BRAINSTRUCT

ASSESSMENT BASE
END OF THIRD TERM EXAMINATION
AUGUST, 2024 SOCIAL STUDIES 2 HOURS

FORM TWO

NAME: ……………………………………………………….………………………………………..

SCHOOL: ………………………………………………………………………………………………

DATE: ……………………………………………………SIGNATURE: …………………………

TOTAL SCORE:

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

@ 2024 / BAB / 050 025 1760
 PAPER 2
ESSAY

This paper consists of three sections: A, B and C. Answer three questions only, choosing one question from
each section. All questions carry equal marks. Answer all the questions in your booklet. Credit will be given
for clarity of expression and orderly presentation of material.

SECTION A: THE ENVIRONMENT

Mr. Bawa's family noticed their once fertile farmland turning into barren desert, a result of overgrazing
and deforestation, highlighting the harsh effects of desertification.
1. (a) Indicate five factors responsible for desertification. 5 marks
(b) Describe five ways of controlling desertification. 5 marks
As Mr. Bawa's family expanded quickly over the years, the increased demand for resources strained
their local environment, demonstrating the challenges of rapid population growth.
(c) State five factors responsible for the rapid population growth in Ghana. 5 marks
(d) Mention five social problems associated with the population structure of Ghana. 5 marks

The Ghanaian economy is striving for growth but faces significant challenges such as high inflation,
unemployment, and a heavy reliance on raw material exports, which make it vulnerable to global
market fluctuations.
2. (a) Name the sixteen regions in Ghana and give the capital of each. 8 marks
(b) Outline four ways in which knowledge of the Ghana map is useful. 4 marks
(c) Describe four features of the rainforest vegetation of Ghana. 4 marks
(d) List four factors that can help Ghanaians to ensure national unity. 4 marks

SECTION B: GOVERNANCE, POLITICS AND STABILITY

Democracy in Ghana is characterized by regular elections, a vibrant multi-party system, and a
commitment to constitutional governance.
3. (a) Give four reasons why Ghana can be described as a democratic country. 4 marks
(b) Outline four measures for preventing political conflict in Ghana. 6 marks
(c) Enumerate six effects of democratic governance on national development. 6 marks
(d) Suggest four ways individual citizens of Ghana can help promote democracy. 4 marks

Being a citizen of Ghana means belonging to a vibrant cultural heritage and contributing to a nation
striving for economic development and social progress.
4. (a) Describe five ways in which one can become a citizen of Ghana. 5 marks
(b) Mention five ways in which the rights of a citizen may be abused. 5 marks
(c) In what four ways are freedoms and obligations under the constitution important? 4 marks
(d) State six functions of the executive arm of the government of Ghana. 6 marks
 SECTION C: SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
5. (a) Describe five characteristics of a disciplined society. 5 marks
(b) Explain six reasons for the state of indiscipline ‘in the Ghanaian society today. 6 marks
(c) Outline five effects of acts of indiscipline on the development of the country. 5 marks
(d) Recommend four ways of controlling the high rate of indiscipline in Ghana. 4 marks
6. (a) Give five reasons why Ghana is not self – reliant. 5 marks
(b) Highlight five factors that hinder the development of Ghana. 5 marks
(c) In what four ways will savings be beneficial to an individual? 4 marks
(d) State six benefits of natural resources to the country. 6 marks
PAPER 1
PAPER 1 – OBJECTIVE TEST
Answer all the questions.

1. Which of the following statements is true about
the economic development of Ghana?
A. Ghana is a developed country.
B. Ghana is an under-developing country.
C. Ghana is a fast-developing country.
D. Ghana is a slow-developing country
6. Promoting national integration in Ghana mostly
depends on the
A. number of political parties in the country.
B. religious nature of the people.
C. level of tolerance among the people.
D. kind nature of the people.

2. The name Ghana was adopted for Gold Coast
from the old Ghana Empire because the people
A. had people with the same colour.
B. had the same leaders.
C. had the same ancestors.
D. were very rich in gold.
7. District Assemblies in Ghana ‘face the
following challenges except
A. making of bye- laws.
B. inadequate skilled labour
C. lack of fund to carry out projects.
D. interference from the central government.

3. The right that allows every citizen to use, any 8. The public official who represents one
public facility without difficulty constitutes commonwealth country in another is called
A. economic right. A. Ambassador.
B. political right. B. High Commissioner.
C. social right. C. Public Servant.
D. natural right. D. Minister of Foreign Affairs.

4. The following festivals are all celebrated in 9. The kind of cooperation among nations under
Northern Ghana except New Partnership for Africa’s Development
A. Foo. (NEPAD) is
B. Hogbetsotso. A. cultural cooperation.
C. Damba. B. economic cooperation.
D. Kobine. C. political cooperation
D. traditional cooperation.
5. Political stability is said to exist when
A. the governance of a country is not disturbed by 10. Which of these countries is not a member of
internal and external forces. the Commonwealth of Nations?
B. there is irregular overthrow of elected A. Germany
governments. B. Canada
C. a country is ruled by a wicked president. C. Nigeria
D. an elected government stays in power for as D. New Zealand
long as possible.
11. Which of the following public officials comes
into office by appointment?
A. The President
B. Member of Parliament C. increase market for goods.
C. Speaker of Parliament D. cause urban-rural migration.
D. Chief Justice
20. Which of the following describes a modern
12. One disadvantage of Ghana’s population settlement?
structure is the A. The houses are built in lines.
A. large market size. B. The houses are built with cement.
B. high labour force in the future. C. The houses are built according to the layout
C. low death rate. plan.
D. low savings and investment. D. The houses look very beautiful.

13. Relief rainfall will be experienced mostly by 21. In Ghana, contributions to the Social Security
the people living in and National insurance Trust by public workers is
A. Kwawu areas. A. voluntary and cannot be challenged.
B. Savanna regions B. a human right and cannot be abused.
C. Accra plains C. not advisable for people with disabilities.
D. Ada coast. D. compulsory and backed by law

14. Which of the following planets has the longest 22. Which of the following compass point has
orbit? bearing of 270°?
A. Mars A. North-East
B. Earth B. North-West
C. Mercury C. South-East
D. Venus D. South-West

15. The problem of desertification is mainly the 23. One of the factors that may help to improve
result of productivity in Ghana is…………
A. weathering of rocks. A. effective management
B. ocean waves. B. the use of outmoded tools.
C. natural phenomena. C. the payment of taxes.
D. human activities. D. regular prayers and thanksgiving offerings.

16. The complete well-being of the reproductive
system at adolescence constitutes
A. adolescent reproductive rights.
B. adolescent reproductive health.
C. adolescent chastity.
‘D. adolescent reproductive growth
17. The Coussey Committee of 1949 was formed
by………………..
A. Sir Coussey.
B. Commander Hill.
C. Sir Gordon Guggisberg.
D. Sir Charles Arden Clark.
18. The regular human right abuse in Ghana can
best be controlled through…………
A. strong police force.
B. military rule.
C. public education.
D. sex education.
19. One of the ‘effects of a slum settlement on
development is that they
A. easily spread diseases.
B. make settlement beautiful.
24. An effective means of reducing rapid
population growth is by…………
A. encouraging abstinence from indiscriminate
sex.
B. encouraging immigration into the country.
C. encouraging rural-urban drift.
D. giving adequate jobs to the youth.
25. The main function of the judiciary organ of
government is…………..
A. law-making
B. implementation of laws.
C. impeachment of the president.
D. interpretation of the law.
26. The common reason for establishing public
enterprises is to………..
A. generate foreign exchange.
B. provide essential services to the public.
C. create competition in the industry.
D. generate profit for the state.
27. The large percentage of the youth in Ghana’s
population structure implies that Ghana bas
A. a large future labour’ force. 34. The ocean which lies between Ghana and
B. equitable distribution of wealth. America is the
C. free market economy. A. Pacific Ocean.
D. adequate supply of consumer goods. B. Indian Ocean.
C. Atlantic Ocean.
28. One way of managing conflicts in Ghana is , D. Arctic Ocean.
A. arbitration.
B. confrontation.
C. compensation
D. consultation.

29. Writing a bill into a legal language is 35. A person who crosses the International Date
A. done after parliament has passed the bill Line from east to west
B. the last stage of the law-making process. A. gains twenty-four hours.
C. the first stage of the law-making process. B. loses twenty-four hours
D. done after the presidential assent. C. has completed one revolution.
D. enters another geographical zone.
One characteristic of a disciplined student is
A. leading a casual lifestyle. 36. The most popular economic activity among
B. playing truant. the Ga-Adangbes is
C. being regular and punctual to school. A. farming.
D. discussing school issues with outsiders. B. lumbering.
C. fishing.
31. A bye-election is conducted to elect a new D. trading.
member of parliament under the following
conditions except 37. District assembly sessions are chaired by the
A. Death of a sitting member of parliament. A. district chief executive.
B. Appointment of a sitting member of B. assembly members.
parliament as a minister. C. district coordinating director
C. Imprisonment of a sitting member of D. presiding member.
parliament.
D. Resignation of a sifting member of 38. The capital of the newly created Oti Region in
parliament. Ghana is
A. Ho.
32. In Ghana, the free and compulsory education B. Hohoe
policy is operational at C. Dambai.
A. the basic level. D. Kadjebi.
B. the secondary level.
C. the tertiary level. 39. Hotels and restaurants’ are operating in the
D. all levels. A. manufacturing industry.
B. services industry.
33. Freedom of association under the constitution C. extractive industry.
of Ghana does not guarantee D. food industry.
A. freedom to join any political party of choice.
B. freedom to form political vigilante groups. 40. Which of the following rocks originated from
C. freedom to join any religious group of choice. volcanic eruption?
D. freedom to form community watch-dog A. Igneous rocks
associations. B. Sedimentary rocks
C. Metamorphic rocks
D. Residual rocks

BRAINSTRUCT ASSESSMENT BASE

Social Marking Scheme – 4
 PAPER 1
OBJECTIVE TEST (40 MARKS)
1. C 6. C 11. D 16. B 21. D 26. B 31. B 36. C
2. D 7. A 12. D 17. D 22. D 27. A 32. A 37. A
3. C 8. B 13. A 18. C 23. A 28. A 33. B 38. C
4. B 9. B 14. A 19. A 24. A 29. A 34. C 39. B
5. A 10. A 15. D 20. C 25. D 30. C 35. B 40. A

PAPER 2 (60 MARKS)

Question l

a. Factors That Are Responsible For Desertification

 The cutting down of trees causes desertification

 Uncontrolled animal grazing destroys both shrubs and grasses that cover the soil exposing the land to
direct sunshine which eventually leads to desert
 Bush burning leads to the destruction of vegetation cover which leads to desert
 Mining activities which involves open cast method clear off the forest zones leading to desert in such
areas
 Wildlife destroys existing vegetation zones making the extension of desert possible
 Construction activities like building, transport and communication. 5 marks @ 1 mark each

b. Ways To Control Desertification

 Good farming practices such as crop rotation, agro-forestry, mixed farming etc., should be adopted to
control the extension of desert
 Irrigation, construction of dams, wells, bore holes to trees and grasses in the desert areas
 Controlled grazing by herdsmen and also seek for alternative food source for their animals
 Legislation to control the indiscriminate falling of trees should be enforced in the country so that
perpetrator would be punished
 Public education on the causes and dangers associated to desertification and how to it can be
controlled should be intensified in the country
 Construction of wind breaks .to control the destructive power of the wind in our communities should
be done.
 Afforestation and re-afforestation in the country in order to control the extension of desert.
5 marks @ 1 mark each

c. Factors Responsible For Rapid Population Growth

 Early marriages
 Sources of family labour
 High fertility
 Acceptance of Polygamy
 Prestige about having large family size
 Reluctant to accept family planning and birth control measures
 Low death or mortality rate
 Improved medical facilities
 Immigration 5 marks @ 1 mark each

d. Social Problems Associated With Population Growth Of Ghana

 High fertility and growth leading to over population

  High dependency burden for breadwinners
 High level of unemployment
 Pressure on social amenities
 Congestion and development of slums
 Urbanization with its attendant problems. E.g accommodation, waste management etc.
 Environmental pollution. E.g fumes, noise etc.
 Inadequate food supply to feed the people
 There would be high level of bribery and corruption
 Emergence of high level of social vices and crime. E.g drug abuse, prostitution etc. 5 marks @ 1
mark each

Question 2

a. Sixteen Regions In Ghana And Their Capitals

Region Capital
Greater Accra Accra
Central Cape Coast
Eastern Koforidua
Western Sekondi Takoradi
Ashanti Kumasi
Northern Tamale
Upper East Bolgatanga
Upper West Wa
Volta Ho
Brong Ahafo Sunyani
North East Nalerigu
Savanna Damango
Bono East Techiman
Ahafo Goaso
Western North Sefwi Wiawso
Oti Dambai
8 marks @ ½ mark each

b. Give Ways In Which Knowledge Of Ghana Map Is Useful

 Knowledge of the Ghana maps helps to know the location of important towns and cities.
 It helps to know the administrative regions of the country.
 It helps to find direction to wherever you are going in Ghana.
 It helps to know the relief of the country.
 They help to know distances from pne place to another.
 It can help us to know the weather and climate conditions of the country.
 It helps to know the boundaries of the country.
 It helps administrators like District Chief Executives and Regional Ministers to know their
boundaries
 It helps the tour guide to guide tourists.
 It helps to determine your bearing at any place in the country. 4 marks @ 1 mark each

c. Features Of Rainforest Vegetation

 The forest is evergreen throughout the year with broad leaves

 The forest is arranged in layers
 The trees are tall and straight
  The trees are not in pure stand
 The trees have thin barks with buttress roots
 Dead leaves, trees and fungi are common in the undergrowth 4 marks @ 1 mark each

d. Factors That Can Ensure National Unity

 Showing patriotism and selflessness

 Respect for country's national symbols, national anthem, national flag, pledge etc,
 Celebration of national cultural festivals
 Respect and appreciation of another person's culture
 Promotion of inter-ethnic marriages
 Encouraging the boarding school system
 Wearing of various traditional Ghanaian dress in school 4 marks @ 1 mark each

Question 3

a. Give Four Reasons Why Ghana Can Be Described As Democratic Country.

 No person is put above that other

 People's views are considered before laws are passed.
 People's rights and freedoms are protected.
 It is a governed by constitution.
 There is civilian rule.
 Elections are held every four years to choose our leaders.
 There is rule of law. 4 marks @ 1 mark each

b. Measures To Prevent Conflicts In Ghana

 Respecting and protecting the rights and freedoms of others

 Avoiding abusive language during political campaigns
 The use of dialogue
 Tolerance
 Political should be national in character
 Promotion of inter-tribal marriage
 Educating Ghanaians 6 marks @ 1 mark each

c. Effects Of Democratic Governance On Development

 Maintenance of the freedom of the individual

 Expansion of state support for private business
 Establishment of welfare programmes for the aged and unemployed
 Creation of a good business environment
 Respect from international community
 It makes a country credit wealthy
 There is peaceful atmosphere 6 marks @ 1 mark each

d. Suggest Four Ways Citizens Can Help Promote Democracy

 Voting during elections

 Contributing to debate on national issues
 Expressing one's opinion in a responsible manner
 Respecting the laws of the state
 Participating in political party activities
 Respecting the constitution
 Respecting the rights and freedoms of others
  Avoid electoral malpractices
 Criticizing the government constructively and openly Etc. 4 marks @ 1 mark each

Question Four

a. Describe Five Ways In Which One Can Become A Citizen Of Ghana

 By birth: a child born anywhere whose parents or grandparents are Ghanaians

 By foundling: a child of not more than seven years of age found in Ghana whose parents are not
known
 By adoption: a child of not more than sixteen years of age adopted by a Ghanaian
 By registration: a foreigner married to a Ghanaian may apply for registration as a Ghanaian
 By conferment: the President may confer on honorary citizenship on a foreigner in appreciation of
his contribution to the development of the country
 By Ancestry/descent: one can become a citizen by tracing his ancestry to the country. E.g. Nana
Agyeman Prempeh I and children in Seychelles while he was in exile.
Naturalization: a foreigner who has stayed in a country for a long time and After renouncing his
former citizenship can apply to become a national of that country. 5 marks @ 1 mark each

b. Ways In Which The Rights Of A Citizen May Be Abused

 Denying Children's Education

 Violence against women
 Forcing ladies into sex trade
 Forced labour
 Sex trade
 Child battering
 Child kidnapping
 Bulling people
 Imprisonment without trial
 Domestic slavery
 Mob justice 5 marks @ 1 mark each

c. Ways Freedoms And Obligations Under The Constitution Is Important

 The spread of new ideas

 Fight for our rights
 Ensure public safety
 Provision of revenue for national development
 Promote peace and harmony
 Contribute to nation development
 Promote democracy 4 marks @ 1 mark each

d. Outline Six Functions Of The Executive Arm Of Government.

 The Executive makes and implements policies.

 They prepare proposals to the legislature to be passed into law.
 They give assent to bills: a bill can only become a law after the President has given his or her
approval.
 They sign agreements with other countries and international bodies on behalf of the people.
 They prepare the national budget
 The Executive also maintains law and order in the country.
 It uses the police to maintain internal peace and the military to protect the country against external
aggression.
 Provision of social amenities like schools, hospitals, roads and many others that make life
comfortable for people.
  Proposes bills to parliament to make into laws.
 Responsible for the day-to-day running/administration of the country
 Training and arming the security services
 Setting up of commissions of enquiry, to investigate serious cases
 Collect taxes and pay workers. 6 marks @ 1 mark each

Question Five

a. Characteristics Of A Disciplined Society

 A disciplined society is peaceful

 A disciplined society is law abiding
 The society takes part in communal labour
 A disciplined society lives in harmony
 The members in such a society are role models for other societies
 The members do not make the environment dirty 5 marks @ 1 mark each

b. Reasons For The State Of Indiscipline In Ghana

 Irresponsible parenting
 Crave for material wealth
 Unemployment
 Peer influence or pressure
 Influence of the mass media
 Inability to enforce rules against indiscipline
 The use of drugs and alcohol
 Effects of urbanization
 Curiosity and adventure 6 marks @ 1 mark each

c. Effects Of Indiscipline On The Society

 Drives away investment

 There is low productivity
 Increases the cost of maintaining security and peace
 Indiscipline acts slow down development of the country
 Add more financial responsibility to government
 Indiscipline acts can lead to civil conflicts
 The country may lose human resource 5 marks @ 1 mark each

d. Ways Of Controlling Indiscipline Activities

 Strict enforcement of laws against indiscipline acts

 Public education on the effects of indiscipline acts
 There should be an increase in employment opportunities
 Banning of pornographic materials
 Responsible parenting
 Promoting the teachings of religious and moral education in schools
 Responsible parenting
 There should be judiciary independence 4 marks @ 1 mark each

Question Six

a. Reasons Why Ghana Is Not Self-Reliant

 The mentality of Ghanaians

 The poor educational system which ignores the vocational and technical development
 The adoption of primitive method of production/ Low technological development
 Inadequate capital formation due to low savings
 Negative attitudes towards work
 Low small market for locally produced goods
 The colonization by the British 5 marks @ 1 mark each

b. Factors that hinder development

 Low agricultural production

 Superstitious beliefs
 High indebtedness
 HIV/AIDS
 Aid dependency on primary products
 High birth rate
 Low literacy rate
 Lack of continuity
 Misappropriate and misapplication of funds
 Malnutrition 5 marks @ 1 mark each

c. Ways In Which Saving Will Be Beneficial To An Individual

 Savings will help the individual to offset eventuality
 It will help the individual to further his education
 The individual through savings can undertake projects
 The individual may earn profit on the money saved with a bank
 Through savings, an individual can undertake investment in the form of business
 The individual will get money to cater for himself during retirement
 It will help the individual to minimize borrowing 4 marks @ 1 mark each

d. Reasons Why Natural Resources Are Essential For The Development Of The Country
 Natural resources create employment for the people
 Natural resources earn the country with foreign exchange through export
 They provide income for workers
 They serve as raw material for industries
 They generate revenue for the government through taxes
 They help to undertake infrastructural facilities in the country
 Natural resources open up places where they are exploited
 They contribute to the Gross Domestic Product 6 marks @ 1 mark each