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IMCAM109-vf1bap
IMCAM109-vf1bap
IMCAM109-vf1bap
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Version History
Date Reason Revision
December 2023 Reviewed and upgraded to a Recommended Practice in 2023 as part of the Rev. 4.0
IMCA Governance strategy.
Language and phrasing updated to reflect current Industry thinking.
October 2020 Minor Amendment to Section 4 Rev. 3.1
January 2019 Review and update Rev. 3
June 2016 Review and update Rev. 2
February 2006 Review and update of 109 DPVOA IMCA M 109 Rev. 1
1993 Initial publication 109 DPVOA
Recommended Practice to DP-Related Documentation for DP Vessels
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 History of This Document ................................................................................................................ 5
1.2 Scope................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.3 Objective .......................................................................................................................................... 5
2 Abbreviations Used ............................................................................................................ 6
3 General DP System Documentation on DP Vessels .............................................................. 7
3.1 Certification, Official Documentation and Standard Guidance ....................................................... 7
3.1.1 Statutory and Classification Documents ............................................................................. 7
3.1.2 Safety and Management ..................................................................................................... 7
3.1.3 Operational Manuals and Contractual Standards ............................................................... 8
3.1.4 Quality and Inspection......................................................................................................... 8
3.1.5 Manufacturer’s Manuals ..................................................................................................... 9
4 Recommendations Regarding DP Operational Documentation .......................................... 10
4.1 Interface Document ....................................................................................................................... 10
4.2 DP Operations Manual ................................................................................................................... 10
4.2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 10
4.2.2 Organisation and Responsibility ........................................................................................ 10
4.2.3 Vessel Data ........................................................................................................................ 11
4.2.4 DP Philosophy .................................................................................................................... 12
4.2.5 DP Design Philosophy ........................................................................................................ 12
4.2.6 DP System Description ...................................................................................................... 12
4.2.7 Standing Orders Regarding DP Operations ....................................................................... 12
4.2.8 Activity and Well-Specific Operating Guidance (ASOG/WSOG) ........................................ 13
4.2.9 DP Guidelines..................................................................................................................... 14
4.2.10 Capability Plots .................................................................................................................. 14
4.2.11 DP Checklists (Bridge and Engine Room)........................................................................... 15
4.2.12 Field Arrival Trials .............................................................................................................. 15
4.2.13 Onboard Checklists ............................................................................................................ 15
4.2.14 DP Trials Procedure ........................................................................................................... 16
4.2.15 Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) ......................................................................... 16
4.2.16 DP Station Keeping Event Reporting Policy ....................................................................... 17
4.3 Vessel Operations Manual ............................................................................................................. 18
4.4 Activity Specific Operating Guidelines (ASOG) – (Decision Support Tool)..................................... 19
4.5 Logs ................................................................................................................................................ 20
4.6 Operational Files ............................................................................................................................ 21
4.6.1 Special Considerations:...................................................................................................... 22
4.7 Manufacturers’ Manuals ............................................................................................................... 23
4.8 Planned Maintenance .................................................................................................................... 23
1 Introduction
This document is a review and update of 1993 IMCA publication 109 DPVOA.
The IMCA's framework for competence assurance and assessment schemes, the Common Marine
Inspection Document (CMID), the International Safety Management (ISM) Code, and lessons learned
were incorporated into the 2004 guidance.
The document was revised in 2016. This recognised activity-specific operating guidelines (ASOG) and
operational and emergency drills. It also recommended keeping records of DP familiarisation and
key DP personnel training. DP operations guidance from IMCA has also been updated.
In June 2017, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) updated IMO MSC/Circ. 645, Guidelines
for Vessels and Units with Dynamic Positioning (DP) Systems, and issued IMO MSC/1580. The latest
IMO document covers vessels built after June 2017, while the previous one covered DP vessels built
after 1994. Section 4 of the latest document, "Operational Requirements," is an exception that
should be "applied to all new and existing vessels and units, as appropriate." IMO MSC.1/Circ. 1580
references in this IMCA guidance apply to all DP vessels unless otherwise stated because the new
IMO document contains much of the same content.
This document Rev. 4 has been reviewed and upgraded to a Recommended Practice in 2023 as part
of the IMCA Governance strategy.
1.2 Scope
1.3 Objective
The primary objective is to provide a useful guide and checklist of DP documentation for DP vessels,
both for those on board the vessels and those ashore.
2 Abbreviations Used
ASOG Activity specific operating guidelines
CMID Common Marine Inspection Document (IMCA M149)
CV Curriculum vitae
DGPS Differential global positioning system
DOC Document of compliance
DOT Department of Transport (USA)
DP Dynamic positioning
DPVOA Dynamic Positioning Vessels Owners Association
FMEA Failure modes and effect analysis
IMCA International Marine Contractors Association
IMO MSC International Maritime Organization Maritime Safety Committee
ISM International Safety Management
NMD Norwegian Maritime Directorate
NORMAM Brazilian Navy Directorate of Ports and Coasts
ROV Remotely operated vehicle
SMC Safety management certificate
SOLAS International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
UPS Uninterruptible power supply
USCG United States Coast Guard
WSOG Well specific operating guidelines
The following list contains the fundamental certification and guidelines that are relevant to DP and are
typically maintained on board vessels and in the operators’ company offices.
These documents serve as the foundation of compliance, safety, efficiency, and quality assurance, aligning
with international maritime standards and regulations. The following sections provide a detailed and
structured overview of the essential documents required for DP operations.
These documents validate the vessel’s compliance with international standards and
regulations:
DP Classification certificates: Certifies the vessel’s conformity to recognised DP
standards, reflecting its suitability for specific DP operations.
ISM document of compliance (DOC) or interim DOC: Evidence that the ship
management company complies with the International Safety Management (ISM) Code,
with the original maintained in the company’s office and a copy available on board.
ISM safety management certificate (SMC) or interim SMC: Confirms the vessel’s
adherence to the ISM Code and the approved Safety Management System (SMS),
specific to each vessel.
Relevant statutory instruments: Encompasses applicable national and international
regulations, ensuring lawful maritime operations.
These manuals provide detailed information on all components, systems, and subsystems:
Component Manuals: Detailed guides for individual components, including operation,
maintenance, and specifications.
System Manuals: Covering integrated systems such as DP, energy, communication, and
other vital systems, with an overview of operation, component interactions, and
troubleshooting.
Subsystem Manuals: Specific to subsystems or modules within larger systems.
Software and Firmware Documentation: Information on software or firmware,
including updates and version history.
Maintenance and Troubleshooting Guides: Step-by-step procedures for regular
maintenance and specific troubleshooting.
Additional Notes
Digital Accessibility: In alignment with modern digital practices, digital copies of these
documents must be maintained, ensuring accessibility, searchability, and backup.
Regular Updates: It’s essential to periodically review and update all documents to reflect
changes in international regulations, technological advancements, and operational
modifications.
The DP operations manual ideally only contains information necessary for operating the vessel whilst
under DP control. The following structure is recommended.
4.2.1 Introduction
Information relating to the purpose of the manual and an index of the contents.
Outlined below are the roles and their respective responsibilities, ensuring alignment with
global standards of safety, efficiency, and regulatory compliance:
Office Management: Responsible for the overarching coordination of both
administrative functions and maritime operations, ensuring alignment with
international standards.
Superintendents: Tasked with the supervision of technical, operational, and safety
aspects, ensuring that operations align with global maritime regulations.
Operations Managers: Oversee the strategic planning, execution, and monitoring of DP
operations, ensuring that they meet or exceed international benchmarks.
Master: Holds the ultimate authority on the vessel, ensuring overall safety, navigation,
and compliance with international maritime laws.
DP Operators: Specialised in the operation, monitoring, and control of the DP system,
ensuring its optimal performance and safety.
Chief Engineer: Leads the vessel’s technical department, ensuring the safety and
efficiency of machinery and systems onboard.
Watchkeeping Engineers: Tasked with the continuous monitoring, maintenance, and
safety assurance of engineering systems.
DP Electrical and Electronics Technicians: Oversee the maintenance, troubleshooting,
and safety of DP-related electrical and electronic systems, ensuring they meet
international standards.
Company DP Authority: Holds overarching responsibility for DP operations’ governance
and standardisation across the fleet. Ensures compliance with international regulations,
drive continuous improvement, and serve as the primary liaison for regulatory bodies
and industry groups.
Project Manager: Coordinates, plans, and oversees specific maritime projects, ensuring
they align with international standards and company objectives.
Company Representative: Acts as the bridge between the vessel and the company,
ensuring operations align with organisational policies and international standards.
Driller: Supervises, ensures safety, and operates drilling equipment, adhering to global
safety and operational standards.
Toolpusher: Manages the drilling crew and equipment, ensuring operations are in line
with safety protocols and international regulations.
Offshore Manager (OM): Holds a key role in safeguarding safety, efficiency, and
adherence to global standards in all offshore operations, including oil and gas and
renewables, such as offshore wind farm operations.
Field Co-Ordinator: Within an offshore wind farm the field co-ordinator is responsible
for coordinating all vessel movements, cargo and personnel transfers within the field
This section defines the lines of command and responsibilities, for example:
On the Vessel: A clear hierarchy and reporting structure are maintained onboard,
ensuring operations are in line with international maritime regulations.
Between Vessel and Shore Office: Defined coordination and communication protocols
are established, ensuring seamless operations and alignment between the vessel and
shore-based management.
In the Shore Office: The organisational structure, responsibilities, and compliance
mechanisms are clearly outlined, ensuring alignment with global maritime standards.
The basic information about the vessel relevant to DP operations, for example:
a one-page simple diagram clearly showing the location of:
− thrusters
4.2.4 DP Philosophy
An overall description of the DP and periphery systems on the vessel, which also includes:
control and display information
a description of available position referencing systems
a simple line diagram of the DP system specific to the vessel and including all of the
modifications to it
reference to DP manufacturers’ manuals, which are recommended to be vessel-specific
simple line diagram of power distribution system and ups
description of propulsion system, power production and distribution, thrusters, thrust
affected zones, diver umbilical lengths
description of monitoring and alarms
communication systems matrix
DP system operation
description of procedure for operating the DP system
description of procedure for setting vessel up prior to going into DP mode, entering DP
mode, maintaining DP mode and coming out of DP mode.
Tailored guidelines for specific activities or well operations, ensuring precision and relevance
in operations (as per IMCA M220). Describes action to be taken in various operational
scenarios, for example:
Change in DP Status: Procedures for managing and communicating alterations in DP
operational status.
Proximity Protocols: Safety measures and distance regulations when near installations,
other vessels, SIMOPS, or obstructions.
Operational Movement: Guidelines for controlled movement when the vessel is in DP
mode.
Environmental Considerations: Protocols for operations in limited visibility and other
deteriorating environmental conditions.
Power Management: Guidelines for scenarios where full thruster power is used.
System Redundancy: Emergency response and backup protocols for loss of redundancy
in DP systems.
Handling Excursions: Procedures for managing unexpected position and or heading
deviations or movements.
4.2.9 DP Guidelines
Contains the company’s operational guidelines specific to DP, reflecting the latest
industry practices and compliance with relevant statutory requirements and industry
standards. This includes adherence to international and national regulations, such as
IMO, DOT, NMD, USCG, IMCA, and NORMAM.
Details guidelines and recommended practices relevant to the vessel and explains
company’s policy regarding these documents.
References flag state guidance, regulations and official notices.
− Thrust Utilisation Envelopes: These plots focus on the vessel’s thrust usage under
various scenarios, offering insights into the efficiency and effectiveness of the
propulsion systems.
Wherever possible, actual operational data should be integrated into these plots to provide
a real-world perspective on the vessel’s DP performance, enhancing the accuracy and
reliability of the capability assessment. For a comprehensive understanding and further
details, reference should be made to IMCA M140.
A pre-defined programme of tests and checks to be performed prior to the entry into the
area of operation that are designed to confirm the performance of the DP system and can
validate and verify the configuration of the system for the immediate activity.
Before the vessel approaches within 500 meters of an installation or enters the area of
operation, a comprehensive series of tests and checks are to be conducted to ensure the
optimal operation of the DP system. This encompasses:
full functional checks of thrusters, power generation, auto DP, and joystick/manual
controls
verification of the DP system setup in alignment with the designated DP capability class,
including bridge manning requirements
documentation of these checks, which must be retained onboard the vessel
these trials should be repeated if the vessel returns to the field after an absence of more
than 24 hours.
This section provides a structured framework for Dynamic Positioning (DP) Annual Trials,
ensuring a rigorous and comprehensive examination of the vessel’s DP system in alignment
with international legislative standards:
Reference to IMCA M190 Guidance for Developing and Conducting DP Annual Trials
Programmes and IMCA M191 Code of practice for DP annual trials for mobile offshore
drilling units serves as the foundational reference for these trials. It provides a detailed
framework, ensuring uniformity, precision, and comprehensiveness in all evaluations. Key
definitions from IMCA M190 include:
Rolling Tests: Tests on specified components or systems that have been identified as
not being required annually but should be completed within a five-year period.
Note: Rolling tests are not simply a percentage sample of the overall DP Annual Trials
programme and must be clearly defined within the programme.
Independent Witness: A sufficiently qualified and experienced individual removed from
the day-to-day operational control of the vessel. The independent witness should be
accredited according to the IMCA DP Practitioner Accreditation Scheme.
Trials Co-ordinator: An individual responsible for the co-ordination of the DP Annual
Trials programme. Preferably the Company DP Authority or their delegate.
Other Trials: This section also encompasses procedures for specialised or additional
trials pertinent to the vessel or its specific operations. Such trials ensure the DP system’s
adaptability and resilience across a myriad of operational scenarios.
Documented records of these trials should be meticulously maintained onboard for crew
reference and be readily available to charterers upon request. Furthermore, the continued
validity of the flag state verification and acceptance document (FSVAD) and DP verification
and acceptance document (DPVAD) should be assessed.
Contains latest version of FMEA including company’s comments and history of previous
FMEAs. Refers to any relevant additional updates and modifications carried out. In most
cases, updates and modifications may also necessitate the update of related documentation,
including DP Annual Trial Programmes, DP Operations Manuals, and Decision Support Tools,
such as ASOG.
Reference to IMCA M166 and IMO MSC.1/Circ. 1580: The “Guidance on Failure Modes and
Effects Analysis (FMEA) (IMCA M166)” and the “Guidelines for Vessels and Units with
Dynamic Positioning Systems (IMO MSC.1/Circ. 1580)” serve as foundational references for
this section. The latter, issued in June 2017, updated the previous IMO MSC/Circ. 645 and is
applicable to vessels built on or after June 2017. It provides a systematic definition of FMEA
and emphasises the importance of FMEA proving trials. The document also underscores the
need for an FMEA for equipment classes 2 and 3, ensuring that no single failure results in a
loss of position or heading.
Contains detailed reporting procedure to be followed after a DP event and details the scope
of DP station keeping event information that should be retained. The policy would need to
specify which data is to be captured and preserved, as well as the manner of reporting and
the length of time documents are kept and/or who they are delivered to.
Different areas of operation, vessel owners, charterers, operators, clients and other parties
involved all could have different jurisdictional and/or administrational requirements
different types of operations might also affect the range of documents retained and the
length of time they are required to be held.
Investigation of even minor station keeping events can require input of a larger amount of
detail than might primarily appear necessary. It could be worthwhile to have a standard
approach to all incidents. Company guidance could include, for example:
ensuring proper completion of logs
who to report to and when
identifying the personnel required to complete a report
the scope and style of a station keeping event report with a draft example.
The detail of information required, which, depending on the knowledge of the witness, could
include, but not necessarily be limited to:
witness’s own details, what their position is on the vessel, age, home address,
experience, qualifications, time spent on vessel, how many days on board prior to the
event
vessel details (see note below)
broad description of operation being undertaken
description of witness’s part in the operation, their location, responsibilities, etc.
Descriptions of equipment/machinery being used by the witness, controls available, etc.
other personnel at the witness’s location
positions of vessels, structures, etc.
details of any courses/headings/tracks and speeds made good/through water of own
and/or other vessels
Note: Regarding vessel details – all of the vessel’s details might not be relevant to every
incident, but they can prove helpful in incident reporting. At least the following should be
considered:
vessel name
broad description of type (‘dive support’, etc.)
length, breadth, and service (loaded) draught
number of propulsion propellers
number and disposition of thrusters
steering systems
navigational equipment
engine/thruster controls
relevant deck equipment involved – winches, windlasses, cranes, etc.
This manual describes the vessel operations external to the DP system. Any reference to the DP
system should reference the DP operations manual. It is mentioned in this guidance because it will
contain information that is relevant to the use of DP, depending on the operations anticipated for
the particular vessel, for example:
Dive Support: Procedures and safety measures for underwater operations
Well Servicing: Maintenance, repair, and optimisation of oil or gas wells
Trenching: Techniques and equipment used for subsea trench creation
Cable Laying: Procedures for deploying underwater cables for communication or power
transmission
Pipe Laying: Deployment of subsea pipelines for fluid or gas transport
ROV Operation: Utilisation of Remotely Operated Vehicles for various underwater tasks
Shuttle Tanker Operations: Transfer of crude oil from offshore oil fields to onshore refineries
Survey: Conducting marine surveys for various purposes, including geological and
environmental
Dredging & Rock Dumping: Excavation and removal of sediments from the seabed and
subsequent rock placement
Helicopter Operations: Procedures for safe helicopter take-off, landing, and operations in
maritime environments
Crane Operations: Safe and efficient use of onboard cranes for lifting and moving heavy objects
Heavy Lift Operations: Handling and transportation of oversized cargo or equipment
Wind Farm Operations: Procedures and safety measures for the installation and maintenance
of offshore wind turbines
Rig Moves: Safe and efficient relocation of drilling rigs
Supply Operations: Procedures for the transfer of goods, equipment, and personnel between
vessels or between a vessel and an offshore installation
Other Station Keeping & Subsea/Construction Activities: Encompassing a range of tasks related
to maintaining a vessel’s position and various subsea construction tasks
Navigation and Docking: Best practices and procedures for safely navigating and docking the
vessel in various conditions.
An ASOG defines the operational, environmental and equipment performance limits for the location
for the specific activity the vessel is undertaking. The performance limits are established based on
the level of risk. A DP vessel may have a number of different ASOG, each applying to different
locations, activities and levels of risk.
Field Specific Operating Guidelines (FSOG) and Location Specific Operating Guidelines (LSOG)
denote equivalent concepts as applied by specific offshore sectors.
Presentation and Interpretation: Typically, the ASOG is structured in a tabular format,
employing a color-coded traffic light system. This visual representation facilitates fast and
accurate interpretation of status changes, ensuring timely responses.
Incorporation of Worst-Case Scenarios: A robust ASOG is underpinned by a thorough
understanding of the Worst-Case Failure Design Intent (WCFDI) and the documented Worst Case
Failure (WCF). This foundational knowledge enables the inclusion of diverse configurations,
especially those pertinent to Task Appropriate Mode (TAM) and Critical Activity Mode (CAM).
Predictable Failure Effects: The ASOG benefits from insights derived from the Failure Modes
and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Proving Trials and subsequent Annual DP Trials. By understanding
and documenting the predictable outcomes of potential failures, the ASOG becomes a more
resilient and reliable tool for operational guidance.
For further understanding of operational activity planning within the context of ASOG, refer to the
IMCA M220 Guidance on Operational Activity Planning.
4.5 Logs
Definition of a log: A log refers to a record or entry of events, actions, transactions, or occurrences
that are systematically recorded in chronological order. It is often used to maintain a historical record
of activities, changes, or data points. Logs are widely used in various fields such as technology,
science, business, and more.
This section provides guidance for describing which logs are compiled whilst in DP and what
information they would contain. This could include, but not be limited to:
DP log describing times and dates of various DP operations, such as, for example:
− vessel going into DP
− diving or other operations requiring DP, for example:
- times of diving bells leaving surface and reaching working depth
- times of divers leaving/entering diving bell and reaching/leaving worksite
- instructions that were received from dive/subsea operation control
− other relevant activities depending on type of operation (for example, as listed in
Section 4.3)
− key DP personnel coming on/going off shift
− faults occurring in DP system(s)
− times and details of connecting lines to installations.
Diving Operations: Detailed logs capturing:
− times of diving bells departing the surface and achieving working depth.
− timestamps of divers transitioning from and to the diving bell, and their movements to and
from the worksite.
− instructions relayed from dive/subsea operation control.
− DP Mobilisation, Field Arrival, and Trials Procedures: Including Bridge and Engine Room
records.
− DP Location and Watchkeeping Checklists: Maintained for the period set by the
owner/operator.
Incident Reports:
− DP Incident Reports: Comprehensive documentation detailing all DP-related incidents,
encompassing thorough investigations, findings, corrective actions taken, and the
subsequent close-out procedures. These reports serve as a critical reference for enhancing
safety protocols, understanding vulnerabilities, and ensuring continuous improvement in
DP operations.
− DP Fault Log: Permanent records related to the DP system.
Data Logging and Alarm Records:
− DP Data Logging: Electronic records kept for the period set by the owner/operator.
− DP Alarm Printer Readouts: Hard copy records maintained on board.
Personnel Records and Training:
− DP Familiarisation and Competency Records: For All key DP Personnel.
− CVs and Vessel-specific Experience Records: Including copies of certification, qualifications,
and DP watchkeeping hours for all key DP personnel.
Maintenance and Analysis Records:
− Maintenance File: Records of all maintenance on the DP system and related equipment,
including sensors.
− Engine and Thruster Records: Operating hours, lube oil and fuel oil analysis, and
maintenance of power switchboards and communication systems.
Digital and Remote Logging Systems:
− Integration with Platforms like Information Management Systems, and Fleet Management
applications: Enabling automated entries, remote access, data security, and environmental
efficiency.
The above documentation ensures robust, resilient, and transparent DP operations, aligning
with evolving industry guidance and demonstrating a commitment to continuous
improvement and adherence to global best practices.
Each DP vessel is likely to have, as a minimum, the following manufacturers’ manuals available on
board in the vicinity of the DP operations room, in the appropriate language and where possible
vessel-specific:
DP system manufacturer’s operating manual
DP system manufacturer’s maintenance guide
DP system manufacturer’s fault-finding chart
DP sensor operation and maintenance manual
operating and maintenance manuals for other relevant navigational aids.
The following manuals are also recommended to be vessel specific, available on the vessel in the
appropriate language and where they can be accessed quickly by the personnel who will need them:
power management system operation and maintenance manual
UPS system operation and maintenance manual
engine operation and maintenance manuals
engine spare parts manuals
thruster operation and maintenance manuals
thruster spare parts manuals
switchboard operation and maintenance manual
operation and maintenance manuals for all engineering equipment on board vessel
operation and maintenance manuals for the communication systems
documents showing hardware and software version numbers of relevant systems
appropriate back-up copies of software where possible.
DP vessels will have a planned maintenance system to comply with the ISM Code. The planned
maintenance system could include but not be limited to the following:
DP System Maintenance: Regular checks, calibrations, and updates to ensure optimal
performance and seamless integration with other onboard systems.
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS): Routine maintenance to ensure continuous power supply,
especially during critical operations.
Power Management System (PMS): Regular monitoring and optimisation of power distribution
to ensure energy efficiency and minimise operational downtimes.
Switchboards: Periodic inspections and maintenance of electrical switchboards to prevent
electrical failures and ensure seamless power distribution.
Engine Room Equipment: Comprehensive checks of all machinery and systems within the engine
room to ensure smooth operations and prevent unforeseen breakdowns.
Auxiliary Systems: Routine checks of all supporting systems that aid the primary operations of
the vessel, ensuring they function optimally and in harmony with other systems.
Records of all maintenance and modifications carried out on these systems should be readily
available.
Drawings should be available on the vessel describing the layout of all systems including all
modifications that have been made. Such schematic drawings could include, but not be limited to:
DP systems
alarm systems
position referencing systems (PRSs)
power production systems
Relevant duplicate drawings should be made available at the DP operations room and/or on
computer as well as in the relevant company office.
An index on the vessel and in the company, office detailing all the documentation kept and its
location in order that the information can be accessed easily when required. This could be kept in
both electronic and/or hard copy formats. A system should be established to update documents
when modifications or equipment changes are made.
IMCA S023 Guidelines on the shared use of sensors for survey and positioning purposes
Visit the IMCA website at www.imca-int.com for a list of all current guidance and to identify what
other documents might apply to the specific vessel/operations.
6 References
IMCA C002 Guidance on Competence Assurance and Assessment: Marine Division
IMCA M140 Specification for DP capability plots
IMCA M149 Common Marine Inspection Document
IMCA M166 Guidance on failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)
IMCA M190 Code of Practice for Developing and Conducting DP Annual Trials Programmes
IMCA M220 Guidance on Operational Activity Planning