PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG)

Quy tắc:
Active: S + V + O

Pasive: S + be + P. P ( V3/Ved ) + by O
EX: Lan buys this book in a bookstore.
→ This book is bought in a bookstore by Lan.

1. Lấy tân ngữ ở câu chủ động ra l->m chủ ngữ ở câu bị động.
2. Thêm động từ “to be”, nhưng phải cùng thì với cu chủ động.
3. Đưa động từ (V) ở câu chủ động xuống, nhưng phải ở dạng P.P .
4. Đưa S ở câu chủ động xuống l->m O cho câu bị động, trước nó có “by”.
Lưu ý:
- Trạng từ chỉ thời gian sẽ được đặt ở cuối câu. Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đặt trước “by”.
- Nếu sau “by” l-> đại từ nhân xưng ( them, you, me, …) hoặc people, someone, everyone, … ta
có thể bỏ đi.
(*) can, could, may, might, should, ought to, must, has to, have to, had to, … (used to, be going
to, …) + V
Tenses Active voice Passive voice
S+V/Vs/Ves+O -> S+is/am/are+ Ved/V3+by O
Simple
S+Don’t/Doesn’t+V+O -> S+isn’t/am not/aren’t+ Ved/V3+by O
present
Do/Does+S+V+O? -> Is/Am/Are+S+ Ved/V3+by O?
Noone + V0 /Vs / es + O -> S+isn’t/am not/aren’t+ Ved/V3
S+Ved/V2+O -> S+was/were+ Ved/V3+by O
Simple
S+Didn’t+V+O -> S+wasn’t/weren’t+ Ved/V3+by O
past
Did+S+V+O? -> Was/Were+S+ Ved/V3+by O?
Noone + V2 /Ved + O -> S+wasn’t/weren’t+ Ved/V3
S+Will+V+O -> S+will+be+ Ved/V3+by O
Simple
S+Won’t+V+O -> S+won’t+be+ Ved/V3+by O
future
Will+S+V+O? -> Will+S+be+ Ved/V3+by O?
Noone + Will+V+O -> S+won’t+be+ Ved/V3
S + am / is / are + going to + V0 + -> S+is/am/are+ going to + be + Ved/V3+by
O O
S + am / is / are + going to + V0 + -> S+is/am/are+ not + going to + be +
Near O Ved/V3+by O
future S + am / is / are + going to + V0 + -> Is/Am/Are+ S + going to + be +
O Ved/V3+by O ?
Noone + is + going to + V0 + O -> S+ is/am/are+ not + going to + be +
Ved/V3
Present S+is/am/are+Ving+O -> S+is/am/are+being+ Ved/V3+by O
continuo S+Isn’t/am not/aren’t+Ving+O -> S+isn’t/am not/aren’t+being+ Ved/V3+by
us Is/am/are+S+Ving+O? O
Noone + is/am/are+Ving+O -> Is/Am/Are+S+being+ Ved/V3+by O?
 -> S+isn’t/am not/aren’t+being+ Ved/V3
Past S+Was/were+Ving+O -> S+was/were+being+ Ved/V3+by O
continuo S+Wasn’t/weren’t+Ving+O -> S+wasn’t/weren’t+being+ Ved/V3+by O
us Was/were+S+Ving+O? -> Was/were+S+being+ Ved/V3+by O?
Noone +Was/were+Ving+O -> S+wasn’t/weren’t+being+ Ved/V3
S+Have/has+ Ved/V3+O -> S+have/has+been+ Ved/V3+by O
Present
S+Haven’t/hasn’t+ Ved/V3+O -> S+haven’t/hasn’t+been+ Ved/V3+by O
perfect
Have/has+S+ Ved/V3+O? -> Have/Has+S+been+ Ved/V3+by O?
Noone + has+ Ved/V3+O -> S+haven’t/hasn’t+been+ Ved/V3
Modal S+ Can..... +V+O -> S+can+be+ Ved/V3+by O
verbs S+ Can’t ...+V+O -> S+can’t+be+ Ved/V3+by O
(can,may Can + S + V + O? -> Can + S + be + Ved/V3+by O?
,must...) Noone + can + V + O -> S+can’t+be+ Ved/V3

Used to S + usedto + V0 + O -> S + used to + be + V3 / Ved + by O

Have to S + have / has to + V0 + O -> S + have / has + to + be + V3/ Ved + O

-> Khi chuyển từ S sang O cần lưu ý
S + V + O

S + Be+V3 / ed + by O

O -> S S -> by O Các BY + O

trong
me I I (by me) ngoặc đơn
you You You (by you) có thể loại
her She She (by her) bỏ trong
him He He (by him) câu bị
us We We (by us) động
them They They (by them: bỏ)
this / that + N This / That + People (by people: bỏ)
N
these / those + These / Someone (by someone: bỏ)
es
Ns Those + Nses
Tính từ sở hữu + Tính từ sở Lan by Lan
N hữu + N
the + N The + N Tính từ sở by + tính từ sở hữu +
hữu + N N
The + N by the + N

I. Bị động ở thì hiện tại đơn

1. We waste too much fresh water every day
………………………………………………………
2. People speak English all over the world
………………………………………………………
3. They clean their rooms regularly
………………………………………………………
4. People grow rice for a living here
………………………………………………………
5. Nam does his homework every day
………………………………………………………
6. Lan doesn’t cook dinner very often
………………………………………………………
7. My mother usually washes clothes for my family.
………………………………………………………
8. John doesn’t water the flowers regularly
………………………………………………………
II. Bị động ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn
1. Nam is watching a soccer match now.
………………………………………………………
2. Ba is cleaning the floor at the moment.
………………………………………………………
3. My mother is cooking meal at this time.
………………………………………………………
4. The workers are painting the house now.
………………………………………………………
5. The students are doing exercises on passive forms
………………………………………………………
6. Lan isn’t reading books at the moment
………………………………………………………
III. Bị động ở thì tương lai đơn
1. She will open a new shop tomorrow.
………………………………………………………
2. Nam will buy a new bike next week.
………………………………………………………
3. My mother will give me a new story next Sunday.
………………………………………………………
4. They will build a new market here next month.
………………………………………………………
5. They will not plant trees in the school tomorrow.
………………………………………………………
6. People won’t build a new bridge in this village.
………………………………………………………
7. Nam will make a cake for me on my up-coming birthday.
………………………………………………………

IV. Bị động ở quá khứ đơn

1. They cancelled all the flights because of fog.
All the flights ………………………………………………..
2. People advised us not to go out alone.
We ………………………………………………
3. The girl did not give me the money.
I ………………………………………………………………..
The money ………………………………………………….
4. A man asked me several difficult questions at the interview.
I ………………………………………………………..
The story ………………………………………….
5. People used oil-lamps thousands years ago.
Oil-lamps……………………………………………………
6. Somebody broke into my house yesterday
My house………………………………………………….
7. Shakespeare wrote many famous plays.
Many famous plays ……………………………………….
V. Bị động ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành
1. They have built this school for 2 years.
………………………………………………………………….
2. Phu Quang has composed a lot of songs about Ha Noi
………………………………………………………………….
3. He hasn’t finished his homework yet.
………………………………………………………………….
4. Nam has studied English for 5 years.
………………………………………………………………….
5. Tim has played soccer since he was ten.
………………………………………………………………….
6. They have decorated this room for hours.
………………………………………………………………….
7. They have added beautiful patterns on the Ao dai.
………………………………………………………………….
8. They have finished the report.
………………………………………………………………….
VI. Bị động ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
1. Nam was watching an action film at 8.00 last night
………………………………………………………………….
2. Lan was reading a new comic at this time yesterday.
………………………………………………………………….
3. Hoa wasn’t cooking dinner last night.
………………………………………………………………….
4. They were cleaning the room at 6 yesterday?
………………………………………………………………….
VII. Bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu
1. Nam can fix the bike well.
………………………………………………………………….
2. She is going to read a new novel tomorrow.
………………………………………………………………….
3. You must do your homework regularly.
………………………………………………………………….
4. He used to write poems when he was young.
………………………………………………………………….
5. John ought to wash his clothes every day
………………………………………………………………….
6. They are going to plant trees along the sidewalk.
………………………………………………………………….
7. No student can solve this problem.
……………………………………………………………...
VIII:Changes the sentences into passive voice:
1. Mary types letters in the office.
2.  ……………………………………………………
3. His father will help you tomorrow.
4.  ………………………………………………
5. Peter broke this bottle.
6.  ……………………………………………………
7. They are learning English in the room.
8.  ………………………………………………………………
9. My students will bring the children home.
10. ………………………………………………………
11.She gave us more information.
 ……………………………………………
12.They have to repair the engine of the car.
 ……………………………………………………
13.People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday.
 ……………………………………………………
14.Mary is cutting a cake with a sharp knife.
15. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
16.Teacher is going to tell a story.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………
17.People speak English in almost every corner of the world.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
EXERCISES: Change these yes-no questions into passive voice:
1.Nothing can change my mind.
 ……………………………………………………………………………
2.No one had told me about it.
 …………………………………………………………………………………
3.I don’t know her telephone number
 …………………………………………………………………………
4.They can’t make tea with cold water.
 ……………………………………………………………………………
5.You mustn’t use this machine after 5:30 p.m.
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………
6.Nobody told me the story.
I …………………………………………….
EXERCISES: Change these yes-no questions into passive voice:
1.Do they teach English here?
 ………………………………………………………………………………………
2.Will you invite her to your wedding party?
 ………………………………………………………………………………………
3.Has Tom finished the work?
 ………………………………………………………………………
4.Did the teacher give some exercises?
 ……………………………………………………………………………
5.Is she going to write a poem?
 …………………………………………………………………
6.Are the police making inquires about the thief?
 ……………………………………………………
7.Will buses bring the children home?
 ……………………………………………………………………………
8.Have you finished your homework?
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
9.Must we finish the test before ten?
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………
EXERCISES: Change these yes-no questions into passive voice:
1.Why didn’t they help him?
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………
2.How can they open this safe?
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
3.How did the police find the lost man?
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
4.How long have they waited for the doctor?
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………
5.How many marks does the teacher give you?
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
6.Who lend you this book?
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………
7.How long have you studied French?
………………………………………………………………….
8. Have you watched this film before?
………………………………………………………
9. What were you doing yesterday?
………………………………………………………………….
EXERCISES: Change into passive:
1. They will hold the meeting before May Day.
→ The meeting …………………………………………………………………………...
2. Somebody has taken some of my books away.
→ Some of my book……………………………………………………………………………
3. They have to repair the engine of the car.
 → The engine of the car ………………………………………………………………….
4. They may use this room for the classroom.
→ This room …………………………………………………………………………………
5. The teacher is going to tell a story.
→ A story .……………………………………………………………………………………
6. John used to visit his parents at weekends.
→ His parents…………………………………………………………………………………..
7. They use milk for making butter and cheese.
→ Milk ..………………………………………………………………………………………
8. They have provided the victims with food and clothing.
→ The victims .………………………………………………………………………………..
9. People speak English in most every corner of the world.
→ English .………………………………………………………………………………….
10.The students are writing the lessons now.
→ The lesson ………………………………………………………………….………………
11.Her teacher taught her how to apply this theory.
→ She …………………………………………………………………………..
12.Someone will tell him that news.
→ He ……………………………………………………………………………………