NUCLEAR POWER

PLANT

PRESENTED BY
SHA AJHARUL ISLAM FORHAT
20220205092
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, AUST
 Content
Info and History
How to Produce Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Reactor
Advantage and Disadvantage
Environmental Effects
 What is Nuclear Power Plant?
A Nuclear Power Plant is basically a thermal power
station, where heat energy is converted to electrical
energy in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor.
History of Nuclear Power Plant:
Electricity was generated for the first time ever by a nuclear reactor on December
20,1951 at EBR-1 experimental station near Acro, Idaho in the United States.

On June 27,1954, the world’s first nuclear power plant to generate electricity for a
power grid started operations at Obninsk, USSR.

The world’s first commercial scale power station, Calder Hall in England opened in
October 17,1956.
Production of Nuclear Energy:-
Nuclear Fission:

Nuclear fission works by splitting the

atoms apart to produce smaller atoms,
and as a result energy is released.
Nuclear fission is used in nuclear power
plants to generate electricity through
the splitting of the nuclei of uranium
atoms. Heavy nuclei split into two
smaller parts to become more stable.
 Nuclear Chain Reaction:
A chain reaction refers to a process in which neutrons released in
fission produce an additional fission in at least one further nucleus. This
nucleus in turn produces neutrons, and the process repeats. If the process
is controlled, it is used for nuclear power or if uncontrolled it is use for
nuclear weapons.

235U +n fission + 2 or 3 n + 200 MeV

If each neutron releases two more neutrons, then the number of

fissions doubles each generation.
 Types of nuclear reactor:
There are various types of nuclear reactor, main two among them
are-

Pressurized water reactor(PWR)

Boiling water reactor(BWR)
 Pressurized water reactor(PWR)

Heat is produced in the reactor due to nuclear fission and

there is a chain reaction.

The heat generated in the reactor is carried away by the

coolant (water or heavy water) circulated through the core.

Two separate water systems are used to avoid radioactive

substances to reach the turbine.

Water in the core heated top 315°C but is not turned into
steam due to high pressure in the primary loop
 Boiled water reactor(BWR)

The water is circulated through the reactor where it converts to

water-steam mixture.

The steam gets collected above the steam separator

This steam is expanded in the turbine which turns the turbine shaft.
 Environmental effects:

Nuclear waste:
They are highly radioactive.

Many of them have very long half-

lives.

Radioactive waste must be

stored carefully.
 Low level radioactive waste:
Cooling water pipes, radiation suits, etc.

Stored in storage facilities

Radioactivity will fall to a safe level after

10 to 50 years.
 High level radioactive waste:
Used nuclear fuel

Highly radioactive

Embedded in concrete and stored deep

underground for several thousand years.

After 10,000 years of radioactive decay,

according to EPA standards, the spent nuclear
fuel will no longer pose a threat to public
health.
Advantages-Disadvantages
Advantages:
Space required is less when compared with other power plants.

A nuclear power plant uses much less fuel than a fossil-fuel plant.

Nuclear electricity is reliable and relatively cheap.

Nuclear power plants contribute no greenhouse gasses and few atmospheric

pollutants.
 Advantages-Disadvantages
Disadvantages:
Nuclear waste (Spent nuclear fuel) is extremely
hazardous and must be stored safely for thousands
of years.

Uranium is ultimately a nonrenewable resource.

Nuclear power plants are extremely costly to

build.

The slight possibility that nuclear power plants

can have catastrophic failures.
Thank You!!