주어) works(동사): a ‘(safe threat)’ / that
causes pleasure / by playfully [obeying / violating] 어휘주의 norms. 빈칸공통
[문장넣기]
In this context, where survival is clearly not in danger, the desire for pain is actually the
desire / for a (reward), not (suffering or punishment). 빈칸주의
[문장넣기] 어휘주의
This rewardlike effect comes from the feeling of [discomfort / mastery] over the pain.
The closer you look at your chillieating habit, the more [remarkable / remarably] it seems.
When the active ingredient(활성성분) of chillies — capsaicin — touches the tongue, it stimulates
exactly the same receptor / that is activated when any of these tissues are burned(화상을 입다).
Knowing(주어) that our body is firing off danger signals, but that we are actually completely
safe, [producing / produces](동사) 어법주의 [threat / pleasure].
All children start off hating chilli, but many learn to derive(나오다, 유래하다) pleasure from it(=chilli)
/ through ①repeated exposure and ②knowing that they will never experience any real (d)harm.
Interestingly, (seeking pain for the pain itself) 빈칸주의 appears to be uniquely human.
The only way(주어) / (that 관.대) scientists have trained animals to have a preference for chilli or
to selfharm / [are / is](동사) to have(사역동사) the pain always directly [associate / associated]
with a pleasurable [harm / reward]. 어휘주의
- 동물들은 인간처럼 고통 그 자체를 위해 고통을 추구하지 않는다. 그래서 보상이 없으면 훈련시킬 수 없다.
내용일치(T/F) ★★★
1. Humans derive pleasure from spicy food by knowing they are safe despite the pain.
2. Humor works similarly to 'safe threats' by playfully violating norms and causing pleasure.
3. Animals naturally seek pain for its own sake, similar to humans.
4. Animals naturally develop a preference for chilli without any association with a pleasurable reward.
Quality Endures.
내용일치> 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F
43~45.
An airplane flew high above the deep blue seas far from any land. Flying the small plane was
a student pilot who was sitting alongside an experienced flight instructor. As the student
looked out the window, she was filled with wonder and appreciation for the beauty of the
world. Her instructor, meanwhile, waited [patient/ patiently] for the right time to start a
surprise flight emergency training exercise.
When the plane hit a bit of turbulence, the instructor pushed a hidden button. Suddenly, all
the monitors inside the plane flashed several times then went out completely! Now the student
was in control of an airplane [that/ what] was flying well, but she had no indication of [where
she was/ where was she] or where she should go. She did have a map, but no other
instruments. She was at a loss and then the plane shook again.
When the student began to panic, the instructor said, “Stay [calmly and steadily/ calm and
steady]. You can do it.” [Calm/ Calmly] as ever, the instructor told her student, “Difficult
times always happen during flight. The most important thing is to focus on your flight in
those situations.” Those words encouraged the student [to focus/ focusing] on flying the
aircraft first. “Thank you, I think I can make it,” she said, “As I’ve [training/ been trained ], I
should search for visual markers.”
Then, the student carefully flew [low enough/ enough low] to see [that/ if] she could find any
ships making their way across the surface of the ocean. Now the instructor and the student
could see some ships. [Despite/ Although] the ships were far apart, they were all sailing in a
line. With the line of ships in view, the student could see the way to home and safety. The
student looked at her in relief, who smiled proudly back at her student.
* turbulence: 난(亂)기류
내용일치(T/F)
1. The student pilot felt a sense of relief and gratitude towards the instructor at the end of the exercise.
2. The student pilot was able to navigate the plane safely by relying on visual markers.
3. The experienced flight instructor intentionally caused an emergency situation to test the student pilot.
4. The student pilot was filled with anxiety from the start of the flight due to the turbulence.