REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Juliano H. Arcuri ,Audrey Borghi - silva , Ivagi Labedessa and all study determine

validity and reliability of the Six Minute Step Test in normal individuals; a cross-

sectional study, in spirometery and respiratory physiotherapy laboratory, setting.

Participants are ninety one individuals [42 men and 49 women, mean age is 39

years] without any diagnosed diseases and with normal exercise capacity. In a

randomized order, participants had two 6MST one and two 6MWT on another

day. The Interclass Correlation Cofficient [ICC] and Bland- Altman Plot was used

to examine test-retest reliability by comparing the results of two 6MST. The

validity of 6MST was determined by comparing the results of 6MWT with e result

of 6MST utilizing Pearson Correlation Cofficient. The 6MST is reliable and valid

test and the number of steps may be predicted with moderate accuracy using

demographic and anthropometric data(1).

Joyce NF da Costa, Juliano F Arcuri, Ivana L Goncalves and all study goal is to

assess 6MST reproducibility in COPD patients . The test was conducted n a

single 20 cm height step, with volunteers asked to step up and down for six

minutes. Three different 6MST were performed by participants. With a 30 minute

interval, the first and second were controlled by the same accessor. One week

later, a new accessor was used to control the third test. One week later, a new

accessor was used to control the third test .The first and second test were used

for intra-rater comparison, and the best performance of the first two tests was

compared to the third test for Inter – Accessor comparison. Excellent intra-rater

and inter-rater relative was observed. When conducted by the same

accessor,6mst showed to be reproducible in COPD subjects(2)

David de Souza Francisco, Larissa Martinez , Aline Carleto Terrazas and all in

their study wanted to see if there was a difference in performance between

hospitalized elderly patients and healthy elderly people in the community in the

Six Minute Step Test [6MST] , Observational and Cross- Sectional study. 30

hospitalized and 15 healthy elderly individuals are the part of the study. The

patients were assessed on the first day with anthropometrics ,Handgrip Strength

[HGS] , Six Meter Gait Speed Test [6GST] ,and 6 Minute Step Test [6MST].

Patients on the second day had their body composition assessed before

breakfast. There is strong correlation between 6MST and 6GST, and moderate

correlation with HGS. The functional variable utilized in the diagnosis of

Sarcopenia exhibited convergent validity with 6MST. Furthermore, excellent test-

retest reliability was discovered, indicating the requirement for a single

assessment in elderly patients who are hospitalized.

Camila Porto Brito , Igor Guiterrez Moraes, Claudio Luders and all in their study

determine the association between knee extensors phase angle and peak torque

and performance in the Six Minute Step Test [6MST] , Observational, Cross-

Sectional study. 18 participants were included in the study. The volunteers had

an anthropometric evaluation and a biochemical test on the first day . The 6MST

was used to test exercise tolerance on the 2nd day. On the last day, isokinetic

dynamometry was used to assess the strength of the knee extensor muscles. The

performance in the 6MST was associated with phase angle and peak torque of

knee extensors(3).
Tulio Medina Dutra de Oiveria, Cristino Carnerio Oiveria , Vaness Salles

Albuquerque and all in their study goal was to examine healthy volunteer’s

performance, metabolic, hemodynamic, and perceived effort through out a Six

Mute Step Test [6MST] with a various step height , a Cross-Sectional study. 40

volunteer’s [20 men and 20 women] participated in the study. Anthropometric

measurements , physical performance and cardiovascular stress were assessed

in healthy participants aged 8 to 59 during a self paced 6MST with various step

heights ON the same day, all of the individuals were put through a three step test

[15cm, 20cm, 30cm ] in a randomized order. The highest step performance in the

test was mch lower than the step with the lowest height . The 6MST can be used

as an accurate instrument for testing aerobic capacity in healthy individuals

because a higher step causes more cardiovascular stress without surpassing the

test’s submaximal threshold(4).

da Costa CH, da Silva KM, Maiworm A, and all in there study their objective is to

see if healthy, sedentary volunteer’s heart rates stay below the estimated

submaximal level while performing the 6MST and the 6MWT and to subject’s

maximal heart rate at the end of each test, Observational and Cross-Sectional

study. 253 volunteer’s participated in the study aged between 20 to 80 years. The

6WT and 6MST were carried out in accordance with the American Thoracic

Society guidelines. The mean heart rate following the 6MST was substantially

greater than the mean heart rate following the 6MWT. In healthy people, the

6MST and 6MWT are safe and produce submaximal effort. The 6MST necessitate
more energy than the 6MWT(5)

Matheus Gustavo Silva Magalhaes, Juliana Baptista Teixeria, Ana Maria Bezerra

Santos and all study is about to construct validity and reproducibility of the 6MST

in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea[OSA] who are receiving Continuous

Positive Airway Pressure[CPAP].They evaluated 48 participants diagnosed with

OSA and treated with CPAP for at least two months. The volunteer’s took the

6MST and 6MWT I random order and on different days, with a seven day delay

between the two tests. The distance walked on the 6MWT and the number of

stairs climbed on the 6MST had a moderate positive correlation. The 6MSTis a

valid and reproducible producing greater cardiovascular stress than the

6MWT.The 6MST is also known as Submaximal Test for assessing the exercise

tolerance In people with OSA having CPAP.

R.S. Marinho, S.P. Jurgensen , J.F.Arcuri and all I their study assess 6MST

Reliability and Validity in heart failure patients. Heart Failure With Reduced

Ejection Fraction [HFrEF] participants who were clinically stable were included in

the study. By comparing first and second 6MST reliability and error

measurements were calculated. Intra-rater reliability was excellent for 6MST

Furthermore, there are substantial links between the number of steps and the

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test [CPET] workload. The 6MST was found to be

reliable and valid technique for assessing functional capacity in HFrEF subjects,

as well as a modest predictor of peak workload and oxygen intake during a

CPET(6).
1. Arcuri JF, Borghi-Silva A, Labadessa IG, Sentanin AC, Candolo C, Di Lorenzo VAP. Validity

and reliability of the 6-minute step test in healthy individuals: A Cross-sectional study.

Clin J Sport Med. 2016;26(1):69–75.

2. da Costa JNF, Arcuri JF, Gonçalves IL, Davi SF, Pessoa B V., Jamami M, et al.

Reproducibility of cadence-free 6-minute step test in subjects with COPD. Respir Care.

2014;59(4):538–42.

3. Brito CP, Moraes IG, Luders C, de Brito CMM, Yamaguti WP. Relationship of phase angle

and peak torque of knee extensors with the performance in six-minute step test in

haemodialysis patients. BMC Nephrol. 2021;22(1):1–9.

4. de Oliveira TMD, Oliveira CC, Albuquerque VS, Santos MR, Fonseca DS, José A, et al.

Performance, metabolic, hemodynamic, and perceived exertion in the six-minute step

test at different heights in a healthy population of different age groups. Motriz Rev Educ

Fis. 2021;27.

5. da Costa CH, da Silva KM, Maiworm A, Raphael Y, Parnayba J, Da Cal M, et al. Can we use

the 6-minute step test instead of the 6-minute walking test? An observational study.

Physiother (United Kingdom) [Internet]. 2017;103(1):48–52. Available from:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2015.11.003

6. Marinho RS, Jürgensen SP, Arcuri JF, Goulart CL, Dos Santos PB, Roscani MG, et al.

Reliability and validity of six-minute step test in patients with heart failure. Brazilian J

Med Biol Res. 2021;54(10):1–9.