Title levelling: ____________________________________

Date: ____________________________________________

Location name coordinates: __________________________

 Prepared by:

Name: _________________________________________
ID: ____________________________________________
Class attendance: ________________________________

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 Table of contents
Contents Page no
1. Introduction 2-4
1.1) Purpose of levelling
Surveying
1.2) Objectives of the survey
1.3) Challenges and limitations
during our work in field
2. Methodology 4--6
2.1) Survey instruments
2.2) Survey Procedure and
data collection
3. Data Analysis 7-8
3.1) Elevation Calculation
3.2) Profile Drawing
4. Results and calculations 9
5. Conclusion

1. Introduction
a) Brief overview of the purpose of the leveling survey

Ans.

A leveling survey is conducted to determine the elevations of points on the Earth's surface
relative to a known or assumed datum. Its primary purposes include:

I. Topographic Mapping: Leveling surveys help create accurate topographic maps by

establishing elevation contours and identifying natural and man-made features.
II. Engineering Projects: They provide essential elevation data for designing infrastructure
such as roads, bridges, pipelines, and buildings, ensuring proper drainage and alignment.
III. Construction: Leveling surveys are crucial in construction to maintain precise elevations
during grading, foundation laying, and other site preparation activities.
IV. Floodplain Management: They assist in delineating floodplains by identifying low-
lying areas susceptible to flooding, aiding in land-use planning and flood risk assessment.
V. Monitoring Vertical Movements: Continuous leveling surveys can monitor subsidence,
uplift, or other vertical movements of the Earth's surface due to geological or man-made
factors.

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 b) Objectives of the survey

Ans.

Surveys serve various objectives depending on their purpose and the context in which they are
conducted. Some common objectives of surveys include:

i. Gathering Information: Surveys are used to collect data and information about a
specific topic or issue. This information can be used to understand trends, preferences,
opinions, behaviors, or demographics of a target population.
ii. Assessing Satisfaction: Surveys often measure levels of satisfaction among customers,
employees, or stakeholders regarding products, services, or experiences. This helps
organizations identify areas for improvement or strengths to leverage.
iii. Research and Analysis: Surveys are a crucial tool in academic and market research.
They provide quantitative data that can be analyzed statistically to draw conclusions,
make predictions, or test hypotheses.
iv. Monitoring Trends: Surveys can track changes over time in attitudes, behaviors, or
market conditions. This longitudinal data helps organizations adapt strategies and make
informed decisions.
v. Evaluating Effectiveness: Surveys assess the impact or effectiveness of interventions,
programs, policies, or initiatives. They gauge outcomes and identify factors contributing
to success or failure.
vi. Generating Insights: Surveys can uncover insights and uncover previously unknown
patterns or correlations within a dataset. This can lead to new ideas or opportunities for
innovation.
vii. Decision Making: Surveys provide decision-makers with data-driven insights, helping
them make informed decisions based on the preferences and needs of stakeholders or
customers.
viii. Improving Communication: Surveys can facilitate communication by providing a
platform for stakeholders to express their opinions or concerns, fostering transparency
and engagement.

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 ix. Benchmarking: Surveys establish benchmarks against which future progress can be
measured. They provide a baseline for comparison and setting goals.
x. Predicting Behavior: Surveys can predict future behaviors or trends based on current
attitudes and behaviors reported by respondents.

c. Challenges and limitations during your work in field

ans.

I. Weather Conditions:
II. Terrain and Accessibility:
III. Equipment Limitations:
IV. Time Constraints:
V. Environmental Factors:

2. Methodology.

2.1 Survey instrument

a. Describe the instruments and equipment you used for surveying

ans.
i. Staff
ii. Measuring tape
iii. Tripod
b) Mention the method or technique you employed to find the reduced
levels

Ans.

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 i. Setup:
ii. Back sight:
iii. Intermediate sights:
iv. Fore sight:

c) Any special considerations or other additional equipment’s used for

survey
ans.
Rocks for using to know the point we are measure or marking.

2.2. Survey Procedure &Data Collection

a) Step-by-step account of the survey process
ans.
i. Planning, analyzing and decision marking
ii. Care and adjustment of the instrument to ensure the best result
iii. field work
iv. office work
v. setting out work

b) Setting up the leveling instrument

Ans.

 Choose a Suitable Location:

 Setup the Tripod:

 Attach the Leveling Instrument:

 Level the Instrument:

 Secure the Instrument:

 Check for Stability:

 Calibration (if necessary):

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 Prepare for Surveying:

 Verify Setup:

 Maintain Stability
c) taking reading at benchmark location and on the survey line

d) Mentioning your peg intervals with level book

Ans.
 We take the intervals of our peg by 15

e)Raw data collected during the survey

Ans.

STATION BS IS FS
0 1.71
15 1.52
30 1.38
45 1.29
60 0.88
75 2.83 0.10
90 2.28 O.98
105 1.88 0.56
120 1.16

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3. Data Analysis

3.1. Elevation calculation

a) Computation of reduced levels survey line in any method
STATION BS IS FS HI RL REMARKS
0 1.71 301.71 300
15 1.52 300.19
30 1.38 300.33
45 1.29 300.42
60 0.88 300.83
75 2.83 0.10 304.44 301.61 CP
90 2.28 O.98 305.74 303.46 CP
105 1.88 0.56 307.06 305.18 CP
120 1.16 305.90
EBS=
b) Calculation of height differences between the end point
LRL – FRL = 305.90 – 300 = 5.9
c) Arithmetic checks of the surveying
EBS – EFS = LRL – FRL
8.7 – 2.8 = 305.9 – 300
5.9 = 5.9
d) Calculation of formation levels
First I am going to use the gradient to come up with the formation level
Gradient = last reduce level / distance
305.9-300 /120= 0.0491 * 15 = 0.7375
Points RL Formation level
0 300 300
15 300,19 300.7375
30 300.33 301.475
45 300.42 302.2125
60 300.83 302.95
75 301.61 303.6875
90 303.46 304.425
105 305.18 305.1625
120 305.90 305.90

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e) Calculation of the discrepancies between the formation and ground level
Formation level Ground Difference
300 300 0
300.7375 300,19 0.5475
301.475 300.33 1.145
302.2125 300.42 1.7925
302.95 300.83 2.12
303.6875 301.61 2.0775
304.425 303.46 0.965
305.1625 305.18 -0.0175
305.90 305.90 0

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 4. Results and Discussion

1. Levelling is an important technique for various surveying construction and

engineering application. By providing accurate information about the elevation
and topography of the land, leveling helps ensure the safety and success of a wide
range of projects.
2. We filled 300 to 305.18 and cut 305.18 to 305.9.
3. it’s important to note that the acceptable level of discrepancies depends on the specific
precision needed, and the potential consequence of inaccurate elevation data.
Survey can help minimize the occurrence and magnitude of discrepancies, ensuring the
reliability and accuracy of the elevation data.

5. Conclusion

1) In conclusion, the exercise had achieved its aims, since the difference in elevation from
point were determine and as a student, we were able to know how to read the staff from
the level and also conduct a leveling exercise
2) Other challenges faced us are incorrect staff reading instrumental errors in the level and
environmental factors like wind.
3) Improve survey design and question formatting, enhance survey delivery and
distribution, strengthen data collection and analysis and foster ongoing engagement The
specific solutions will depend on the survey objectives and organizational