Case Study Report - 1 Topic - Introduction, Significance and Challenges of Sustainability Jan 2022

Title of Report: Plastic Carry Bags for food packaging application

Name(s) and Student ID(s) of Contributor(s)

Name of the Student Register Number Role of Contribution

N.Lohith Reddy 99210041598 Made PPT
MD.Imran 99210041474 Made case study report
M Dinesh 9921004924 Gathered information
M.V.Sanjaykumar 99210041579 Gathered information
Reddy
M Prasanth Reddy 99210041398 Gathered images

Date: 04.02.2022
Name of Instructor: Mr.M.Ramaganesh
Course Name and Code: 211MEC1401 - Sustainable Design and Manufacturing
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 Deadline:

Start & End Dates Activity Complete?

Friday, 4th February Plan your approach, read the assignment instructions, and case study thoroughly

Conduct the research that is needed

Conduct and draft your analysis

Create your alternatives and decision criteria and draft these sections

Draft your recommendations and implementation plan

Draft your introduction

Draft your conclusion

Draft your executive summary

Edit your work for macro and micro writing issues (e.g., Munter & Hamilton, 2014)

Include buffer before the deadline due to potential online submission errors, etc.

Monday, 21th February Submit final copy

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 Presentation components for the evaluation of case study report as per RUBRICS

Date & time of presentation: Group

No:

Assessment metric (1 to 3 scale)

Presentation Component Comments by the faculty
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

Introduction

Outline of Your Presentation

Summary of Your Recommendation

Analysis

Alternative and Decision Criteria

Recommendation and implementation plan

Conclusion

Questions and Answer period

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 Table of Contents

Title of Report ................................................................................................................ I

Case Study Report Format ............................................................................................ II

Case Study Report ........................................................................................................ III

Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... 1

Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 3

Alternatives ....................................................................................................................6

Recommendation and Implementation Plan .................................................................. 8

Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 10

Expected outcomes ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

References .................................................................................................................. 112

Case Study Report - 1 Topic - Introduction, Significance and Challenges of Sustainability Jan 2022

Executive Summary
This case study report aims to answer the following questions:

 What is the purpose of using electric cars?

 How the electric cars are manufactured?
 What are the problems faced by means of using normal cars?
 Whether the electric cars are properly disposed of after its end-of-life (EOL)?

1.1 Purpose of the Product:

Electric vehicles use electricity to charge their batteries instead of using fossil fuels like petrol
or diesel. Electric vehicles are more efficient, and that combined with the electricity cost means
that charging an electric vehicle is cheaper than filling petrol or diesel for your travel
requirements.

Fig: 1.1 – Electric cars

1.2 Process of making Electric cars:

Every electric car that is made starts with a design by the manufacturer. Because an electric car
has a limited storage capacity, it is essential that the manufacturers design the car using as many
light-weight materials as possible. It is important that they incorporate safety measures because

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Case Study Report - 1 Topic - Introduction, Significance and Challenges of Sustainability Jan 2022

light-weight materials will not offer the same protection as heavier, gasoline-fueled cars. When
designers create the blueprint for making an electric car, it is essential for them to include the
types of materials they want to use, and the parts they want to include in the electric car. Some
of the materials and parts they will need to include in the design are steel tubing, wheels,
sprocket gears, pulleys, frame, battery and electric motor. The electric motor can be either an
AC motor or DC motor.

Once the design has been completed, the metal frame parts are cut out and welded together.
After the frame has been welded together, the electric drive components and steering
mechanism are added. These parts include battery, steering wheel, electric motors, wheels and
any other parts that are incorporated into the electric car. After these parts are installed, they
are tested to make sure that they are in working order. After the body and frame have been put
together, any features that were part of the design are installed. If all the parts are in working
order, the electric car is test driven on private property. Minor modifications are made, and
then the vehicle is ready to be shipped to its owner or dealer.

Fig 1.2 – Process of Making Electric cars

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Case Study Report - 1 Topic - Introduction, Significance and Challenges of Sustainability Jan 2022

1.3 Problems facing by using Normal cars

Cars consume a lot of energy before they ever make it to the open road. Automotive production
leaves a giant footprint because materials like steel, rubber, glass, plastics, paints, and many
more must be created before a new ride is ready to roll.

Similarly, the end of a car’s life doesn’t mark the end of its environmental
impact. Plastics, toxic battery acids, and other products may stay in the environment.
Fortunately, junkyard pile-ups are becoming much smaller than they were in the past.
About three-quarters of today’s average car, including the bulk of a steel frame, can be
recycled.

1.4 Conclusion

Production, recycling, and disposal costs to the environment are difficult to

quantify and largely beyond the control of most consumers. It's also true that most of
an automobile's environmental impact, perhaps 80 to 90 percent, will be due to fuel
consumption and emissions of air pollution and greenhouse gases that climate scientists
say are driving global warming. Fortunately, the level of that impact is very much under
the control of the driver.

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Case Study Report - 1 Topic - Introduction, Significance and Challenges of Sustainability Jan 2022

Analysis
 How the normal cars are making impact to the environment? Is there any possibility to
reduce the pollution or any possibility of controlling it?
 Apart from the environmental problems, what are all the other problems happened by
means of using plastic bags? What’s the solution?
 Has the any initiatives taken by the government to overcome from this problem? If Yes
 What are the problems faced by the plastic bags manufacturers after banning their
business?

2.1 Analysis of the Problems faced by using Normal Cars

W Cars are a heavy CO2 emitter and air polluter

cars are a major contributor to air pollution producing significant amounts of nitrogen
oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. 80-90% of cars' environmental impact comes
from fuel consumption and emissions of air pollution and greenhouse gases.

\What impact do cars have on society?

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Case Study Report - 1 Topic - Introduction, Significance and Challenges of Sustainability Jan 2022

The automobile gave people access to jobs, places to live, and services. It also
contributed to the rise of leisure activities. And with leisure came new services. These included
motels, hotels, amusement parks and other recreation, restaurants and fast food. \
Vehicles produce other emissions, such as volatile organic compounds ( VOCs ),
carbon monoxide ( CO ) and oxides of nitrogen ( NO X ), are criteria air contaminants
( CACs ) and these emissions are known to contribute towards air pollution and smog.

2.1 Polluting environment with harmful gases

 Drive Less
 Fewer miles driven means fewer emissions.
 Follow these tips to reduce the time you spend driving:
 Walk or bike when you can.
 Use the bike-share programs if your city or town has them.
 Take public transit when possible.
 Carpool with friends instead of driving alone.
 Use ride-sharing services.
 Plan ahead to make the most of your trips and “trip chain.” If your grocery store is near
other places you need to visit, do it all at once.
 Work from home periodically if your job allows it.

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Case Study Report - 1 Topic - Introduction, Significance and Challenges of Sustainability Jan 2022

 Drive Wise
 The way we drive can reduce emissions from our vehicles
 Follow these tips to effectively reduce emissions, drive more safely, and save money
on fuel costs all at the same time:
 Drive efficiently – go easy on the gas pedal and brakes.
 Maintain your car – get regular tune-ups, follow the manufacturer’s maintenance
schedule, and use the recommended motor oil.

2.2 Public breathing harmful gases emitted from vehicles

2.2 Analysis of problems faced by the manufacturers.

 A The main problems are tough competition, overcapacity and low marginal production
costs
 In total there are 10 key challenges I see facing the automotive industry:
 1. Dealing with overcapacity
 2. Finding the balance between marketing and branding and short-term sales volume

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Case Study Report - 1 Topic - Introduction, Significance and Challenges of Sustainability Jan 2022

 3. Becoming sustainable – from image to substance

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Case Study Report - 1 Topic - Introduction, Significance and Challenges of Sustainability Jan 2022

Alternatives
Recommendation and Implementation Plan
 Is there any government schemes which helps for the electric cars
manufacturers?
 What is the plan for implementing those electric cars?
 What kind of materials can be used in developing electric cars?

4.1 Government Recommendations

 Accelerate adoption of battery electric vehicles: to contribute 10% of the registration of

the new vehicle by 2025.
 Achieve 25% electrification of public transport and last-mile delivery in 6 targeted
urban areas by 2025.
 convert 25% of Maharashtra state road transport corporation’s (MSRTC) existing bus
fleet to electric.
 make Maharashtra the country’s top producer of BEVs in India in terms of annual
production capacity.
 Development of 2375 Public & Semi-public charging stations in 7 major urban areas
and founder national highways.
 from April 2022, all new government vehicles will be electric vehicles.
 at least 25% of the urban fleet operated by the fleet aggregators (Ecommerce
companies, delivery/ logistics players) in the state to transition to EVs by 2025.
 Formulation of various incentive plans for electric vehicles and associated
infrastructure.
 property tax rebates for installing private charging infrastructure within the society
premises.
 The policy will encourage fleet aggregators to operate electric vehicles.
 all the EVs sold in the state shall be expected from the road tax.
 All Evs eligible under the policy shall be exempt from the registration charges.

4.2 Implementation Plan

 The Electric Vehicle Strategy and Implementation Plan includes a range of actions for
the next five years. Some of the key actions include:

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Case Study Report - 1 Topic - Introduction, Significance and Challenges of Sustainability Jan 2022

 Reduced registration and stamp duty fees for Electric Vehicles

 Developing a grant program for home, workplace and public EV chargers
 Facilitating the installation of more EV charging stations
 Supporting local innovation in EV technology
 Skills development for EV servicing and EV charging infrastructure installation
 Promoting information on EV charging locations
 Increasing the number of EVs in the Northern Territory government fleet
 “Actions in the Implementation Plan have been directly influenced by feedback from
the community, including 79 per cent of respondents supporting the NT government
encouraging EV use and 77 per cent agreeing that now is the right time to encourage
EV use,” Lawler said.
 “Feedback indicated there is significant support for the NT government installing EV
chargers, as well as setting targets for the NT government fleet.”

Fig 4.1 – Advantages of electric car

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Case Study Report - 1 Topic - Introduction, Significance and Challenges of Sustainability Jan 2022

Conclusion
Electric cars have several benefits when replacing ICE cars, including a significant
reduction of local air pollution, as they do not emit exhaust pollutants such as volatile organic
compounds, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, ozone, lead, and various oxides of nitrogen.[63]
Similar to ICE vehicles, electric cars emit particulates from tyre and brake wear[64] which may
damage health,[65] although regenerative braking in electric cars means less brake dust.[66]
More research is needed on non-exhaust particulates.[67] The sourcing of fossil fuels (oil well
to gasoline tank) causes further damage as well as use of resources during the extraction and
refinement processes.

Depending on the production process and the source of the electricity to charge the
vehicle, emissions may be partly shifted from cities to the plants that generate electricity and
produce the car as well as to the transportation of material.[31] The amount of carbon dioxide
emitted depends on the emissions of the electricity source and the efficiency of the vehicle. For
electricity from the grid, the life-cycle emissions vary depending on the proportion of coal-
fired power, but are always less than ICE cars.[68]

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Case Study Report - 1 Topic - Introduction, Significance and Challenges of Sustainability Jan 2022

Expected Outcome
By using electric cars, the following outcomes may be attained.

 Pollution will be minimized.

 Re-usage of the batteries gives the extended life time of the product.
 No need to worry about the pollution control and pollution check.
 Usage of fossil fuels will be decreased

References
1. "Reducing Pollution with Electric Vehicles". www.energy.gov. Archived from the
original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b Preston, Benjamin. "EVs Offer Big Savings Over Traditional Gas-
Powered Cars". Consumer Reports. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
3. ^ Jump up to:a b "Electric Cars: Calculating the Total Cost of Ownership for
Consumers" (PDF). BEUC (The European Consumer Organisation). 25 April 2021.
Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 May 2021.
4. ^ "How to charge an electric car". Carbuyer. Archived from the original on 23 April
2018. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
5. ^ Jump up to:a b Paoli, Leonardo (30 January 2022). "Electric cars fend off supply
challenges to more than double global sales – Analysis". IEA. Retrieved 7 February
2022.
6. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Jose, Pontes (30 January 2022). "World EV Sales —
Tesla Model 3 Wins 4th Consecutive Best Seller Title In Record Year".
CleanTechnica. Retrieved 5 February 2022. "The top 3 global best selling plug-in
electric cars in 2021 were the Tesla Model 3 (500,713), the Wuling Hongguang
Mini EV (424,138), and the Tesla Model Y (410,517). Nissan Leaf sales totaled
64,201 units and Chery eQ 68,821 units."

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